• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 1977

The results of electron microscopic studies on the cell fine structure of Nocardia sp the location of tellurite-reducing enzyme and the reduction part of T. T. C. (Triphenyl tetrazonium chloride) were summarized as follows. As the fine structure of the cell, the membrane-like structure with unit membrane was distributed in the cytoplasm. The membrane-like structure had complicate forms: some of membrane-like structure appeared spiral form. As the metal tellurium salt appeared in the cytoplasm, it is obvious that tellurite and tellurate-reducing enzymes are present in the cytoplasm. Reduction of T. T. C. took place in the cell membrane and the intracellular membrane-like structure. Therefore, it was thought that reduction of tellurate and T. T. C. took place in different parts. T. T. C. formazane formed in the cell was reoxidized by osmic acid which was used as a fixation reagent for the electron microscopic specimen preparation. As 95％ T. T. C. formazane was soluble in ethanol and embedding materials and removed out of the cell, an originally formed formazane appeared as electron light part on the electron microscopic image.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.568-573
• /
• 2016

We explore the crystalline structure and phase transition of lithium thiophosphate ($Li_7P_3S_{11}$) solid electrolyte using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The glass-like $Li_7P_3S_{11}$ powder is prepared by the high-energy mechanical milling process. According to the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area diffraction (SAD) analysis, the glass powder shows chemical homogeneity without noticeable contrast variation at any specific spot in the specimen and amorphous SAD ring patterns. Upon heating up to $260^{\circ}C$ the glass $Li_7P_3S_{11}$ powder becomes crystallized, clearly representing crystal plane diffraction contrast in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image. We further confirm that each diffraction spot precisely corresponds to the diffraction from a particular $Li_7P_3S_{11}$ crystallographic structure, which is also in good agreement with the previous X-ray diffraction results. We expect that the microscopic analysis with EDS and SAD patterns would permit a new approach to study in the atomic scale of other lithium ion conducting sulfides.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.467-477
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the affected period and the amount of bone formation during osteogenesis of intramembranous bone using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LPUS) $in$ $vivo$. Methods: Xeno-bone (Bio-oss) and autogenous bone were grafted bilaterally into mini-pig mandibles. The left mandible served as the control and the other mandible was treated with 3 MHz, 160 mW (output, 0.8 mW) ultrasound stimulation for 7 days 15 minutes per day. The mini-pigs were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and micro computed tomography (${\mu}CT$), a microscopic examination, and a statistical analysis were performed on the specimens. Results: Based on a computerized image analysis of the ${\mu}CT$ scans, the experimental group had an average 150% more new bone formation than that in the control group. The effect of LPUS continued during the post operative 2 weeks. The histomorphological microscopic examination showed similar results. Conclusion: Our results suggest the LPUS had an effect on early intramembranous bone formation in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.11 s.176
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2005

In order to measure surface roughness profile, stylus type equipments are commonly used, but the stylus keeps contact with surface and damages specimens by its tip pressure. Therefore, optics based measurement systems are developed, and light phase interferometer, which is based on light interference phenomenon, is the most noticeable research. However, light interference based measurements require translation mechanisms of nano-meter order in order to generate phase differences or multiple focusing, thus the systems cannot satisfy the industrial need of on-the-machine and in-process measurement to achieve factory automation and productive enhancement. In this research, we focused light reflectance phenomenon rather than the light interference, because reflectance based method do not need translation mechanisms. However, the method cannot direct]y measure surface roughness profile, because reflected light consists of several components and thus it cannot supply surface height information with its original form. In order to overcome the demerit, we newly proposed an image processing based algorithm, which can separate reflected light components and conduct parameterization and reconstruction process with respect to surface height information, and then confirmed the reliability of proposed algorithm by experiment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2014

On poly and single crystalline Cu substrates, the graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition(CVD). Optical microscopic images which were not possible to show the detailed characterization of graphene growth were adjusted and analyzed using image analyzing software. As a result it was possible to show the detailed growth mechanism of graphene by utilizing the image analysis. Nucleation of graphene on Cu grain boundary and its growth behavior into Cu grain are shown. In addition, the movement of graphene grain boundary interacting with Cu grain boundary and pinholes during growth was illustrated in detail, and the cause and result are discussed as a result of those interactions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2004

To investigate the correlation between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cerebral fat embolism that is induced by injecting oleic acid into 10 cats, and a pathologic diagnosis. Using a microcatheter, 30 ${mu}ell$ of oleic acid was injected into the internal carotid artery of 10 cats. MR T2-weighted image (T2WI), diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image (Gd-enhanced T1WI) were obtained after 30 minutes and 2 hours of embolization. After 30 minutes of the embolization, lesions of very high signal intensity were detected by T2WI in 6 cats, and of slightly high signal intensity in 2 cats; in the remaining 2 cats, signal intensity was normal. DWI showed lesions of very high intensity in 9 cats and of slightly high intensity in one cat. According to the findings of light microscopic examination, infarcted lesions mainly involved the gray matter, but also some white matter. A magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis for cerebral fat embolism that was induced by oleic acid through the internal carotid artery in cats showed high signal intensity on the T2WI and the DWI within an initial 2 hours, and with a well enhancement on the Gd-enhanced T1WI. Considering cellular edema, cerebrovascular injury and extracellular space widening, we assumed pathologically that cytotoxic and vasogenic edema exists at the same time.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.26-34
• /
• 1996

One of the challenging tasks in visual inspection using CCD camera is to identify surface defects in an image with complex textured backgeound. In microscopic view, the surface of real objects shows regular or random textured patterns. In this paper, we present a visual inspection algorithm to extract abnormal surface defects in an image with textured background. The algorithm uses the space and frequency information at the same time by introducing the Dominant Frequency Map(DFM) which can describe the frequency characteristics of every small local region of an input image. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method through a series of real experiments for a 14" TV CRT mold. The method successfully identifies a variety of infinitesimal defects, whose size is larger than $50\mu\textrm{m}$, of the mold. The experimental results show that the DFM based method is less sensitive to the environmental changes, such as illumination and defocusing, than conventional vision techniques.ques.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.19 no.1E
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2007

Addition of latex to concrete is known to increase its durability and permeability. The purpose of this study is to analyze air void systems in latex-modified concretes using a reasonable and objective method of image analysis with such experimental variables as water-cement (w/c) ratios, latex contents (0%, 15%) and cement types (ordinary portland cement (OPC), high-early strength (HES) cement and very-early strength (VES) cement). The results are analyzed by spacing factor, air volume (content) after hardening, air void distribution and structure. Additionally, air void systems and permeability of latex-modified concrete (LMC) are compared by a correlation analysis. The results are as follows. The LMC of the same w/c ratio showed better air entraining (AE) effect than OPC with AE water reducer. The VES-LMC showed that the quantity of entrained air below $100{\mu}m$ increased more than four times. For the case of HES-LMC, microscopic entrained air between the range of 50 to $500{\mu}m$ increased greater than 7 times even in the absence of anti-foamer. Although spacing factor was measured rather low, the permeability of latex-modified concrete was good. It is construed that air void system does not have a considerable effect on the property of latex-modified concrete, but latex film (membrane) has a definite influence on the durability of LMC.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.835-841
• /
• 1997

Microscopic examination of the morphology of wear debris is an accepted method for machine condition and fault diagnosis. However wear particle analysis has not been widely accepted in industry because it is dependent on expert interpretation of particle morphology and subjective assessment criteria. This paper was undertaken to analyze the morphology of wear debris for machine condition diagnosis of the lubricated moving surfaces by image processing and analysis. The lubricating wear test was performed under different sliding conditions using a wear test device made in our laboratory and wear testing specimen of the pin-on-disk-type was rubbed in paraffine series base oil. In order to describe characteristics of debris of various shape and size, four shape parameters (50% volumetric diameter, aspect, roundness and reflectivity) have been developed and outlined in the paper. A system using such techniques promises to obviate the need for subjective, human interpretation of particle morphology in machine condition monitoring, thus to overcome many of the difficulties in current methods and to facilitate wider use of wear particle analysis in machine condition monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2010

In the present study, we employed the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) system to visualize the blood flow field with $1{\times}1{\mu}m^2$ spatial resolution. Based on the confocal microscopic image of red blood cells (RBCs), we performed the velocity vector field measurement and evaluated characteristics of cell migration from the cell depleted layer thickness calculation. The rat and mouse's blood were supplied into a micro glass tubes in vitro. The line scanning rate of confocal microscopy was 15 kHz for a $500{\times}500$ pixels image. As a result, the red blood cell itself can be used as a tracer directly without any kind of invasive tracer particle to get the velocity vector field of blood flow by performing particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique.