• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.490-494
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• 1997

A variety of microbial strains isolated from soil were tested for their ability to produce D-tagatose from D-galactose. An organism that can convert D-galactose into D-tagatose was selected and was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans. The cells grown on the induction medium containing 20 g/l arabinose were found to the best conversion potential among different carbohydrates and the conversion yield was about 15% when 20 gll galactose was used. The isolated crystals were obtained from the culture broth after the purification process such as treatment of ion resins, crystallization, and drying. The recovery yield was 70% after the purification. The crystals were identified as D-tagatose by the infrared spectroscopy, HPLC, specific optical rotation, and melting point.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.966-971
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• 2009

Peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus (CiP) has attracted attention for its high specific activity and broad substrate spectrum compared with other peroxidases. In this study, the functional expression of this peroxidase was successfully achieved in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The expression level of CiP was increased by varying the microbial hosts and the expression promoters. Since a signal sequence, such as the alpha mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was placed preceding the cDNA of the CiP coding gene, expressed recombinant CiP (rCiP) was secreted into the culture broth. The Mut Pichia pastoris host showed a 3-fold higher peroxidase activity, as well as 2-fold higher growth rate, compared with the $Mut^s $ Pichia pastoris host. Furthermore, the AOX1 promoter facilitated a 5-fold higher expression of rCiP than did the GAP promoter.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 1995

During the screening of inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis from microbial secondary metabolites, a fungal strain MR-93 which was capable of producing high level of an inhibitor was selected from plant leaf. Based on taxonomic studies, the fungus could be classified as a strain of Trichoderma sp.. The active compound (MR-93D) was purified from the culture broth by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, ethylacetate extraction, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. The inhibitor was identified as 4-hydroxy-8-isocyano-l-oxaspiro[4-4]cyclonon-8-en-2- one by spectroscopic methods of UV, $^{1}$H-NMR, ESIMS and IR. MR-93D showed a strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with 0.03 $\mu$g/m of IC$_{50}$ value. It also inhibited melanin biosynthesis with 35 mm inhibition zone at 30 $\mu$g/paper disc in Streptomyces bikiniensis, a bacterium used as an indicator organism in this work.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2000

A bacterial strain producing extracellular chitosanase was isolated from crab shells and identified as a member of the genus Aureobacterium The production of chitosanase was proportionally related to the microbial growth, induced by the presence of chitosan, and repressed by glucose at 0.5% (w/v) concentration or higher. The optimal culture conditions for the production of chitosase were 3$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. Among the nitrogen sources tested, incubation with 0.25% (w/v) concentrations of tryptone and casitione showed the best production of chitosanase. The chitosanase of Aureobacterium sp. YL produced chitobiose as a major product and glucosamine, chitotriose, chitotetraose, and chitopentaose as minor products from chitosan.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 1995

The cultural conditions of Bullera singularis were optimized for the efficient production of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), Optimum temperature was 25$\circ$C, pH was 6.0, inoculum size was over 5% (v/v), initial lactose concentration was over 5% (w/v). The GOS production increased with microbial growth. Maximum amount of 72% (w/w) GOS was obtained from the optimized medium (5% lactose and 0.75% yeast extract) in 70 hours. Seven types of GOS (3 of dimer, 2 of trimer, 1 of tetramer, and 1 of pentamer) were identified by two-dimensional TLC. A new mechanism of GOS production is proposed based on the metabolism of carbon source.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.911-916
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• 1994

Hollow fiber membrane has been successfully developed as an artificial kidney device in the 1970's. In the early 1970's animal cells were introduced into a hollow fiber membrane cartridge and well propagated in the cartridge. Since then, hollow fiber membrane was utilized as a bioreactor in order to immobilize enzymes as well as to culture microbial cells and plant cells. In this review, the present status and the prospect of hollow fiber membrane bioreactor are investigated in view of cell density and product productivity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

The diagnosis of tuberculosis is usually established using staining and culturing techniques. Fluorescent stains have improved the sensitivity of direct microscopy. Improved culture media coupled with radiometric means of detecting early mycobacterial growth have shortened the time needed for cultural diagnosis. Rapid immunodiagnostic techniques based on the detection of mycobacterial antigen or of antibodies to theses antigens have not, however, come into widespread clinical use. The DNA or RNA hybridization tests with labeled specific probes which have been described so far are not sensitive enough to be used for clinical speicimens without prior culturing. The advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has opened new possibilities for diagnosis of microbial infections. This technique has already been applied to a number of microorganisms. In the field of mycobacteria the PCR has been used to identify and to detect DNAs extracted from various mycobacteria. However, despite the extraordinary enthusiasm surrounding this technique and the considerable investiment, PCR has not emerged from the developmental "trenches" in the passed several years. It may be a considerable lenth of time before clinical microbiology laboratories become PCR playgrounds because many details remain to be worked out.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-116
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• 1980

To investigate mechanism of antineoplastic activities of the protein-polysaccharide fraction of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel., the mycelium of the fungus was grown in a liquid medium and was extracted with hot water. The extract was purified and used for examining its effects upon immune response in mice. The fraction was administered at a dose of 20mg/kg/day to ICR mice for five days. After ten days the mice were immunized by sheep red blood cells. The plaque-forming cells (PFC) in their spleen were increased in the treated mice. The number of PFC in case of the protein-removed polysaccharide was lower than that of the entire protein-­polysaccharide fraction of the fungus.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-72
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• 1997

The pH of microbial culture medium was calculated from equations of equilibrium, meterial balances for ionic components and electro-neutrality theory. Ammonium ion consumption and Acetic acid production are found out to be the major contributors for the alteration of the pH as well as the buffer capacity of the medium. By measuring the buffer capacity on-line, levels of acetic acid were estimated by a software sensor using pH signal in a fermentation process of E.coli growing in a minimal medium. The measured values of acetic acid showed good correlation to those of estimated by the software sensor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1990

Influences of plant phenolic acids and their possible metabolites(non-phenolic aromatic acids involved) in the rumen on the cellulolytic activity of mixed rumen populations were examined by a simple in vitro culture technique. Initial concentrations of aromatic acids were 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM/l. All the tested aromatic acids reduced microbial cellulose digestion especially at the higher initial concentration. P-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid, those having unhydrogenated propenoic side chain were more inhibitory than were 3-phenylpropinic acid and phloretic acid, those having hydrogenated propanoic side chain. Lag-time for cellulose digestion was prolonged by former three acids by 16 h. Apparent reduction in p-coumaric acid concentration was observed at 24 h when cellulose digestion began. Volatile fatty acid productions from cellulose fermentation were shifted by former three aromatic acids to produce more acetate and less propionate. This suggests that the selection of celluloytic organisms was induced by these aromatic acids.