• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.774-781
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• 2011

지르코늄합금 튜브 제조공정은 튜브 산세 시 질산과 불산을 사용하고 있어 세척 시 발생되는 폐수의 주요 오염물질인 질산성질소와 불소성분을 제거하기 위한 폐수처리는, 1차 화학응집처리에 의한 불소성분 제거공정, 황산화탈질반응을 이용한 SOD (Sulfur Oxidation Denitrification)공법에 의한 독립영양탈질공정, 그리고 2차 화학응집처리공정으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서는, 처리공정에서 불소의 농도가 황산화탈질공정(SOD)의 탈질반응에 미치는 영향과 황산화탈질반응을 유지하기 위한 최적 운전조건을 검토하였다. 황산화탈질 반응은 불소농도 20 ppm 이하에서 거의 영향을 주지 않았으며, NaOH로 pH를 조절하는 것보다 NaOH와 $NaHCO_3$를 혼합하여 pH와 알칼리도를 조절해주는 것이 질소제거당량을 높여주는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 황산화탈질미생물에 필요한 미량원소와 알칼리성분이 혼합된 미생물활성화제가 알칼리도를 보충해줄 뿐만 아니라 황산화탈질미생물의 성장과 증식에도 영향을 주었으며, 그 결과 무기계 산업폐수처리 시 필요한 주기적인 미생물 식종 없이 운전이 가능한 결과를 얻었다. 이상의 결과를 통해, 황산화탈질공법(SOD공법)이 산업폐수의 질산성질소제거에 매우 유용한 공법임이 확인되었으며, 미생물활성화제가 황산화탈질미생물의 활성화에 기여함이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.989-992
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• 2003

Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator deletion mutein (Reteplase) is a clinically promising thrombolytic drug. Reteplase cDNA was subcloned into a bacteria expression system, and the resultant recombinant was biologically characterized. The Reteplase was expressed in Escherichia coli as an inclusion body, and the downstream processes of the Reteplase inclusion body included denaturation, renaturation, and purification. A protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was used to assist the refolding of Reteplase, and it was found to increase the refolding rate from less than 2％ to more than 20％. The refolded Reteplase was purified through two chromatography steps, including lysine-coupled agarose affinity chromatography and then CM-sepharose cation-exchange chomatography. The purity of r-PA was analyzed by Western bolt analysis, and N-terminal amino acid and amino acid composition analyses confirmed the end-product. Reteplase showed higher thrombolytic potency in an animal thrombus model.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 미생물활성화제를 토양경작법에 적용하였을 경우 토양을 복원함에 있어 타 공법에 비해 장시간 걸리는 단점을 최소화하고, 빠른 시일 내에 친환경적으로 복원이 가능한지에 대한 타당성 조사와 더불어 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감 능력을 확인하였다. Pre-test의 개념으로 미생물활성화제의 성능과 분해 효율을 lab-test를 통해 확인하였으며, 유류오염 토양의 지표인 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 효과를 확인하였다. 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리 효과를 확인한 결과, 20일 정도까지는 자연분해와 미생물활성화제의 차이가 미미하게 발생하였으나, 20일 경과 후에는 처리 효과가 대조군에 비해 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 각층에 따른 제거율을 살펴본 결과, 상층 85.8 %, 중층 84.4 %의 제거율을 나타냈으나, 하층에서는 66.10 % 제거율을 나타냈다. 대조군에서 자연적으로 줄어드는 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감율이 평균 71.1 %임을 근거로 봤을 때 미생물활성화제가 하층까지 충분하게 전달되지 않은 상태로 볼 수 있었으며, 이는 토양 더미의 문제로 판단된다. 현장 실험에서는 토양 더미가 1 m 로 진행되었기 때문에 더미 높이를 0.6 m 이하로 낮추게 되면 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리효율은 더 높아질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2021

Although research on the osteal signaling pathway has progressed, understanding of gut microbial-dependent signaling pathways for metabolic and immune bone homeostasis remains elusive. In recent years, the study of gut microbiota has shed light on our understanding of bone homeostasis. Here, we review microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk via bone morphogenetic protein/SMADs, Wnt and OPG/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand signaling pathways in direct (translocation) and indirect (metabolite) manners. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota involvement in these signaling pathways are relevant in immune responses, secretion of hormones, fate of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and absorption of calcium. Collectively, we propose a signaling network for maintaining a dynamic homeostasis between the skeletal system and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the role of gut microbial improvement by dietary intervention in osteal signaling pathways has also been elucidated. This review provides unique resources from the gut microbial perspective for the discovery of new strategies for further improving treatment of bone diseases by increasing the abundance of targeted gut microbiota.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 고로슬래그의 수화반응을 일으키는 극한미생물(Bacillus halodurans) 알칼리 활성화제를 사용하여 현장 지반을 고결시키는 연구를 수행하였다. 현장 토사를 고결시키기 위해 저가의 미생물 배양액을 대량으로 제조하였으며, 제조된 미생물 배양액에 대한 생장실험을 실시하여 기존 미생물 배양액과의 효율성을 비교하였다. 현장 적용은 고로슬래그와 미생물 배양액을 혼합한 알칼리 활성화제로 고결된 지반(미생물 고결토), 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트로 고결된 지반(시멘트 고결토), 그리고 무처리된 지반(무처리토)으로 나누어 시험 시공하였다. 현장 지반 3곳 모두 동일한 크기인 가로 2.6m, 세로 4m, 깊이 0.2m로 시공하였다. 현장 시공 후 28일에 코어를 채취하여 일축압축시험을 실시하였으며, 무처리토 지반은 토베인시험으로 지반의 강도를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 미생물 고결토는 시멘트 고결토에 비해 약 1/5 정도 낮은 강도를 보였으나, 무처리토에 비해서는 약 6배 정도 높은 강도를 발휘하였다. 또한, 미생물 고결토의 pH는 10으로 11 이상인 시멘트 고결토보다 낮아 상대적으로 친환경적인 것으로 판단되었으며, SEM-EDS 분석을 통하여 고결도와 고결 물질인 C-S-H 수화물이 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2020

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic-derived cells that resorb bone. They are required to maintain proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength. Although osteoclast differentiation depends on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation, additional molecules further contribute to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) regulates formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and contributes to maintenance of bone homeostasis. We found that Pcdh7 expression is induced by RANKL stimulation, and that RNAi-mediated knockdown of Pcdh7 resulted in impaired formation of osteoclasts. We generated Pcdh7-deficient mice and found increased bone mass due to decreased bone resorption but without any defect in bone formation. Using an in vitro culture system, it was revealed that formation of multinucleated osteoclasts is impaired in Pcdh7-deficient cultures, while no apparent defects were observed in differentiation and function of Pcdh7-deficient osteoblasts. Taken together, these results reveal an osteoclast cell-intrinsic role for Pcdh7 in maintaining bone homeostasis.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

NF-${\kappa}B$ is a transcriptional factor which is involved in many biological processes including immunity, inflammation, and cell survival. Many investigators studied on the mechanism involved in activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ signalling pathway via ubiquitination and degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ regarding skin disease. Some specific molecules including Akt, MEK, p38 MAP Kinase, Stat3, et al. represent convergence points and key regulatory proteins in signaling pathways controlling cellular events such as growth and differentiation, energy homeostasis, and the response to stress and inflammation. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has many adverse effects on skin, including inflammation, alteration in the extracellular matrix, cellular senescence, apoptosis and skin cancer. Prunus mume, a naturally derived plant extract, has beneficial biological activities as blood fluidity improvement, anti-fatigue action, antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities, inhibiting the motility of Helicobacter pyolri. Previous reports on various beneficial function prompted us to investigate UVB-induced or other immunostimulated biological marker regarding P. mume extract. P. mume extract suppresses UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells. The activation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ induced by UVB was dose-dependently inhibited by P. mume extract treatment. This results suggest that P. mume extracts might be used as a potential agents for protection of inflammation or UVB induced skin damage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1270-1281
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• 2018

Periodontal disease is triggered by the host immune response to pathogens in the microbial biofilm. Worsening of periodontal disease destroys the tooth-supporting tissues and alveolar bone. As oral inflammation can induce systemic diseases in humans, it is important to prevent periodontal disease. In this study, we demonstrated that Curcuma xanthorrhiza supercritical extract (CXS) and its active compound, xanthorrhizol (XAN), exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human gingival fibroblast-1 cells and anti-osteoclastic effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-treated RAW264.7 cells. LPS-upregulated inflammatory factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B p65 and $interleukin-1{\beta}$, were prominently reduced by CXS and XAN. In addition, RANKL-induced osteoclastic factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K, were decreased in the presence of CXS and XAN. CXS and XAN inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results provide evidence that CXS and XAN suppress LPS-induced inflammation and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the MAPK/AP-1 pathway.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, enhanced in situ bioremediation using slow substrate release techniques has been actively researched for managing TCE-contaminated groundwater. This study conducted a lab-scale batch reactor experiment to evaluate the feasibility of natural attenuation for TCE dechlorination using microsized corn-oil droplet (MOD) as an activator considering the following three factors: 1) TCE dechlorination in the presence or absence of MOD; 2) TCE dechlorination in the presence or absence of inactivator of native microbial activity; and 3) MOD concentration effects on TCE dechlorination. Batch reactors were constructed using site groundwater and soil in which Dehalococcoides bacteria were present. Without MOD, TCE was decomposed into dichloroethylene (DCE). However, other by-products of TCE dechlorination were not detected. With MOD, DCE, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene (ETH) were sequentially observed. This result confirmed that MOD effectively supplied electrons to complete dechlorination of TCE to ETH. However, when an excess of MOD was provided, it formed unfavorable conditions for anaerobic digestion because dechlorination reaction did not proceed while propionic acid was accumulated after DCE was generated. Therefore, if an appropriate amount of MOD is supplied, MOD can be effectively used as a natural reduction activator to promote biodegradation in an aquifer contaminated by TCE.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1644-1653
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• 2014

Wuyiencin is produced by Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis CK-15 and is widely used as an antifungal agent in agriculture. Analysis of wuyiencin biosynthetic gene clusters reveals wysR, a member of the LAL-family of transcriptional regulatory genes. WysR consists of an N-terminal PAS domain and a LuxR family C-terminal helix-turn-helix motif. However, the roles of wysR in wuyiencin biosynthesis are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that inactivation of wysR resulted in the complete loss of wuyiencin production, which could be restored by complementation with a single copy of wysR. Furthermore, we successfully increased wuyiencin production to a significantly higher level by overexpression of wysR in S. wuyiensis CK-15. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that WysR regulates wuyiencin biosynthesis by modulating other putative regulatory genes. Thus, WysR was identified as an activator of wuyiencin biosynthesis, and overexpression of wysR gene proved to be an effective strategy for improving wuyiencin production.