• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

Large eddy simulation was performed to investigate the effect of linearly increasing wall disturbance on the modification of turbulent characteristics of temperature field in the vicinity of the wall. It was noted that temperature variance increased monotonically whereas temperature dissipation decreased significantly, resulting in a noticeable reduction in both time and length-scales. A sudden drop in turbulent Prandtl number down to around 0.25 in the near-wall region indicated that the similarity between velocity and temperature fields decreases near the wall as a result of linear wall disturbance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.5 s.248
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• pp.405-412
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• 2006

In order to realize a stably propagating flame in a narrow channel, flame instabilities resulting from flame-wall interaction should be avoided. In particular flame quenching is a significant issue in micro combustion devices; quenching is caused either by excessive heat loss or by active radical adsorptions at the wall. In this paper, the relative significance of thermal and chemical effects on flame quenching is examined by means of quenching distance measurement. Emphasis is placed on the effects of surface defect density on flame quenching. To investigate chemical quenching phenomenon, thermally grown silicon oxide plates with well-defined defect distribution were prepared. ion implantation technique was used to control defect density, i.e. the number of oxygen vacancies. It has been found that when the surface temperature is under $300^{\circ}C$, the quenching distance is decreased on account of reduced heat loss; as the surface temperature is increased over $300^{\circ}C$, however, quenching distance is increased despite reduced heat loss effect. Such abberant behavior is caused by heterogeneous surface reactions between active radicals and surface defects. The higher defect density, the larger quenching distance. This result means that chemical quenching is governed by radical adsorption that can be parameterized by oxygen vacancy density on the surface.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 1996

Most of the conventional electrocardiowaphs foil to detect signals other than P-QRS-T due to the limited SNR and bandwidth. High-resolution electrocardiography(HRECG) provides better SNR and wider bandwidth for the detection of micro-potentials with higher frequency components such as vontricular late potentials(LP). We have developed a HRECG using uncorrected XYZ lead for the detection of LPs. The overall gain of the amplifier is 4000 and the bandwidth is 0.5-300Hz without using 60Hz notch filter. Three 16-bit A/D converters sample X, Y, and Z signals simultaneously with a sampling frequency of 2000Hz. Sampled data are transmitted to a PC via a DMA-controlled, optically-coupled serial communication channel. In order to further reduce the noise, we implemented a signal averaging algorithm that averaged many instances of aligned beats. The beat alignment was carried out through the use of a template matching technique that finds a location maximizing cross-correlation with a given beat tem- plate. Beat alignment error was reduced to $\pm$0.25ms. FIR high-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 40Hz was applied to remove the low frequency components of the averaged X, Y, and Z signals. QRS onset and end point were determined from the vector magnitude of the sigrlaIL and some parameters needed to detect the existence of LP were estimated. The entire system was designed for the easy application of the future research topics including the optimal lead system, filter design, new parameter extraction, etc. In the developed HRECG, without signal averaging, the noise level was less than 5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$. With signal averaging of at least 100 beats, the noise level was reduced to 0.5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$, which is low enough to detect LPs. The developed HRECG will provide a new advanced functionality to interpretive ECG analyzers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2015

하천에서 발생하는 소류력은 하상 변동을 발생시키기 때문에 주변 구조물이나 하천의 흐름특성 등을 변화시키게 되며, 유사이송, 침식 및 퇴적, 유동해석 등에 매우 중요한 하천 계수이다. 하천에서 소류력의 직접 측정은 매우 어려워 직접 측정 대신 하천경사 및 동수반경을 기반한 단면 평균소류력 산정 공식을 일반적으로 이용한다. 그러나, 이러한 방식은 상세한 유사이송, 세굴 등의 해석에는 한계가 있기 때문에 국부적인 소류력이 필요하다. 실내 실험에서는 프레스톤게이지를 활용한 직접 측정이나, 난류측정을 통한 레이놀즈 분포를 외삽하여 단면에서 국부적인 소류력을 측정하는 방식이 사용되어 왔다. 반면, 실제 하천에서는 국부 소류력 직접측정 및 난류 산정이 거의 불가능하거나 비효율적이므로 대안으로 하천의 연직유속분포에 대수분포를 적용하여 소류력을 추정하는 간접적인 방법이 제시되어 왔다. 일부 실내실험에서 대수법칙을 통한 소류력 산정 방식은 직접 측정을 통해 검증한 바가 있으나 실제 하천은 난류의 공간 시간적 스케일이 실내 규모와 상이하여 국부 소류력에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 이러한 검증결과를 현장 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 규모 하천에서 대수법칙을 활용한 국부 소류력 산정 결과와 레이놀즈 응력의 연직분포 측정을 통해 산정한 값과 비교하여 대수법칙 활용 소류력 산정 방식의 적용성을 검토하였다. 실험은 중소규모의 하천을 재현한 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실험센터 직선(A1) 및 사행(A2) 하천의 유속측정을 수행하였으며, 유속 측정에는 정밀도가 높으나 실내에서 주로 사용된 초음파지점유속계(Micro ADV)를 현장에 설치하여 사용하였다. ADV의 관측 시간은 90초이며, 직선수로에서는 횡방향으로 25 cm 간격, 수심방향으로는 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정하였고, 사행수로는 횡방향으로 50 cm 간격, 수심방향 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정을 수행하였다. 실험결과 대수법칙과 레이놀즈 분포로부터 산정된 국부 소류력은 사행과 직선 모두 상당한 이격을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

The present paper deals with an experimental study of boiling heat transfer characteristics of R-290, and is focused on pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant flow inside horizontal smooth minichannel with inner diameter of 3.0 mm and length of 2000 mm. The direct heating method applied for supplying heat to the refrigerant where the test tube was uniformly heated by electric current which was applied to the tube wall. The experiments were conducted with R-290 with purity of 99.99% at saturation temperature of 0 to $10^{\circ}C$. The range of mass flux is $50{\sim}250kg/m^2s$ and heat flux is $5{\sim}20kW/m^2$. The heat transfer coefficients of R-290 increases with increasing mass flux and saturation temperature, wherein the effect of mass flux is higher than that of the saturation temperature, whereas the heat flux has a low effect on increasing heat transfer coefficient. The significant effect of mass flux on heat transfer coefficient is shown at high quality, the effect of heat flux on heat transfer coefficient at low quality shows a domination of nucleate boiling contribution. The heat transfer coefficient of the experimental result was compared with six existing heat transfer coefficient correlation. Zang et al.'s correlation(2004) gave the best prediction of heat transfer coefficient.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2019

Low power issue is one of the most critical problems in the Internet of Things (IoT), which are powered by battery. To solve this problem, various approaches have been presented so far. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the power consumption by reducing the numbers of accesses into the flash memory consuming a large amount of power for on-chip software execution. Our approach is based on using cooperative logging structure to distribute the sampling overhead in single sensor node to adjacent nodes in case of rare-event applications. The proposed algorithm to identify event occurrence is newly introduced with negative feedback method by observing difference between past data and recent data coming from the sensor. When an event with need of flash access is determined, the proposed approach only allows access to write the sampled data in flash memory. The proposed event detection algorithm (EDA) result in 30% reduction of power consumption compared to the conventional flash write scheme for all cases of event. The sampled data from the sensor is first traced into the random access memory (RAM), and write access to the flash memory is delayed until the page buffer of the on-chip flash memory controller in the micro controller unit (MCU) is full of the numbers of the traced data, thereby reducing the frequency of accessing flash memory. This technique additionally reduces power consumption by 40% compared to flash-write all data. By sharing the sampling information via LoRa channel, the overhead in sampling data is distributed, to reduce the sampling load on each node, so that the 66% reduction of total power consumption is achieved in several IoT edge nodes by removing the sampling operation of duplicated data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2021

IoT (Internet of Things) emerges from various technologies such as communications, micro processors and embedded system and so on. The IoT has also been used to UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) system. In manned aircraft, a pilot and co-pilot should control FCS (Flight Control System) with FBW(Fly By Wire) system for flight operation. In contrast, the flight operation in UAV system is remotely and fully managed by GCS (Ground Control System) almost in real time. To make it possible the communication channel should be necessary between the UAV and the GCS. There are many protocols between two systems. Amongst them, MAVLink (Macro Air Vehicle Link) protocol is representatively used due to its open architecture. MAVLink does not define any securities itself, which results in high vulnerability from external attacks. This paper proposes the method to enhance data security in GCS network by applying cryptographic methods to the MAVLink messages in order to support safe UAV operations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2021

The cosmetic industry is technology-intensive in the field of fine chemistry and continues to grow globally. The functional aspects have been mainly emphasized in the past to increase the market share in these cosmetics industries. Recently, however, efforts have been made to attract the attention of consumers to the visual effects as well as the excellent performance of cosmetics at home and abroad. Accordingly, cosmetic manufacturers are trying various technologies that encapsulate the cosmetic emulsion and modify the shape, color, and texture of the emulsion capsule. The basic and easiest method of encapsulating emulsion is dropping the emulsion through the nozzle from emulsion storage. On the other hand, the existing method of encapsulating emulsion has a limit in reducing the size of the capsule. In this study, the limit was shown by theory and numerical analysis method, and the emulsion encapsulation phenomena occurring in the micro-channel were studied to apply microfluidics as an alternative.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2021

This paper contributes to the understanding of the effect of pulley on the performance of the vortex turbine in free water surface. The experimental work was to analyze the rotation, voltage and current of the turbine due to physical factors (vortex height, velocity, effective head, etc.) at flow rates ranging from 0.0069 to 0.0077 m³/s in the inlet channel. As a result, the experimental values showed that voltage, current and rotational speed of the vortex turbine decreased with increasing the pulley ratio regardless of the blade type. The efficiency of straight blade and twisted blade was 52 % at the gear ratio of 0.45, whereas the efficiency of small twisted blade was 54 % at the pulley ratio of 0.21. The highest amount of the energy generated by the water free vortex turbine occurred within a pulley ratio of 0.5. The efficiency of this vortex turbine was observed at 0.2 ~ 58 % depending on the pulley ratio.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.389-399
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• 2023

Sustainable fashion products have different characteristics from typical fashion products. Therefore, this study focuses on shoes while exploring the expansion and development of sustainable fashion consumption as well as consumers' perceptions of the sustainability approaches practiced by shoe companies. In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 consumers, who had purchased sustainable shoes, in order to understand their purchase decision-making process and consumption characteristics, using the seven stages of the EBM model. In the "need recognition" stage, the survey participants' social background and family influences were categorized as macro factors, while their personal background influences were categorized as micro factors. In the "evaluation of alternatives" stage, participants reconfirmed whether or not to make a purchase based on the product's properties, such as price, brand value, and offered services. In the "purchase" stage, participants' purchase channels were determined according to their preferences as well as the selection pattern they followed until the final purchase within the chosen channel. In the "consumption" stage, the start of product ownership coincides with the start of using the products after making a purchase. In the "post-purchase assessment" stage, higher positive experiences led to a higher repurchase intention of sustainable shoes, while negative experiences caused participants to defer consumption and made them experience a sense of guilt for failing to consume sustainably. During the "post-purchase behavior" stage, which focused on the categories that the customers prioritized, many participants spread information about sustainable fashion to specific individuals through active online WOM behavior.