• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

Caffeine and capsaicin increase resting energy metabolism. However, most measurements have been conducted in short-term studies. Therefore, we investigated the effects of caffeine and capsaicin on energy expenditure and energy substrate utilization in resting rats for 6 h. The caffeine (Experiment 1) experiment included four male rats aged 5 weeks and measured the effects of oral administration of caffeine (10 or 50 mg/kg) on respiratory gas, energy expenditure, and energy substrate oxidation for 6 h. Experiment 2 included four male rats aged 6 weeks to measure the effects of capsaicin (10 mg/kg) using the same method as in Experiment 1. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that O₂ uptake and carbohydrate oxidation after caffeine administration for 2 h was higher in the 10 mg trial than that in the 50 mg or placebo trials (P < 0.05). However fat oxidation was not significantly different. In contrast, capsaicin (Experiment 2) observed no differences between the placebo and the capsaicin trials. In conclusion, caffeine initially increased the resting energy consumption for 2 h, and this energy expenditure was due to carbohydrate oxidation. Capsaicin did not change oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, fat oxidation, or carbohydrate oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.707-713
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• 1997

HVPE(hydride vapor phase epitaxy)법으로 (111)MgAI$_{2}$ $O_{4}$기판위에 GaN 후막을 성장하였다. GaN를 성장하기 전에 기판에 표면을 GaCI로 처리한 수 성장하였을 때 이중 X선 회절 피크의 반치폭이 710 arcsec로서 N $H_{3}$로 처리한 후 성장한 GaN에 비하여 작았으며, 무색 투명의 경면상태가 얻어\ulcorner다. 113$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 성장한 GaN 의 광루미네센스(PL)특성과 동일하게 나타났다. 10K의 온도에서 측정된 PL 스펙트럼은 자유여기자와 속박여기자의 재결합천이에 의한 피크들과 Mg과 관련된 도너-억셉터 쌍 사이의 재결합 및 이의 1LO, 2LO, 3LO 및 4 LO 포논복제에 의한 피크들이 나타났다. 성장된 GaN는 n형의 전도성을나타내었으며, 캐리어 이동도와 농도는 각각 21.3$\textrm{cm}^2$/V ㆍsec와 4.2 x $10^{18}$$cm^{-3}$이었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.1732-1734
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• 2003

An MgO thin film sputtering system for the PDP (Plasma Display Panel) applications has been developed. This system was manufactured with a vertical In-Line type of 42 inch, which has the length of 520 mm and the width of 900 mm. A reactive magnetron discharge for this sputtering was generated using an unipolar pulsed power supply which has functions of constant voltage (Max. 500 V) and current (Max. 15 A) control, frequency of $10{\sim}100$ kHz and duty ratio of $10{\sim}60$ %. The experiment was conducted under various conditions : $3{\sim}10$ mTorr of pressure, the ratio of $O_2$/Ar = $0.1{\sim}0.5$, 50 % of duty and power of $0.5{\sim}1.7$ kW. From the experiment, the deposition rate of a static state and a moving state were measured to be about 45 nm/min and 6 nm m/min at the distance of 50 mm between the target and the substrate, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.387-391
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• 2012

Graphene was fabricated onto Ni/Si substrate using a rapid-thermal pulse CVD and they were transferred onto the Ti/PES flexible substrate. For top electrode applications of the BMNO dielectric films, graphene was patterned using a argon plasma. Through an AFM image and a leakage current density of the BMNO films grown onto various bottom electrodes before and after bending test, BMNO films grown onto the graphene bottom electrode showed no change of the microstructure and the leakage current density after the bend.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 1996

The superconducting phase, $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{x}$ (YBCO), was in-situ deposited on the single crystal MgO substrates, using an aerosol decomposition process in a cold plasma reactor. The solubility and decomposition temperature of the chemical precursors, and the vapor pressures of the solvents, were determined to be the factors crucial to achieving a stoichiometric, crystalline YBCO phase. The deposition parameters for the YBCO phase were 0.3 to 2.7 kPa for the oxygen partial pressure and $800^{\circ}C$ to $940^{\circ}C$ for the substrate temperature. The optimum deposition conditions for the YBCO phase were observed along the CuO decomposition line.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.96-100
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• 1990

The cordierite ($2MgO,2Al_{2}O_{3},5SiO_{2}$) is of great interest for packaging substrates of multilayer IC. The Cu layer was fabricated on the cordierite substrate by the screen printing method and the adhesion properties of the interfaces at the different cosintering conditions were studied. When cosinted in the $Ar+H_{2}O$atmosphere good adhesion was obtained and the heating was found out to be an important factor for the adhesion.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigated mixing ratio of redginseng marc using organic waste resource for production cost-reduction of oyster mushroom. Redginseng marc were examined as substitute of cottonseed meal which was primary nutritive material of mushroom growing substrate. Total nitrogen and carbon source of redginseng marc was 45% and 2.7%, respectively and C/N ratio was 16.7. Total nitrogen source and pH of substrate mixed with redginseng marc was 4.6~4.9 and 2.5~2.8, respectively. The contents of $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ and MgO were decreased by increasing redginseng marc, but increased at the 20% redginseng marc. The contents of CaO was increased by increasing redginseng marc, but there was no significant difference in $Na_2O$ content. The more mixing ratio of redginseng marc was increased in column test, the more mycelial growth growed slowly. Yields of fruiting body was no significant difference compared with control group by adding of 10~50% redsingeng marc instead of cottonseed meal, but decreased sharply at only 20% redsingeng marc without cottonseed meal. The L value of pileus by increasing redginseng marc decreased during mushroom harvest, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.10
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• pp.111-120
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• 2000

Recently, metal oxide films such as MgO or ZrO$_2$ have been studied as buffer layers to fabricate the superconductor with preferred orientation and as diffusion barriers to prevent the reaction between superconductor and metal substrate. In this research, we focused fabrication and characterization of MgO and ZrO$_2$ films on textured metal substrates. We fabricated MgO and ZrO$_2$ films on the Ni metal sheets by sol-gel dipping method. The microstrcures of the films were investigated by SEM and AES analyses. The films were coated with different cycles and dryed at 400$^{\circ}$C and 500$^{\circ}$C . The final films were heat-treated at 700$^{\circ}$C, 800$^{\circ}$C, and 1000$^{\circ}$C, in air atmosphere. We investigated the alignment of MgO and ZrO$_2$ films on Ni metal sheets by XRD and pole figure. The grain growth of metal oxide films was improved by the increase of the drying temperature and annealing temperature. The grain growth was increased with the annealing temperature. The alignment of metal oxide films depended on the thickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2014

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.294-297
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• 2003

In this paper we designed and measured HTS antenna array for Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) system. HTS antennas fabricated in this work were a four-element, 11.67 ㎓z, high-Tc superconducting (HTS) microstrip antenna array with corporate feed network and circular polarization for direct broadcas- ting satellite (DBS) system. Our antennas was designed and built on a 0.5 mm thick YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) /MgO substrate. The measurement results showed good axial ratio, wide bandwidth a remarkable improvement over their metal counterpart.