• 상하수도학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2003

In this research, water qualities of river water and bank-filtrate were compared for six months including winter season. The location studied was Galjon area, the downstream of the Nakdong river. The well for bank-filtrate was installed 40 m apart from riverside. Main analytic results of bank-filtrate and river water were summarized as followings; the average concentrations in bank-filtrate were turbidity 0.8NTU, TN 0.4mg/l, $BOD_5$, 0.1mg/l, $KMnO_4$ consumption 1.6mg/l, heterotrophic bacteria 350cfu/ml, Fe 0.5mg/l, Mn 0.99mg/l while the average concentrations in river water were turbidity 6.1NTU, TN 3.9mg/l, $BOD_5$, 3.6mg/l, $KMnO_4$ consumption 11mg/l, heterotrophic bacteria 1,640cfu/ml, Fe 0.28mg/l, Mn 0.04mg/l. Water quality of bank-filtrate was mostly shown a good results than it of river water excepting Fe and Mn. In even basic constituents such as water temperature and pH, bank-filtrate was very settled while river water was extraordinary changable and high. In case of nitrogen, especially, total nitrogen of river water was 3.9mg/l while it of bank-filtrate was 0.4mg/l and its reduction was very high. The reason is that $NH^+_4-N$ among total nitrogen in the river water is nitrified and then denitrified in soil layer when it is pumped up as bank-filtrate. But Fe and Mn caused by the characteristics of soil was very high in bank-filtrate while Mn in river water was particularly very low and settled. As the distance between riverside and well was longer, concentration of Fe and Mn may be went up while its bacteria may be reduced.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 뜸부기 추출물의 항산화능 및 항염능을 확인하였다. 항산화능 실험에는 폴리페놀 농도 측정, 플라보노이드 농도 측정, DPPH 실험, ABTS 실험, NO 실험, FRAP 실험을 실시하였다. 폴리페놀의 경우 54.85±2.79 mg/g으로 나타났다. 플라보노이드의 경우 18.70±5.26 mg/g으로 나타났다. DPPH 실험에서는 3.950 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, ABTS 실험에서는 7.418 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, NO 실험에서는 6.056 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었다. FRAP에서는 뜸부기 추출물의 1 mg이 ascorbic acid 3.633±0.280 ㎍의 환원력을 보였다. 한편 세포실험에서는 세포 독성과 LPS로 유도된 염증에 대한 항염능을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 모든 농도에서 80%이상의 세포 생존률을 보였으며, NO 생성 억제능의 경우 100 ㎍/mL 농도에서 26.94±0.52%의 염증 억제능을 보여 뜸부기 추출물이 항염능을 가진 화장품 원료로서 사용 가능함을 보였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 쌍발이모자반 추출물의 항산화능 및 항염능을 확인하였다. 항산화능 실험에는 폴리페놀 농도측정, 플라보노이드 농도 측정, DPPH 실험, ABTS 실험, NO 실험, FRAP 실험을 실시하였다. 폴리페놀의 경우 18.99±0.69 mg/g으로 나타났다. 플라보노이드의 경우 11.89±1.16 mg/g으로 나타났다. DPPH 실험에서는 19.78 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, ABTS 실험에서는 63.64 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, NO 실험에서는 7.966 mg ascorbic acid / g extract의 항산화능을 나타내었다. FRAP에서는 쌍발이모자반 추출물의 1 mg이 ascorbic acid 2.089 ㎍의 환원력을 보였다. 한편 세포실험에서는 세포 독성과 LPS로 유도된 염증에 대한 항염능을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 모든 농도에서 80%이상의 세포 생존률을 보였으며, NO 생성 억제능의 경우 100 ㎍/mL 농도에서 30.64±0.23%의 염증 억제능을 보여 쌍발이모자반 추출물이 항염능을 가진 화장품 원료로서 사용가능함을 보였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 불레기말 추출물의 항산화능 및 항염활성을 확인하였다. 라디컬 소거능으로서 DPPH, ABTS, nitrite 소거능 실험, FRAP 실험, 항산화 물질 측정으로서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 농도 측정을 실시하였다. DPPH 실험에서는 2.821 mg ascorbic acid / g의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, ABTS 실험에서는 3.923 mg ascorbic acid / g의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, nitrite 소거능 실험에서는 17.89 mg ascorbic acid / g의 항산화능을 나타내었다. FRAP에서는 불레기말 추출물의 1 mg이 ascorbic acid 2.062±0.177 ㎍의 환원력을 보였다. 폴리페놀 농도는 62.85±3.18 mg/g으로 나타났다. 플라보노이드 농도는 10.01±0.24 mg/g으로 나타났다. 한편 세포실험에서는 세포독성과 항염활성을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 20% 이하의 세포 독성을 보였으며, 100 ㎍/mL 농도에서 30.93±2.93%의 염증 억제능을 보여 불레기말 추출물의 기능성 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.160-168
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng saponin extracts on the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of mouse thymus in vivo and mouse thymocytes in vitro. The saponin fractions of red ginseng (R-SAP) and white ginseng (Wl-SAP) were provided by the Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute, and the other saponin fraction of white ginseng (W2-SAP) was extracted in our laboratory. 1. The male ICR mice (3~4 wk old; weighing 15$\pm$2 g) were given by each saponin fraction of 5 mg/kg/ day for 4 days, and at one hour after the last treatment, they were injected by deuamethasone (5 mg/kg : DX). The mouse thymus was extracted at 6 hours after DX injection, and they were stained with hematoxylin-eosin reagents and an Apop-Tag kit, respectively, and the thymocytes prepared from it were labelled with anti-mouse FITC-anti-CD4 and anti-mouse PE-anti-CD8 and then analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). DX-induced reduction of thymus weight was significantly attenuated by W2- SAP but was not affected by other saponin fractions. And DX-induced apoptotic death of thymocytes, appeared in the histologic findings of the thymus, was inhibited by the saponin fractions and the order of these inhibitory potencies was R-SAP》W2-SAP>Wl-SAP. However, in respect of T cell receptors, the differentiation of thymocytes seems not to be changed by treatments with DX or/and the saponin fractions. 2. In the primary thymocyte culture, the DX-induced reduction of thymocyte MTT values was rather greater in RPMI 1640 medium of IWc fetal bovine serum (FBS) or horse serum (HS). In addition, the DX-Induced MTT reduction was significantly inhibited by R-SAP or W2-SAP, in the culture using that medium of 5% FBS or HS. But these saponin fraction did not effected the DX-induced reduction of thymocyte MTT value in primary culture of 10% FBS or 10% HS. These results suggest that R-SAP and some W-SAP fractions may protect thymocyte from stress or glucocorticoisteroid-induced death of them.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권2호통권89호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1999

잔나비걸상 Elfvingia applananta 자실체의 수용성물질 EA의 vesicular stomatitis virus[New Jersey serotype, VSV(NJ)]에 대한 항바이러스효과를 plaque reduction assay에 따라 실험한 결과 EA는 용량의존적으로 plaque 형성을 억제하였으며 $EC_{50}$는 2.10 mg/ml이었다. 단백질성 항바이러스제인 interferon(IFN)과 EA와의 병용시험 결과 f(a)가 0.50에서 0.90인 유효농도범위에서 IFN alpha와 병용시 f(a)의 값이 커짐에 따라 상가작용 내지는 길항작용을 나타내었으며, IFN gamma와의 병용시에는 길항작용을 나타내었다. 따라서 IFN alpha와의 병용시 f(a)가 0.50내지 0.70의 유효농도 범위에서 상가효과가 있다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2006

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from rice husk via sulphuric acid treatment. After preparation and washing, the wet carbon with moisture content 85% was used in its wet status in this study due to its higher reactivity towards Cr(VI) than the dry carbon. The interaction of Cr(VI) and the carbon was studied and two processes were investigated in terms of kinetics and equilibrium namely Cr(VI) removal and chromium sorption. Cr(VI) removal and chromium sorption were studied at various initial pH (1.6-7), for initial Cr(VI) concentration (100 mg/l). At equilibrium, maximum Cr(VI) removal occurred at low initial pH (1.6-2) where, Cr(III) was the only available chromium species in solution. Cr(VI) removal, at such low pH, was related to the reduction to Cr(III). Maximum chromium sorption (60.5 mg/g) occurred at initial pH 2.8 and a rise in the final pH was recorded for all initial pH studied. For the kinetic experiments, approximate equilibrium was reached in 60-100 hr. Cr(VI) removal data, at initial pH 1.6-2.4, fit well pseudo first order model but did not fit pseudo second order model. At initial pH 2.6-7, Cr(VI) removal data did not fit, anymore, pseudo first order model, but fit well pseudo second order model instead. The change in the order of Cr(VI) removal process takes place in the pH range 2.4-2.6 under the experimental conditions. Other two models were tested for the kinetics of chromium sorption with the data fitting well pseudo second order model in the whole range of pH. An increase in cation exchange capacity, sorbent acidity and base neutralization capacity was recorded for the carbon sorbent after the interaction with acidified Cr(VI) indicating the oxidation processes on the carbon surface accompanying Cr(VI) reduction.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템은 주파수 선택적 페이딩(frequency selective fading)과 협대역 간섭(narrowband interference)에 강한 전송 방식으로 대용량 데이터 통신에 적합하다. 하지만 독립적으로 변조된 많은 부반송파들의 중첩으로 신호의 진폭이 증가하여 PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)이 증가하는 문제가 발생한다. PAPR 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안된 PTS(Partial Transmit Sequence) 기법은 OFDM 신호를 부블록으로 나눈 후 위상 가중치를 곱하여 PAPR을 감소시킬 수 있지만, 위상 가중치를 탐색하는 과정에서 계산의 복잡도가 부블록 수에 따라 지수적으로 증가하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 PTS 기법의 위상 탐색 과정에 최적화 기법인 변형된 Greedy 알고리즘과 PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) 알고리즘을 조합한 MG-PSO(Modified Greedy algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization) 알고리즘을 적용한 구조를 제안하였다. 이 구조는 PTS 기법의 위상 탐색 과정에서 계산 복잡도가 지수적으로 증가하는 문제를 해결하고 PAPR 감소 성능도 보장할 수 있다. 제안하는 알고리즘을 통신 시스템에 적용하였을 때 PAPR 감소 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the characteristics of plgment wastewater and the removal rates of appropriate treatment by physical, chemical and biological Process, and the possibility of reuse for effluent. Based on the results, the wastewater qualities of pigment were pH 5.1$\pm$3.4, temperature 43.0$\pm$ 15.$0^{\circ}C$, BOD 1,431.4$\pm$589.6mg/l, COD 2,282.8$\pm$466.5mg/l, turbidity 1,340$\pm$820NTU, color 243.0$\pm$147.0unit, Pb 36.5$\pm$9.5mg/l and $Cr^+6$ 10.3$\pm$ 1.3mg/l, respectively. The removal rates of adsorption by activated carbon and filter process were BOD 40.6% , COD 57.0% , turbidity 89.6%, color 87.2%, Pb 86.0% and $Cr^+6$ 10.6%, respectively. And the removal rates of reduction, neutralization, coagulation and aP floatation process were BOD 18.2%, COD 24.3%, turbidity 74.3%, color 56.7%, Pb 68.6% and $Cr^+6$ 97.8%, respectively. The removal rates of activated sludge process were BOD 95.9%, COD 86.0%, turbidity 27.8%, color 25. 2%. Pb 26.9% and $Cr^+6$ 50.0% , respectively. The total removal rates of treatment by physical, chemical and biological process were BOD 98.0% , COD 95.4%, turbidity 98.1%, color 95.8%, Pb 97.0% and $Cr^+6$ 99.0%, respectively. According to the test results for possibility of reuse with coagulation-adsorption by activated carbon process of effluent, COD was higher than that of raw water and others were similar to that of raw water thus, it Is considered to be reused.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.851-858
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• 2001

One of the important phase of black titanium oxide is $Ti_4O_7$ which has the excellent properties such as the greatest electrical conductivity among the titanium oxides, chemical resistance against acidic and alkalic conditions and electro-wave absorption etc., so it has been considered as a promising material to be used widely all over the parts of industries. In this study, $Ti_4O_7$ phase was successfully synthesized by the reaction of TiO$_2$/ Mg system. With the change of the mole of TiO$_2$to Mg, the most excellent blackness was appeared in the 3.5 mole which was the smaller amount than the stoichiometric 4.0 mole. In addition, we found that the blackness decreased as the mole ratio of reactent increased. With decreasing particle size of magnesium, blackness of titanium oxide increased. The reaction property was changed with the compaction pressure, and optimum pressure was found to be 10 MPa. At 55$0^{\circ}C$ of reduction temperature, the blackness increased as the reaction time increased. The blackness of synthesized black titanium oxide was 14 to 18, and the average particle size was 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$.