• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2023

Oil was extracted from cashew nuts. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were determined. A chromatographic assay of the oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Seventeen compounds were detected: Phenol, Phenol 2-methyl-, Cyclohexene 4, 4-dimethyl-, m-Fluoro-2-diazoacetophenone 4-dimethyl-, Tetradecanoic acid, Phenol 4-octyl-, n-Hexadecanoic acid. Others are 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Dodecanoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)-, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Among the components are omega three and omega six essential free fatty acids. The rheological profiling and flow properties of cashew nut oil were determined using a Programmable Rheometer. Cashew nut oil exhibits slight dilatant behaviour at the low end of shear rate. The long chain and high molecular weight of its constituents controlled its rheology. Long-chained 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Tetracosanoic acid and methyl stearate, coupled with their high molecular weights are responsible for the shear thickening effect observed. Two models, Carreau-Yasuda and Ostwald-de Waele Power Law were employed to fit the rheological data. The Carreau-Yasuda model followed well the data.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 1981

The reaction rates for the transesterification reaction were measured on the excess sucrose with the five fatty acid methyl ester systems such as methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and methyl oleate at temperature range of $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and potassium carbonate as a catalyst. Their activation parameters as well as rate constants were calculated from these measurements. And these reactions were found to be pseudo-first order and depended mainly on the structural changes in fatty acid residue of methyl esters. Also their reactions were found to be of enthalpy-controlled, which were disfavored in the order of methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. Correspondingly their activation energies were 9.3, 9.9, 10.3, 10.9 and 11.1 kcal/mole, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2011

The variations of molar conductivity of various surfactants such as sodium caprylate, sodium laurate, sodium palmitate, sodium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and lithium dodecyl sulphate with concentrations of the surfactants for each of the solutions consisting of mixtures of varying concentrations of N-methyl acetamide in water at constant temperature of $30{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ were studied. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for each surfactant is measured. It is found that the CMC values in mixtures of N-methyl acetamide and water solutions of various surfactants are lower than the CMC values in water, and the driving force for micelle formation correlates with solvophobicity. The surfactant-solvent interactions that drive amphiphilic self-organization in N-methyl acetamide in water are discussed. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated for micellar system to explain the results.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 2015

The MPPO (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide) was prepared by using various polymerization inhibitors such as BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), TBC (4-tert-butylcatechol), and copper stearate. The MPPO was confirmed by the analysis using FTIR, $^1H$-NMR, and GC/MS regardless of the type of inhibitors. The yield of MPPO increased with the increase of reaction time, whereas the purity of MPPO decreased slightly. The yield and purity of MPPO increased with temperature, but the MPPO prepared by using copper stearate as a polymerization inhibitor exhibited no changes in the purity. The amount of inhibitors had no effect on the yield of MPPO. The purity of MPPOs increased with the amount of inhibitors, but the MPPO prepared by using BHT showed no changes of the purity. We found that the MPPO prepared by using copper stearate exhibited the highest catalytic activity for diphenylcarbodiimide synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1982

Transesterification reactions were carried out with myo-inositol and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl laurate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate and methyl oleate in the dimethylsulfoxide solvent. Their products were separated by both thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and myo-inositol monoesters were quantitatively separated by counter current distribution. We measured their surface tension, foaming power and emulsifying power, determined critical micelle concentrations by the color method, and evaluated their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The results show that myo-inositol monoesters exhibit surface activites.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.593-599
• /
• 2007

In this study, we examined the volatile flavor components in the mashes of takju prepared using different yeasts such as Saccharomyces coreanus, S. ellipsoideus, S. carlsbergensis, S. cerevisiae (Baker's yeast), and S, rouxii by GC and GC-MS. Fourteen alcohols, 13 esters, 5 acids, 3 aldehydes, 7 amines, and 2 other compounds were identified in the mash after 6 days of fermentation. On day 6, the takju fermented by S. coreanus had the greatest variety of volatile flavor components. Fifteen flavor components, including ethanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, methyl pentanol, 1,3-butanediol, 3-methylthio-1-propanol, benzeneethanol, ethyl lactate, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and 1,3-cyclohexane diamine, were typically detected in all the treatments. The relative peak areas of the volatile components were as follows: alcohols (96.758-99.387%), esters (0.081-0.968%), acids (0.040-0.640%), aldehydes (0.266-0.959%), and amines (0.011-0.047%). In particular, 1-propanol, isobutyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, trimethyl benzylalcohol, heptene-2,4-diol, ethyl lactate, diethyl succinate, ethyl nonanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, linoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and acetaldehyde were hish in the takju made by S. coreanus. Also, ethyl stearate was high in the takju made by S. carlsbergensis, and hexanoic acid was high in the takju made by S. cerevisiae. Finally, methyl pentanol, 1,3-butanediol, 3-methylthio-1-propanol, benzene ethanol, ethyl octadecanoate, acetic acid, pentanal, and 1,3-cyclohexane diamine were high in the takju made by S. rouxii.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

In the present study, three morpholine substituted crystal violet lactone (CVL) have been synthesized to monitor the thermochromic property. This work is explaining the role of substituent on the lactone ring. The methyl substituents induced greater chromic effects than the chloro substituents. Furthermore, the three-component mixtures that contained CVL, bisphenol-A, and methyl stearate were used to analyse the thermochromic effect of the CVLs as bulk samples with various temperature. The thermochromic properties of the CVLs were evaluated using solid-state UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Finally, one of the synthesized CVL has been successfully converted into the form of a test paper similar to pH paper for use as thermal indicators.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 2017

Bio-liquid is a liquid by-product of the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reaction, converting wet biomass into solid hydrochar, bio-liquid, and bio-gas. Since bio-liquid contains various compounds, it requires efficient sampling method to extract the target compounds from bio-liquid. In this research, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in bio-liquid was extracted based on hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and determined by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The well-known major components of biodiesel, including methyl myristate, palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate had been selected as standard materials for FAME analysis using HF-LPME. Physicochemical properties of bio-liquid was measured that the acidity was 3.30 (${\pm}0.01$) and the moisture content was 100.84 (${\pm}3.02$)%. The optimization of HF-LPME method had been investigated by varying the experimental parameters such as extraction solvent, extraction time, stirring speed, and the length of HF at the fixed concentration of NaCl salt. As a result, optimal conditions of HF-LPME for FAMEs were; n-octanol for extraction solvent, 30 min for extraction time, 1200 rpm for stirring speed, 20 mm for the HF length, and 0.5 w/v% for the concentration of NaCl. Validation of HF-LPME was performed with limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), dynamic range, reproducibility, and recovery. The results obtained from this study indicated that HF-LPME was suitable for the preconcentration method and the quantitative analysis to characterize FAMEs in bio-liquid generated from food waste via HTC reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.1965-1969
• /
• 2011

1,2,4,5-tetraoxane, mono and dinitrate glycerol carbonate ester derivatives of stearic acid were synthesized along with the known 9(10)-keto methyl sterate, methoxy mono-nitrate and dinitrate of methyl stearate. Their cetane numbers (CNs) were investigated to evaluate their viability for use as CN improvers. The CN performances of tetraoxane and all of the nitrate derivatives were investigated at 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations and compared to that of a traditional CN improver 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN). The experimental results suggest that all derivatives evaluated in this study showed better CN improvement than base diesel fuel. Specifically, the 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane derivative of stearic methyl ester was superior to all derivatives studied, also being superior to 2-EHN. We also discussed the correlations between the observed CN trends and thermo-analytical data resulted from thermo gravimetric analysis curves (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2015

In this study, anti-foaming agents of a fatty acid methyl esters was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy. Synthesized material of characteristic of -C=O group having a $1740cm^{-1}$ and -C-O group $1175cm^{-1}$ peak by using FT-IR, and it was confirmed that k. Surface tensions were measured by surface tensiometer CBVP-43. Their surface tension values was 17.7 to 21 dyne/cm. Anti-foaming abilities in the SLS solution was measured through the Ross-Miles method. Performance of the 4 type of anti-foaming agent was determined and the best anti-foaming agent was prepared using stearic acid methyl.