Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

Korean Chemical Society (대한화학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Synthesis and Evaluation of Stearic Acid Derivatives as Cetane Number Improvers

  • Rode, Ambadas B. (Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University) ;
  • Thajudeen, H. (Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University) ;
  • Chung, Keun-Woo (Green Chemistry Research Division, Surfactant and Lubricant Research Team, KRICT) ;
  • Kim, Young-Wun (Green Chemistry Research Division, Surfactant and Lubricant Research Team, KRICT) ;
  • Hong, In-Seok (Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2011.03.21
  • Accepted : 2011.04.30
  • Published : 2011.06.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

1,2,4,5-tetraoxane, mono and dinitrate glycerol carbonate ester derivatives of stearic acid were synthesized along with the known 9(10)-keto methyl sterate, methoxy mono-nitrate and dinitrate of methyl stearate. Their cetane numbers (CNs) were investigated to evaluate their viability for use as CN improvers. The CN performances of tetraoxane and all of the nitrate derivatives were investigated at 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations and compared to that of a traditional CN improver 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN). The experimental results suggest that all derivatives evaluated in this study showed better CN improvement than base diesel fuel. Specifically, the 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane derivative of stearic methyl ester was superior to all derivatives studied, also being superior to 2-EHN. We also discussed the correlations between the observed CN trends and thermo-analytical data resulted from thermo gravimetric analysis curves (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Keywords

References

  1. Suppes, G. J.; Goff, M.; Burkhart, M. L.; Bockwinkel, K. Energy Fuels 2001, 15, 151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000122c
  2. McCormick, R. L.; Graboski, M. S.; Alleman, T. L.; Herring, A. M.; Tyson, K. S. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1742. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001636t
  3. Zinenko, S. A.; Egorov, S. A.; Makarov, A. A.; Sharin, E. A.; Manaenkov, V. M.; Bakaleinik, A. M. Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils 2002, 38, 303. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021278414010
  4. Danilov, A. M. Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils 2001, 37, 444. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014231230570
  5. Schabron, J. F.; Fuller, M. P. Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2599. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00251a045
  6. Pinto, A. C.; Guarieiro, L. L. N.; Rezende, M. J. C.; Ribeiro, N. M.; Torres, E. A.; Lopes, W. A.; Pereira, P. A. P.; De Andrade, J. B. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2005, 16, 1313. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532005000800003
  7. Pimentel, M. F.; Ribeiro, G. M. G. S.; Cruz, R. S.; Stragevitch, L.; Pacheco Filho, J. G. A.; Teixeira, L. S. G. Microchem. J. 2006, 82, 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2006.01.019
  8. Downstream Alternatives Inc. Changes in gasoline III. Bremen, IN, 1996.
  9. Knothe, G.; Matheaus, A. C.; Ryan, T. W. Fuel 2003, 82, 971. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00382-4
  10. Suppes, G. J.; Dasari, M. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 5042. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie030015g
  11. Proirier, M. A.; Steere, D. E.; Krogh, J. A. US Patent 5454842, 1995.
  12. Suppes, G. J.; Chen, Z.; Rui, Y.; Mason, M.; Heppert, J. A. Fuel 1999, 78, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00126-4
  13. Serdari, A.; Lois, E.; Stournas, S. Int. J. Energy Res. 2000, 24, 455. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(200004)24:5<455::AID-ER602>3.0.CO;2-5
  14. Rode, A. B.; Chung, K.; Kim, Y. W.; Hong, I. S. Energy & Fuels 2010, 24, 2636.
  15. Khan, N. A.; Deatherage, F. E.; Brown, J. B. Organic Syntheses 1963, 4, 851.
  16. Myddleton, W. W.; Barrett, A. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 2258. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01408a018
  17. Suppes, G. J.; Dasari, M. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 5042. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie030015g
  18. Suppes, G.J.; Goff, M.; Burkhart, M. L.; Bockwinkel, K. Energy & Fuels 2001, 15, 151. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000122c
  19. Gruber, W.; Machemer, H.; US Patent 2332849, 1943.
  20. Murphy, M. J.; Taylor, J. D.; McCormick, R. L. Compendium of experimental cetane number data. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, subcontractor report, 2004, SR- 540-36805.
  21. Mouloungui, Z.; Pelet, S. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2001, 103, 216. https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200104)103:4<216::AID-EJLT216>3.0.CO;2-J
  22. Mc Donnell, K.; Ward, S.; Leahy, J. J.; McNulty, P. JAOCS 1999, 76, 539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0001-y