• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2021

Urban green spaces supply ecosystem services (ESs), which are consumed by city residents and generate demand, to improve air quality. It is important to determine supply and demand for ESs and reduce the gap for efficient management. This study proposed a method to use the concept of supply and demand for ESs in the decision-making process for urban planning or management. PM₁₀ concentrations were converted to weight for demand assessment on PM₁₀ reduction, and PM₁₀ absorption capacity of all green spaces including the forests, and that of urban green spaces excluding forests, was calculated for each supply assessment. The differences in the calculated supply and demand were analyzed to derive the mismatched regions in Suwon. As a result, regions with big forested areas showed sufficient supply, indicating that the degree of mismatch among administrative neighborhoods (dong) varied greatly depending on whether they had a forest. An analysis of only urban green spaces showed that all neighborhoods lacked supply. Forests with high PM₁₀ absorption capacity had a great effect, but urban green spaces can be considered a key element in reducing PM₁₀ in daily life. Considering the mismatch of supply and demand, spatial distribution, and population distribution, it is possible to prioritize the supply of urban green spaces to reduce PM₁₀ and, furthermore, support decision making for priority zones subject to forest conservation and designation and cancellation of green spaces, which gives significance to this study.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1994

This study is to analyse probability distribution characteristics of water supply demand. Two cities located near Seoul were selected as study areas. In this study, two probalility distribution types were tested using the K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov) method. The K-S method was used to prove the goodness of the selected distribution type. And also, the goodness of maximum day demand to average day demand ratio which was obtained by field data was tested. Conclusions are as follows. 1.Bothl normal distribution type and lognormal distribution type are appropriate as the probalility distribution type for the water supply demand. 2. The probability distribution characteristics can be used to test the goodness of the maximum day to average day demand ratio.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2019

To evaluate the available groundwater supply to the agricultural water demand in the future with the climate change scenarios for 40 sub-regions in Jeju Island, groundwater recharge and the available groundwater supply were estimated using water balance analysis method. Groundwater recharge was calculated by subtracting the actual evapotranspiration and direct runoff from the total amount of water resources and available groundwater supply was set at 43.6% from the ratio of the sustainable groundwater capacity to the groundwater recharge. According to the RCP 4.5 scenario, the available groundwater supply to the agricultural water demand is estimated to be insufficient in 2020 and 2025, especially in the western and eastern regions of the island. However, such a water shortage problem is alleviated in 2030. When applying the RCP 8.5 scenario, available groundwater supply can't meet the water demand over the entire decade.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine disconnection between supply and demand shipping market, which means shipowner has determined to raise capacity in bust period. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be applied is first to look into conceptual theory about shipping market, and then to study imbalance of supply and demand situations in shipping on crisis, and next, to analyses paradoxical aspects traced. Results - Shipping market is a volatile and cyclic characteristics, and its situations have to be examined very carefully. Since financial crisis has broken up in 2008, it is natural to think that world trade volumes has reduced rapidly, which means demand for shipping service has fallen, and accordingly, tonnage should be stagnated as well. However, shipping companies have put capacity into market as unexpectedly. This is because of economy of scale and time lag. Here, this can be explained in terms of paradox that is proved in this paper. Conclusions - From careful research in this paper, it is found that supply and demand are not always got along with market situations, in other words supply side could be working well, in spite of depression time of demand situations in world shipping markets.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2009

It is well known that the trend of water demand in large-size water supply systems has been suddenly changed, and many expansions of water supply facilities become unnecessary. To be cost-effective, thus, politicians as well as many professionals lay stress on the adaptive management of water supply facilities. Failure in adapting to the new trend of demand is sure to be the most critical reason of unnecessary expansions. Hence, we try to develop the model and modeling procedure that do not depend on the old data of demand, and provide engineers with the fast learning process. To forecast water demand of Seoul, the Bayesian parameter estimation was applied, which is a representative method for statistical pattern recognition. It results that we can get a useful time-series model after observing water demand during 6 years, although trend of water demand were suddenly changed.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.161-186
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• 2008

우리나라 사서교사의 양성현황과 수요전망을 통해서 사서교사 양성체제와 수급의 문제점을 지적하고 대안을 제시하였다. 특히 사서교사의 교육체제, 양성기관 현황 및 양성인원을 바탕으로 사서교사의 양성능력을 전망하고, 사서교사 선발현황과, 한국도서관협회 기준, 학교도서관진흥법의 기준을 적용하여 필요한 사서교사의 수요를 분석하였다. 그 결과 사서교사 수급불균형의 문제점을 지적하였고, 미래의 수요에 필요한 적정 인원을 양성하기 위한 방법으로 일반대학 문헌정보학과 교직과정 승인인원의 재조정과 사범대학의 문헌정보교육과의 신설을 제안하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2014

The impact and adaption on agricultural water resources considering climate change is significant for reservoirs. The change in rainfall patterns and hydrologic factors due to climate change increases the uncertainty of agricultural water supply and demand. The quantitative evaluation method of uncertainty based on agricultural water resource management under future climate conditions is a major concern. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the vulnerability management technique for agricultural water supply based on a probabilistic and stochastic risk evaluation theory. The objective of this study was to analyse the uncertainty of water resources under future climate change using probability distribution function of water supply in agricultural reservoir and demand in irrigation district. The uncertainty of future water resources in agricultural reservoirs was estimated using the time-specific analysis of histograms and probability distributions parameter, for example the location and the scale parameter. According to the uncertainty analysis, the future agricultural water supply and demand in reservoir tends to increase the uncertainty by the low consistency of the results. Thus, it is recommended to prepare a resonable decision making on water supply strategies in terms of using climate change scenarios that reflect different future development conditions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.418-419
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• 2006

After electricity power industry restructuring, "Long term power development plan", setting up by government, is replaced by "Basic plan of electricity supply and demand". In this basic plan, one of the most important factors is assessment of appropriate capacity margin. The benefit of GENCO is decided by the market price, and the price is largely affected by the level of reserve margin. As a consequence, appropriate reserve margin is determined by market power. However, Cost Based Pool(CBP) is a limited competitive market, and government policy for supply and demand is very important factor or reserve margin determination. This paper points out issues about existing reserve margin assessment method which is used in basic plan and suggests improved assessment method. In the case study, capacity margin is calculated by proposed assessment method and result shows the advantages of suggested method.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2001

The most important task in Korean dairy industry is to keep the seasonal and annual balance of raw milk supply and demand. Too much surplus milk supply which causes dumping sale of market milk makes dairy industries get in trouble of management, and eventually affects to farmers and consumers economically. As balancing of supply and demand is so important in the fee economic market system, the adaption of the quota system of milk production and seasonal price differentiation has been recommended very often as a method of controlling the milk supply and demand. However, this recommendation did not go through successfully due to the strong objection of dairy farmers. Recently, the voice of consumer's requirement for safer and more hygienic, and high protein, low fat level dairy product is getting stronger. By knowledge of this kind changes, quality improvement in nutrients and hygiene is the most positive way to expand the volume of milk consumption. To meet the consumer's demand, therefore, it is necessary to revise the level of milk fat content and the hygienic grading system for the payment system of raw milk.

• 에너지공학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 전력수급기본계획에 열병합발전설비의 최적용량을 반영할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하였으며 이에 따른 효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 열병합발전의 계획발전원가를 새로이 산정하여 심사곡선법(Screening Curve Method : SCM)을 이용한 정태적 최적 전원을 구성하였다. 이때, 열병합발전은 전기와 열을 생산하는 것이 가장 중요한 특징이므로 이를 고려할 수 있도록 열병합발전의 전기용량과 열용량을 모두 고려할 수 있는 계획발전원가를 도출하였다. 또한, 심사곡선법을 적용시키기 위한 부하지속곡선의 경우도 열병합발전의 특징을 고려하여 전기 및 열 부하지속곡선을 구성하여 적용하였다. 이때, 현재 수립된 전력 수급기본계획을 최대한 수정하지 않는 범위 내에서 열병합발전설비를 반영하도록 하였다. 열병합발전 건설계획을 반영한 계획안의 타당성을 증명하기 위해서 열병합발전 건설계획을 반영한 계획안과 전력수급기본계획을 비교 하였다. 즉, 발전량 기대치를 산출하여 발전원별 연료소비량 및 환경에 미치는 영향을 도출함으로써 열병합발전의 반영에 대한 효율성을 입증하였다.