• 제목/요약/키워드: Methionine ${\gamma}$-lyase

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Production of methionine γ- lyase in recombinant Citrobacter freundii bearing the hemoglobin gene

  • Kahraman, Huseyin;Aytan, Emel;Kurt, Ash Giray
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제44권9호
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    • pp.590-594
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    • 2011
  • The production of antileukemic enzyme methionine ${\gamma}$-lyase (MGL) in distinctly related bacteria, Citrobacter freundii and in their recombinants expressing the Vitresocilla hemoglobin (VHb) has been studied. This study concerns the potential of Citrobacter freundii expressing the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) for the methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production. Methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production by Citrobacter freundii and its $vgb^-$ and $vgb^+$ bearing recombinant strain was studied in shake-flasks under 200 rpm agitation, culture medium and $30^{\circ}C$ in a time-course manner. The $vgb^+$ and especially the carbon type had a dramatic effect on methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production. The $vgb^+$ strain of C. freundii had about 2-fold and 3.1-fold higher levels of MGL than the host and $vgb^-$ strain, respectively.

Regulation of Enzymes Involved in Methionine Biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum

  • Yeom, Hye-Jin;Hwang, Byung-Joon;Lee, Myong-Sok;Kim, Youn-Hee;Lee, Heung-Shick
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.373-378
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    • 2004
  • The regulatory mechanism of methionine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed at the protein arid gene expression level. O-Acetylhomoserine sulfhydraylase (encoded by metY) was inhibited by 10 mM methionine to a residual activity of 10% level, whereas no such inhibition was found with cystathionine $\gamma$-synthase (encoded by metB) and cystathionine $\beta$-lyase (encoded by metC). The enzymatic activity of homoserine acetyltransferase (encoded by metX) was repressed to a residual activity of 25% level by 10 mM methionine which was added to the growth medium. Cystathionine $\gamma$-synthase and cystathionine $\beta$-lyase were also repressed by 10 mM methionine, but only to a residual activity of 50-70% level. O-Acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase was very sensitive to repression by 10 mM methionine, showing residual activity of 13%. In addition, homoserine acetyltransferase was also repressed by 10 mM cysteine to 50% of its original activity. No repression of the enzymes by S-adenosyl methionine was observed. The pattern of repression by methionine indicated that the metB and aecD genes might be regulated by a common mechanism, while the metA and metY genes are differently regulated.

인간 Cystathionine ${\gamma}$-Lyase에 의한 Selenomethionine의 Methylselenol로의 직접분해 (Direct Conversion of L-Selenomethionine into Methylselenol by Human Cystathionine ${\gamma}$-Lyase)

  • 조현남;지광환
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2014
  • Selenium(Se)은 사람에게 필수성분이지만 독성이 강한 물질이다. 따라서 생체에서 Se(셀레늄)의 농도조절은 정확하고 효율적으로 이루어져야 한다. 사람은 Se을 음식의 형태로 섭취해야 하고 주로 seleno-L-methionine (L-SeMet)의 형태로 섭취한다. 섭취된 L-SeMet은 methionine 대사와 동일한 효소를 이용하여 Se-adenosyl-L-SeMet으로 대사된다고 알려져 있었다. 그러나 최근 쥐의 간 추출물의 실험에서, L-SeMet이 cystathionine ${\gamma}$-lyase (mouse CGL)의 작용으로 methylselenol ($CH_3SeH$)로 직접적으로 대사된다는 보고가 있었다. CGL은 원래 cystathionine을 L-cysteine과 ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate, 그리고 $NH_3$로 분해하는 효소로 알려져 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 쥐의 간 추출물 대신에 인간의 CGL을 분리 정제하여 L-SeMet에서 methylselenol의 형성을 확인하고자 하였다. Methylselenol의 표준시료는 dimethyldiselenide를 sodium tetrahydroborate로 환원시켜 준비하였다. 그리고 L-SeMet을 기질로 사용한 효소 반응액 중에서 가스상의 생성물은 GC/MS 스펙트럼으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 methylselenol의 유도체인 dinitrophenyl selenoether와 일치하였다. 또한 인간 CGL이 L-SeMet에서 methylselenol을 형성하는 반응의 kinetic parameter를 mouse CGL과 비교 분석하였다. 결과적으로 human CGL은 섭취된 L-SeMet의 대사를 책임지고 있는 중요한 효소이다.

Characterization of Homocysteine ${\gamma}$-Lyase from Submerged and Solid Cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus ASH (JX006238)

  • El-Sayed, Ashraf S.;Khalaf, Salwa A.;Aziz, Hani A.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.499-510
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    • 2013
  • Among 25 isolates, Aspergillus fumigatus ASH (JX006238) was identified as a potent producer of homocysteine ${\gamma}$-lyase. The nutritional requirements to maximize the enzyme yield were optimized under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions, resulting in a 5.2- and 2.3-fold increase, respectively, after the last purification step. The enzyme exhibited a single homogenous band of 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE, along with an optimum pH of 7.8 and pH stability range of 6.5 to 7.8. It also showed a pI of 5.0, as detected by pH precipitation with no glycosyl residues. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at $37-40^{\circ}C$, with a $T_m$ value of $70.1^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed clear catalytic and thermal stability below $40^{\circ}C$, with $T_{1/2}$ values of 18.1, 9.9, 5.9, 3.3, and 1.9 h at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme $K_r$ values were 0.002, 0.054, 0.097, 0.184, and 0.341 $S^{-1}$ at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme displayed a strong affinity to homocysteine, followed by methionine and cysteine when compared with non-S amino acids, confirming its potency against homocysteinuria-related diseases, and as an anti-cardiovascular agent and a specific biosensor for homocysteinuria. The enzyme showed its maximum affinity for homocysteine ($K_m$ 2.46 mM, $K_{cat}\;1.39{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$), methionine ($K_m$ 4.1 mM, $K_{cat}\;0.97{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$), and cysteine ($K_m$ 4.9 m M, $K_{cat}\;0.77{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$). The enzyme was also strongly inhibited by hydroxylamine and DDT, confirming its pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) identity, yet not inhibited by EDTA. In vivo, using Swiss Albino mice, the enzyme showed no detectable negative effects on platelet aggregation, the RBC number, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or creatinine titer when compared with negative controls.

Weissella cibaria CMU suppresses mgl gene expression and enzyme activity associated with bad breath

  • Kim, Hyun-Jin;Yeu, Ji-Eun;Lee, Dong-Suk;Kang, Mi-Sun
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.152-159
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    • 2019
  • The oral care probiotic strain Weissella cibaria CMU (oraCMU) inhibits volatile sulphur compounds associated with halitosis, presumably by inhibiting the growth of associated oral pathogens. In the present study, we investigated whether oraCMU inhibits the production of these compounds by suppressing the expression of mgl. This gene encodes L-methionine-α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane-lyase (METase) and is involved in the production of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, we specifically investigated the effects of oraCMU on the growth, CH3SH production, METase activity, and mgl expression of P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cell-free supernatant and secreted proteins from oraCMU were 125 mg/mL and 800 ㎍/mL, respectively. At sub-minimum inhibitory concentration levels, these metabolites inhibited CH3SH production, but they also reduced P. gingivalis viability. Only heat-killed oraCMU decreased CH3SH production without affecting P. gingivalis viability. Heat-killed oraCMU also inhibited METase activity toward L-methionine and mgl mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In summary, we demonstrated the inhibition of volatile sulphur compounds via the antimicrobial action of oraCMU and, for the first time, the inhibition of such compounds by heat-killed oraCMU, which occurred at the molecular level.

Purification and Properties of HPS (Halitosis Prevention Substance) Isolated from Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed

  • Kang, Eun-Ju;Ryu, Il-Hwan;Lee, Kap-Sang
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.621-627
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    • 2005
  • Halitosis is mainly caused by the presence of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC's) produced by proteolytic periodontopathic bacteria in the oral cavity. Various mouth-rinses have been offered on the market as solutions to reduce halitosis. The aim of this study was to find a potent substance for the prevention of halitosis. The halitosis prevention substance (HPS) from cumin seed powder was purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC to yield an oil phase (0.98%). Instrumental analysis such as FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR showed that HPS contained an -OH group, -HC=CH-, -COO-, and long chain acyl group. HPS was therefore determined to be 2-hydroxyethyl-${\beta}$-undecenate. HPS inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, by 72.44% and 64.37% at $1{\times}10^{-2}\;M$, and by 99.85% and 91.62% at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$, respectively. It also inhibited the activity of L-methionine-${\alpha}$-deamino-${\gamma}$-mercaptomethane-lyase (METase), which was produced by oral microbes. Furthermore, the VSC production by oral microbes in the human mouth air decreased with increasing HPS concentration. These results suggested that HPS from cumin seed is an efficient halitosis prevention agent.