• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.199-207
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• 2019

This study was a convergence study of pre- and post-treatment clinical outcomes and radiologic results of school aged flexible flat foot using insole inserted indoor sandal. Thirty five subjects were asked to wear insole inserted indoor sandals at least five times a week and at least four hours a day. Before and after the $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ week of the treatment, foot radiography and FAOS questionnaire were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure ANOVA. The clinical results showed statistically significant improvement in FAOS symptom and pain category. Radiological results showed a tendency of improvement in the Anterioposterior Talo-$1^{st}$ Metatarsal angle, the Lateral Talo-$1^{st}$ Metatarsal angle, and the Talo-Horizontal angle, but no statistical significance was found. In this study, the use of insole inserted indoor sandal during the majority of the indoor life in school aged flexible flat foot patients is effective in alleviating symptoms and pain relief in the short term.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the results of proximal and distal chevron osteotomy in patients with severe hallux valgus. Several recent studies have shown that the indications for distal metatarsal osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure could be extended to include severe hallux valgus. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 127 severe hallux valgus surgeries. Of these, 76 patients (76 feet) were excluded for lack of adequate follow-up and additional procedures (Akin procedure), leaving 51 patients (51 feet) in the study. The mean age of the patients was 58 years (21~83 years), and the mean follow-up duration was 18 months (12~32 months). The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent distal chevron osteotomy, and group 2 underwent proximal chevron osteotomy performed sequentially by a single surgeon. The patients were interviewed for the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score before and one year after surgery. The anteroposterior weight-bearing radiography of the foot was taken before and one year after surgery. Results: There were no significant differences in pain and function after one year in either group. Both groups experienced significant pain reduction and an increase in the AOFAS score. Significant improvement of the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angle corrections was observed in both groups, and the sesamoid position was similar in each group. More improvement in radiographic correction of intermetatarsal angle was noted in group 2. Both procedures gave similar good clinical and radiological outcomes. Conclusion: This study suggests that a distal chevron osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure is as effective and reliable a means of correcting severe hallux valgus as a proximal chevron osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.156-160
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• 2018

Purpose: Chronic tophaceous gout is a painful and disabling inflammatory disease. Surgical treatment for chronic tophaceous gout is very difficult with many complications. This study evaluated the efficacy of shortening scarf osteotomy on the treatment of chronic tophaceous gout in the 1st metatarso-phalangeal (MTP) joint. Materials and Methods: From January 2006 to December 2015, 14 patients (19 cases) who underwent axial shortening scarf osteotomy for chronic tophaceous gout were reviewed. All patients were male. The average age at the time of surgery was 59.6 years (42~66 years). The minimum follow-up was 24 months. Total removal of the tophi mass with the adhered medial capsule of the 1st MTP joint was attempted. Axial shortening scarf osteotomy was done on the 1st metatarsal shaft. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The range of motion (ROM) of the 1st MTP joint was also compared pre- and postoperatively. Results: The average size of the extracted tophaceous mass was 32 mm. The mean amount of the length of metatarsal shortening was 4.9 mm. The mean ROM of the 1st MTP joint was improved from $30.4^{\circ}$ to $62.3^{\circ}$. The mean AOFAS forefoot score improved from 51.4 to 86.6 points. The mean VAS for pain improved from 4.6 to 0.3 points. Conclusion: The axial shortening scarf osteotomy used on chronic tophaceous gout could reconstruct the 1st MTP joint with an improved ROM and was free of pain. Axial shortening scarf osteotomy is suggested as a useful and effective method for the treatment of chronic tophaceous gout.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1587-1594
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• 2011

Live weight, body length, hip and shoulder heights, heart girth, and metatarsal length were measured on 100 one to two years old Bali (Bos javanicus) bulls. Multiple regression of these measurements on live weight gave a prediction equation involving heart girth and body length (prediction $R^2$ = 0.845). These measurements were also used to derive several frame scores (FS). Live weight (Lwt) divided by FS was used as an index of body condition. Lwt/(length+hip height) was normally distributed and highly correlated with other normally-distributed condition indexes. This index was used to define five body condition scores. These were used to develop a five-point body condition scoring system in which the amount of fleshing over the vertebral processes, ribs, hindquarters, tail head, hooks, at the top of the neck, and the shoulders, the development of wrinkles in the skin above the hock and the neck, and the size of the dewlap, were used to describe the different body condition scores. Animals of score 1 had prominent hooks, shoulders, vertebrae and ribs, and hollow hindquarters and flat tailhead. Score 5 animals had rounded hindquarters, well-filled upper hind legs, small mounds of soft tissue were apparent on the tailhead, their hooks, necks, shoulders, vertebrae and ribs were well covered, and the dewlap was prominent.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 2006

Benign and malignant tumors are found in the foot, although the incidence is low. The most common bone tumor in the foot is osteochondroma, which is thought to develop in bones that form through the process of enchondral ossification. In particularly, osteochondromas in the foot mostly occur in metatarsal bones and phalanges. It is seldom found in talus. It is usually confused with osteophyte or enthesis. We report an osteochondroma case confirmed by roentgenographical and pathological investigation, after removing the masses form bilateral tali of a 19-year-old male patient presented with bilateral ankle joint pain for three years.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1997

Hallux valgus deformity has been slowly getting popular in Korea. Many surgical procedures are available for treating the hallux valgus, but it is still controversial for the best treatment. We operated 25 feet(15 patients) of hallux valgus between May. 88 and December. 94. The clinical results were as follow ; 1. Age distribution was 25 to 82, and all female. 10 patients have bilateral hallux valgus. 2. 19 feet were treated by soft tissue procedures only and 6 feet by combined soft tissue and bony procedures. 3. Bunion deformity was recurred in 2 feet (1 Patient) which were treated with modified McBride Method. 4. Lateral sesamoidectomies were performed in 7 feet without development of hallux varus. 5. The cosmetic and functional results were good in 6 cases treated by proximal metatarsal osteotomy. 6. 9 feet had other digits deformities, which need surgical correction. 7. Tightening repair of medial capsule seems to be important for prevention of recurrence of bunion.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in simple radiographic parameters and results of 3-D scan among normal and patient groups. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects in each group were studied. Control group consisted of subjects without plantar foot pain (normal group), and two patient groups were one with plantar forefoot pain (metatarsalgia group), the other with plantar heel pain (heel pain group). Simple radiographic parameters were obtained and 3-D scan was done with foot scanner (Nexscan, K&I, Korea) and The height and volumn of the space under the medial longitudinal arch was analyzed (Enfoot, K&I, Korea). These parameters were compared and correlation between radiological parameters and results of the 3-D scan were studied. Results: The results of all parameters istributed normally. There was no signigicant differences among the groups in radiological parameters (talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch angle and height of the talar head in standing lateral radiograph) and arch height and arch volumn on 3-D scan. There were statistically significant correlations between radiological and 3-D scan results. Conclusion: This study revealed that there is no significant differences in medial longitudinal arch height and volumn among normal and different patient groups and there are variety of arch height in patients with similar symptoms.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1984

Chick embryos received a single injection of actinomycin D($0.1{\mu}g,\;0.05{\mu}g\;or\;0.1{\mu}g$) or puromycin($10.0{\mu}g,\;30.0{\mu}g\;or\;50.0{\mu}g$) into the yolk sac of Arbor acres chick embryos either prior to incubation or at certain periods of time (48, 96 and 144 hours) after incubation. After 10days of incubation, surviving embryos were investigated morphologically and biochemically. Embryos treated with actinomycin D or puromycin showed a high mortality when they were exposed prior to incubation and at 48 hours after incubation. Electron micrographs of chondrocytes in tarso-metatarsal of antibiotics (actinomycin D or puromycin) treated embryos showed the destruction of cytoplasm and nuclei when they were exposed prior to incubation. Endoplasmic reticulum was expanded and mitochondria were damaged in chondrocytes of surving embryos treated with low doses at 48 hours, 96 hours or 144 hours after incubation. The activities of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in embryos treated with actinomycin D or puromycin were much less than those of the saline treated group. Also, the amounts of DNA, RNA and protein were greatly decreased.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Free flap transplantation demands meticulous microsurgical technique to cover the exposed vital structures which is important to restore and maintain functions of the extremities. From July 1992 through December 2000, 99 patients were received reconstructive microsurgery in the upper and lower extremity at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital. The most common cause in the upper extremity was industrial accident, 8 cases of total 15 cases and in the lower extremity was traffic accident, 66 cases of total 84 cases. The most commonly involved site was thumb and finger, 8 cases of total 15 cases and in the lower extremity was leg, 65 cases of total 84 cases. In upper extremity, the wrap around free flap was carried out in 4 cases(4.0%), first dorsal metatarsal artery flap and lateral arm flap were 3 cases(3.0%) each in 15 cases and in lower extremity, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap were 23 cases(23.2%), gracilis 20cases(20.2%), and rectus abdominis muscle flap 18(18.2%) in 84 cases. Overall 89 cases(89.9%) of 99 cases were survived and maintained and revealed good cosmetic results.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2008

Osteochodromas are the most common benign osseous neoplasm, covered by a distinct hyaline cartilage cap, originating from the physis. They involve typically metaphyseal or metadiaphyseal region of a long bone, while they involve the foot rarely. In the foot, the osteochondromas mostly occur in short tubular bones such as metatarsal bones and phalanges. They are seldom found in calcaneus. We report a rare case of osteochondroma involving calcaneus.