• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. Dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out to study the effect of dyeing conditions and mordanting effect on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness. FT-IR analysis supported that hydrolyzable tannins were contained in the extracted colorant. Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. Mordanting improved dye uptake regardless of mordant type, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabric with mordanting showed YR Munsell color except of the Fe($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) mordanted sample showing Y Munsell color. Colorfastness to rubbing and washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 3/4 except that the dyed samples with Fe mordanting showed grade 2. It is necessary to apply Metasequoia cone colorant onto other fibers, especially protein fibers, for evaluating its efficacy as a new natural dye resource.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2018

The objective was to investigate the efficacy of Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone colorants as a new functional dye for wool fiber. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for wool fiber. Compared with cotton and silk fibers, wool fiber showed better affinity for the Metasequoia cone colorants. Fe and Cu mordants improved dye uptake, and mordanting did not change the color of dyed fabric with YR Munsell color. Colorfastness to rubbing and washing was as good as grade 4, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 3. Antimicrobial activity of the colorants was very high 99.3% of reduction rate toward S. aureus. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorants can be utilized as a new functional natural dye for wool fiber. In addition, considering its high antimicrobial functionality it could be applied to cosmetics and food.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2008

A paleobotanical study of the Metasequoia has been carried out from the Miocene Keumkwangdong Formation of the non-marine Janggi Group in the Pohang Basin. As a result of this study, deciduous leafy shoots mostly belong to a single species of Metasequoia occidentalis. This species is characterized by its opposite leaves with decurrent base, and by its presence of scale leaf at base of petiole. This species is common in the Korean Tertiary floras in Miocene age, yet it has not been recorded in the Korean Peninsula after Miocene. Based on the distribution and ecology of extant Metasequoia. it is considered that the Metasequoia might have flourished in the fluvial plains as swamp forest.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally and functionally related zinc-dependent enzymes responsible for proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix components such as base membrane or interstitial stroma. MMPs play an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological tissue remodeling processes, including wound healing, embryo implantation, tumor invasion and metastasis. Since MMP-9 (gelatinase B) has unique ability to cleave type IV collagen, gene expression of MMP-9 has been focused on as a pharmacological target. Flavonoids are a class of compounds that are widely spread in plants. In the coures of screening for the suppressors of MMP-9 gene expression from natural products, Metasequoia glyptostroboides was selected. Six flavonoids, sciadopitysin, isoginkgetin, bilobetin, 2,3-dihydrohinokiflavone, luteolin and apigenin were purified as suppressors of MMP-9 gene expression from M. glyptostroboides. The suppressing activity of the isolated flavinoids on the MMP-9 gene expression was measured by gelatin zymography and Nothern blot analysis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2011

Essential oil was extracted from cones of metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) by steam distillation, fragrance was determined by sensorial analysis and chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction apparatus. Metasequia contained 0.40% of essential oil in the cone. Major impact fragrances of the essential oil were woody, coniferous and herbal, and minor impact fragrances were minty, spicy and oily. There were nine constituents in the essential oil : 8 hydrocarbons and 1 oxide. Constituents were limonene (66.18%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.11%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (6.66%), ${\beta}$-myrcene (5.92%), ${\beta}$-pinene (4.14%), caryophyllene oxide (2.39%), camphene (2.32%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene (0.85%), and tricyclene (0.43%). Herbal and minty frangrances could be due to limonene and ${\delta}$-3-carene, spicy frangrance to caryophyllene, woody and coniferous frangrances to ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene, and oily fragrance to camphene.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides, diffuse-porous wood Anthocephalus cadamba and ring-porouswood Fraxinus rhynchophylla. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest among all cells considered in Anthocephalus cadamba and Fraxinus rhynchophylla In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest depth and the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The large vessel of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Anthocephalus cadamba higher than the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of Metasequoia glyptostroboids leaves resulted in the isolation of ten compounds. The structures were determined to be isoquercitrin (1), quercitrin (2), myricitrin (3), amentoflavone (4), sciadopitysin (5), isoginkgetin (6), 2,3-dihydrosciadopitysin (7), 2,3-dihydroisoginkgetin (8), $3{\beta}$-acetoxy-8(17),13E-labdadien-15-oic acid (9) and $\beta$-sitosterol (10) by spectroscopic analyses. Isoquercitrin (1) was isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2014

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the depositional characteristics of several tree barks, including Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Platanus (Platanus), and Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). These were used as passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methods Tree barks were sampled from the same site. PBDEs were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometer, and the lipid content was measured using the gravimetric method by n-hexane extraction. Results Gingko contained the highest lipid content (7.82 mg/g dry), whereas pine (4.85 mg/g dry), Platanus (3.61 mg/g dry), and Metasequoia (0.97 mg/g dry) had relatively lower content. The highest total PBDEs concentration was observed in Metasequoia (83,159.0 pg/g dry), followed by Ginkgo (53,538.4 pg/g dry), Pine (20,266.4 pg/g dry), and Platanus (12,572.0 pg/g dry). There were poor correlations between lipid content and total PBDE concentrations in tree barks ($R^2$=0.1011, p =0.682). Among the PBDE congeners, BDE 206, 207 and 209 were highly brominated PBDEs that are sorbed to particulates in ambient air, which accounted for 90.5% (84.3-95.6%) of the concentration and were therefore identified as the main PBDE congener. The concentrations of particulate PBDEs deposited on tree barks were dependent on morphological characteristics such as surface area or roughness of barks. Conclusions Therefore, when using the tree barks as the PAS of the atmospheric PBDEs, samples belonging to same tree species should be collected to reduce errors and to obtain reliable data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.464-465
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• 2006