• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

The effect of excess Pb contents on the etching of PZT thin films and their electrical properties has been investigated. Ferroelectric PZT(53/47) thin films were prepared by the metal alkoxide-based Sol-Gel method, in which they were spin-coating on P7Ti/Si02/Si substrate using the PZT(53/47) stock solutions with various excess Pb contents. Etching of PZT film was performed using planar inductively coupled Ar/Cl$_2$/BCl$_3$ plasma. The etch rate of PZT film was 2450 $\AA$/min at Ar(20)/BCl$_3$(80) gas mixing ratio and substrate temperature of 8$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.395-401
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• 1989

The concentrations of Cu(II), Y(III) and Ba(II) ionic species in aqueous solution due to the formation of Cu2+-oxalate-complex have been theoretically calculated with respect to pH and their solubility diagrams could be obtained. It was verified from the calculation that the excess of Cu2+ and Ba2+ should be added in order to obtain oxalate coprecipitates with the molar ratio of Y : Ba : Cu=1 : 2 : 3. The exact amount of excess species has been calculated with respect to the initial concentrations of metal ions and pH.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

This paper is concerned with the quantitative effect of design parameters on a stamped part of the auto-body. The considered parameters in this paper are the blank holding force, the draw-bead force, the blank size which greatly affect the metal flow during stamping. The indicators of formability selected in this paper are failures such as tearing, wrinkling and the amount of springback. The stamping process of the front side inner member is simulated using the finite element analysis changing the design parameters. The numerical results demonstrate that the blank holding force cannot control the local metal flow during forming although it controls the overall metal flow. The modification of the initial blank size considering the punch opening line ensures the local wrinkling and reduces the amount of springback after forming. The restraining force of draw-bead controls the metal flow in the local area and reduces the amount of excess metal. It is noted that the parametric study of design parameters such as blank holding force, the blank size and the draw-bead are very important in the process design of the complicated member.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2021

The casting method uses a mold to solidify a liquid metal to make a solid metal. Since it uses a liquid metal with the least deformation resistance, it has the characteristic that it can easily manufacture even a complex shape. However, the process of solidifying a liquid metal into a solid metal inevitably involves a volume change and contains internal defects such as shrinkage holes. Therefore, in the design of the casting plan, an excess volume called a pressurization compensates for the volume shrinkage. in the product, and it induces the shrinkage hole defects to occur in parts other than the product1). In this study, casting analysis was performed using casting analysis software (anycasting) in order to optimize the design of the tilting gravity casting method for automobile brackets. In particular, the filling and solidification analysis according to the shape and volume of the pressurized metal was conducted, and applied to the actual product to study the effect of the pressurized metal on the shrinkage defect. Through this study, it is possible to understand the effect of the pressure metal on shrinkage defects in the actual product and propose a design of the pressure metal that improves reliability and productivity.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2020

본 연구에서 사용한 바이오폴리머 (biopolymer)는 친환경 제방 건설 소재로 연구 되고 있다. 이러한 바이오폴리머를 토양에 혼합할 경우 이온결합 및 수소결합을 통해 토양의 강도 증진 효과가 잘 알려져 있지만 바이오폴리머와 혼합된 토양이 식물에 미치는 영향은 자세히 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 Zn 과잉 스트레스 조건에서 바이오폴리머의 토양 혼합이 Camelina sativa L. (Camelina)에 미치는 영향을 분석 하였다. Camelina의 생장실험을 기반으로, Zn 과잉 스트레스에 대한 최적의 바이오폴리머 혼합 비율은 0.5%로 결정하여 연구를 진행하였다. Zn 과잉 스트레스 하에서, BG 또는 XG 혼합구의 Camelina는 바이오폴리머 비혼합구에 비해 높은 생장을 보였으며, Zn 과잉 스트레스 피해 지표인 Malondialdehyde (MDA) 함량과 전해질유출도의 감소를 나타냈다. 바이오폴리머의 Zn 결합능을 DTZ (1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone)을 이용하여 분석한 결과, BG 또는 XG 모두 명확한 Zn 흡착 반응을 보였다. DTZ 염색 및 ICP-OES 분석에서, Zn 과잉 스트레스에 의한 Camelina의 Zn 흡수량이 BG 또는 XG 혼합에 의해 현저히 감소함을 확인하였다. 그리고, BG 또는 XG의 혼합은 Camelina의 중금속 수송체 Heavy metal ATPase (HMA)의 발현을 유도하지 않았으며, 야생형 (wildtype, WT)보다 CsHMA3가 과발현 된 Camelina에서 BG 또는 XG 혼합구와 유사한 수준의 Zn 과잉 스트레스 저감 효과를 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 바이오폴리머의 토양 혼합은 바이오폴리머와 Zn 사이의 결합에 의해 Camelina에 과도한 Zn 이온이 흡수되는 것을 방지하여 Zn 독성 피해를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 더 나아가 바이오폴리머의 토양혼합은 제방강화뿐만 아니라 중금속으로 오염된 토양에서 식물 생존에 긍정적으로 작용할 것이라 판단된다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

In the previous study, african marigold petals extract was valued as an excellent natural yellow dye because of its distinguished reactivity with various mordants and color fastness. In this study, we were studied on effect of absorbed metal ion by after-treatment of mordants on the color and fastness in human hair and wool fiber dyed with african marigold petals extract because the proteinic and cellulosic fiber were very well dyed. The dyed human hair showed better dyeing ability in the color fastness than wool fiber on tests of light, wash and perspiration. The absorbed metal ion concentration of mordanted human hairs were 1 or 5 times higher than wool fibers. However, excess of absorbed metal ion haven't consistent effect on K/S and surface color. Human hairs dyed using african marigold extract and mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu and Fe were showed various reddish yellow color groups and good dyeing ability on african marigold extract.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2010

Based on a nationwide survey of the consumption of oriental medicine by the Korean population, we estimated the potential risk from the inadvertent ingestion of heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, As, and Cd as a result such consumption. Compared to the provisional daily intake limit, heavy metal intake through oriental medicine resulted in hazard quotients of less than one. The upper $90^{th}$ percentile exposure estimates for each metal also showed insignificant risk. In relation to inorganic forms that are known carcinogens the excess cancer risk was less than $1{\times}10^7$. Based on the results of this study exposure to Pb, Hg, As, or Cd through oriental medicine intake appeared to be negligible and would not cause a significant impact on health.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2002

High purity water soluble chitosans (WsCs) were employed as a flocculant to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater of industrial plating wastewater treatment complex. Their weight average molecular weights and polydispersities were 272,000~620,000 g/mol and 1.4~1.9 range, respectively and were readily soluble in water in the pH range of 3~11. Heavy metal ions such as chromium, iron and copper were removed well by WsCs. When WsCs was blended with either sodium N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (SDDC$_{T}$) or sodium salicylate (SSc), the removal efficiency was further increased primarily due to the excess amount of hydrophilic sulfonic and carboxylic groups. Especially, in the case of WsCs-SSc the remaining chromium and copper concentrations were 0.1 mg/L and 9.5 mg/L, which are 1/15 and 1/3 compared with that of pure WsCs, respectively. The former is within the acceptable limit, but the latter is not. Therefore, the effective copper flocculant remains to be studied.d.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2009

To investigate the possible applications of plants to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soil, a pilot experiment was performed for four years in a reclaimed dredging area using two Alnus species, i.e., Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta. In a comparison of phytomass of the two species at two different planting densities, the phytomass of Alnus planted at low density was twice as high as that of Alnus planted at high density after four years. The Alnus species showed active acclimation to the heavy-metal-contaminated soil in a reclaimed dredging area. A. hirsuta showed greater accumulation of phytomass than A. firma, indicating that it is the better candidate for the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils. In the pilot system, Alnus plants took metals up from the soil in the following order; Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > As > Cd. Uptake rates of heavy metals per individual phytomass was higher for Alnus spp. planted at low density than those planted at high density in the pilot system. Low plant density resulted in higher heavy metal uptake per plant, but the total heavy metal concentration was not different for plants planted at low and high density, suggesting that the plant density effect might not be important with regard to total uptake by plants. The quantity of leached heavy metals below ground was far in excess of that taken up by plants, indicating that an alternative measurement is required for the removal of heavy metals that have leached into ground water and deeper soil. We conclude that Alnus species are potential candidates for phytoremediation of heavy-metal- contaminated surface soil in a reclaimed dredging area.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.262-262
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• 2010

We introduce a novel and efficient strategy for producing free-standing functional films via photo-crosslinking and electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, which can allow the buildup of hydrophilic multilayers onto hydrophobic surfaces. Hydrophobic multilayers were deposited on ionic substrates by a photo-crosslinking LbL process using photo-crosslinkable polymers. The photo-crosslinked surface was converted to an anionic surface by excess UV light irradiation. This treatment allowed also the stable adhesion between metal electrode or cationic polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic multilayers. After dissolving the ionic substrates in water, the formed free-standing films exhibited unique functionalities of inserted components within hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic multilayers.