• Title/Summary/Keyword: Metabolism.

Search Result 7,298, Processing Time 0.034 seconds

Lipid Metabolism and Regulation in Chickens (닭의 지방대사와 조절)

  • Yang Soo Moon
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
    • /
    • v.51 no.2
    • /
    • pp.27-37
    • /
    • 2024
  • The poultry plays a crucial role in the animal industry, providing humans with efficient, high-quality animal protein. The rapid growth and short generational intervals of broilers offer significant benefits compared to other economic animals. This growth and increased muscle mass in modern commercial broilers result from advancements in breeding. However, the high productivity of contemporary broilers indicates they are approaching their physiological limits, with excessive fat accumulation becoming a significant industry issue. This not only reduces lean meat yield and feed efficiency but also negatively impacts consumers, especially due to problematic abdominal fat, which consumes more energy than lean meat production. Laying hens, reared for extended periods, maintain high productivity, producing a substantial number of eggs. This productivity in laying hens, akin to broilers, stems from genetic selection and breeding. For egg production, laying hens require physiological support for necessary nutrients. In this context, yolk fat accumulation is a critical physiological process. Lipoproteins, essential in avian lipid metabolism, are vital for yolk and body fat accumulation. Understanding these lipoproteins and their metabolism is key to developing healthier, more productive animals, offering economic benefits to farmers and improved nutritional quality to consumers. This review focuses on the physiological aspects of dietary fat transport, fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver, fat accumulation in the abdomen and muscles, and lipid deposition in egg yolks in chickens. It also highlights recent research trends in the regulation of fat metabolism in poultry.

Serotonin and Energy Metabolism (세로토닌과 에너지 대사)

  • Kyoung-Kon Kim
    • Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-42
    • /
    • 2024
  • Serotonin, a biogenic amine widely found in many organisms, functions as both a neurotransmitter and hormone. Although serotonin is involved in various physiological processes, this study aimed to review its role in energy metabolism. Given that serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and is synthesized by two different isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues, it is reasonable to assume that serotonin in the CNS and peripheral tissues functions independently. Recent studies have demonstrated how serotonin influences energy metabolism in metabolic target organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. In summary, serotonin in the CNS induces satiety and appetite suppression, stimulates thermogenesis, and reduces body weight. Conversely, serotonin in the periphery increases intestinal motility, stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, suppresses glucose uptake by hepatocytes, promotes fat uptake by liver cells, stimulates insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion in the pancreatic islets, promotes lipogenesis in white adipose tissue, inhibits lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue, and suppresses thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, thereby storing energy and increasing body weight. However, considering that most experimental results were obtained using mice and conducted under specific nutritional conditions, such as high-fat diets, whether serotonin acts in the same way in humans, whether it will act similarly in individuals with normal versus obese weights, and whether its effects vary depending on the type of food consumed, remain unknown.

Microbial Metabolism of trans-2-Dodecenal

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Park, Hae-Suk;Lee, Ik-Soo
    • Natural Product Sciences
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-22
    • /
    • 2011
  • Microbial metabolism of trans-2-dodecenal (1) was studied. Screening studies have revealed a number of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing trans-2-dodecenal (1). Scale-up fermentation with Penicillium chrysogenum resulted in the production of two microbial metabolites. These metabolites were identified using spectroscopic methods as trans-2-dodecenol (2) and trans-3-dodecenoic acid (3).

A Study on The Mechanism of Oxidative Stress, Screening of Protective Agents and Signal Transduction of Cell Differentiation in Cultured Osteoblast and Osteoclast Damaged by Reactive Oxygen Species

  • Park, Seung-Taeck;Han, Du-Suk
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
    • /
    • 2003.05a
    • /
    • pp.66-67
    • /
    • 2003
  • It is well known that osteoblasts and osteoc1asts playa key role in bone metabolism. They involve in osteoformation or bone destruction which are ragulated by various factors such as thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, growth factor and cytokine. Recently, it is demonstrated that oxidative stress is one of pathological factors in bone metabolism, but it is left unknown about mechanism between oxidative stress and bone metabolism.(omitted)

  • PDF

Microbial Metabolism of the Environmental Estrogen Bisphenol A

  • Yim, Soon-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Lee, Ik-Soo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • v.26 no.10
    • /
    • pp.805-808
    • /
    • 2003
  • Preliminary microbial metabolism studies of bisphenol A (BPA) (1) on twenty six microorganisms have shown that Aspergillus fumigatus is capable of metabolizing BPA. Scale-up fermentation of 1 with A. fumigatus gave a metabolite (2) and its structure was established as bisphenol $A-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (BPAG) based on spectroscopic analyses.

A survey of the action of Korean angelica plants on drug metabolism

  • Woo, Won-Sick;Shin, Kuk-Hyun;Ryu, Kyung-Soo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.79-84
    • /
    • 1980
  • Eight species of the genus Angelica in Korea were examined for the activity of affecting drug metabolism and for the presence of coumarins. The results showed that various parts, especially roots and fruits of Angelica plants had strong effects on drug metabolism and that they contained various derivatives of coumarins.

  • PDF