• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-155
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The structural equation model hypothesizes that eating alone and feeling depressed is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. The data of this study were obtained from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which was cross-sectional data from the representative national survey. A total of 4,013 subjects replied to the survey item of lifestyle and completed the physical examinations among adults aged 19 years or older in South Korea was in 2015. The structural model in this study was composed of four latent variables: eating alone, depression, negative health behavior, and metabolic syndrome. Two variables, the rate of eating alone and depression, were exogenous variables. Negative health behavior was both a mediating variable and endogenous variable, and metabolic syndrome was the final endogenous variable. The data were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method and bootstrapping. The structural model was appropriate for the data based on the model fit indices. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Eating alone is a direct risk factor of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Depression can mediate metabolic syndrome through negative health behaviors. Negative health behavior had a direct impact on metabolic syndrome in both men and women. This study may be a guideline for interventions and strategies to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.639-648
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• 2013

Metabolic syndrome is the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases So, it is judged that Quality of life of persons with metabolic syndrome inevitably deteriorate. For the purpose, the study aims to analyse the number of risk factors, and the relationship between abnormality of each risk factor and Quality of life, targeting adult women aged more than 19. For this study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Behavior Survey in 2007 and 2008 were incorporated and 4,365 subjects were collected for the study. Version 17.0 SPSS was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. As a result of the study, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 24.2%. According to the number of risk factors of metabolic syndrome the regression coefficient of Quality of life was -0.024 when the number of risk factor was one, -0.048 when there were two risk factors, -0.090 when there were three risk factors, -0.117 when there were four risk factors, and -0.168 when there were five risk factors. The regression coefficient(abnormal/normal)of risk factors of metabolic syndrome were as follows; Waist circumference -0.035, Blood pressure was -0.064, Fasting glucose was -0,026 and HDL cholesterol was -0.012. In conclusion, as it was discovered that risk factors of metabolic syndrome had significant relations with Quality of life, it is suggested that the relations between some significant variables and Quality of life should be actively considered so that adult women can perceive metabolic syndrome properly and endeavor to improve their Quality of life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of combined marine healing programs by analyzing the physical composition of elderly musculoskeletal and metabolic patients, the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the effects of the inflammatory factors, the C -reactive protein (CRP). Methods : Individuals with musculoskeletal and metabolic diseases were identified, and marine healing programs were conducted for f our hours each day for two weeks with 11 elderly participants. A one-way RM ANOVA was conducted to determine the differences due to treatment with composite marine healing systems. The results are as follows. Results : After a two-week ocean healing program, weight decreased the most, while BMI also decreased and muscle mass increased. Waist circumference, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and CRP, decreased, and CRP demonstrated a decreasing trend. Conclusion : The above results show that the two-week marine healing program has a positive effect on the body composition and inflammatory factors of elderly musculoskeletal and metabolic patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promotion behavior among workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. This study was based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: The participants were 167 workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Surveyed variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intention, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Perceived behavioral control affected the intention of health promotion behavior among the workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. It explained 62% of variance in the intention of health promotion behavior (F=40.09, p<.001). Perceived behavioral control and occupation affected health promotion behavior among the risk workers with high risk of metabolic syndrome. The two factors explained 16% of variance in health promotion behavior (F=4.95, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that perceived behavioral control is the only factor affecting health promotion behavior when the theory of planned behavior was applied. Therefore, intervention programs for improving health promotion behavior should be focused on strengthening perceived behavioral control.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.583-598
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• 2023

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

Objectives In clinical studies, the visceral fat obesity has been emphasized because of its correlation with the metabolic syndrome. But the subcutaneous adipose tissue also would correlate with the risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Especially deep tissue, which is a subdivision of the subcutaneous adipose tissue would be more related. This study is to investigate the relationship between subcutaneous adipose tissue and various diseases. Methods We searched for papers which had subcutaneous adipose tissue, deep subcutaneous adipose tissue and obesity for subjects in the Pubmed site. Results : 24 papers were found. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, deep subcutaneous adipose tissue especially, was related with the insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, sex hormones and other diseases. Conclusions Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a risk factor of insulin resistance but not lipoprotein. But deep subcutaneous adipose tissue was related with lipoprotein. So deep tissue, which is a subdivision of the subcutaneous adipose tissue is a more important risk factor of the metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study is verify the correlation between benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Method : Data for patients diagnosed with benign laryngeal mucosal disease and metabolic syndrome from 2006 to 2015 were selected for analysis from the National Health Insurance Service database. Results : The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was 2,179,785 out of 6,437,051 patients (33.86%). The prevalence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease was 516,594 out of 6,437,051 patients (8.03%). Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for benign laryngeal mucosal disease [hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.984-0.997] after adjusting for age and other variables including age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise, body mass index, and diabetes. The number of metabolic syndrome components was also risk factor. Conclusion : Metabolic syndrome was related to the incidence of benign laryngeal mucosal disease. However this correlation did not seem to be high.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

The research is performed in order to know the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the physical fitness targeted for menopausal women (over 45 years). All subjects were divided into 4 groups; group without risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS-0: n=74), group having one risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MS-1: n=68), group having two risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS-2: n=44), and group having more than three risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS ${\geq}$ 3: n=30). All groups' height, weight, body mass index and percent of body fat were measured. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride, glucose and blood pressure (BP) levels were measured. Their cardiorespiratory ($VO_2max$) endurance, muscular strength, muscle endurance, and flexibility were measured. HDL, triglyceride, glucose and BP levels in MS-1, MS-2, and MS ${\geq}$ 3 group were significantly greater than those of MS-0 group. The endurance ($VO_2max$) in MS ${\geq}$ 3 group was higher than that of MS-0 group. Multiple regression with the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the physical fitness showed a statistical significance in only $VO_2max$. We found that the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome adversely affect postmenopausal women's $VO_2max$ and that a decreased $VO_2max$ may have prognostic value for the prediction of metabolic syndrome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Even though the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is increasing, little is presently known about this syndrome in adolescents. This study aimed to cluster metabolic risk factors as well as examine the associations between identified patterns and nutrient intake using data from the Korean National Health Examination and Nutritional Assessment (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 2,958 subjects aged 10 to 18 years along with both biochemical and dietary data information were obtained from KNHANES 2007-2010. Six components of metabolic syndrome were used to identify any patterns via factor analysis. Individuals were categorized into quartile groups according to their pattern score. RESULTS: Three clustering patterns with high loadings were identified and named as follows: 1) high blood pressure, 2) dyslipidemia, and 3) glucose abnormality patterns. The high blood pressure pattern showed high loadings of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, the dyslipidemia pattern showed high loadings of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels, and the glucose abnormality pattern showed high loadings of fasting blood glucose levels. Intakes of fat and riboflavin were significantly decreased, whereas those of sodium and niacin were significantly increased across the quartiles in the dyslipidemia pattern. No nutrient intake except that of thiamin was significantly associated with the high blood pressure or glucose abnormality pattern. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Korean adolescent population are characterized by three distinct patterns, which are differentially associated with dietary factors. Characterizing metabolic risk factors and providing specific dietary guidelines for target groups are important.

• Exercise Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of waist to height ratio (WHtR) and resting heart rate (RHR) with cardio-metabolic risk factors among Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis included a total of 1,540 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: Individuals with higher WHtR (>0.56) showed significantly higher glucose, triglyceride, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with ones with lower WHtR (≤0.51). Similar findings were found in those with higher RHR (≥90 bpm) compared with ones with lower RHR (<60 bpm) for glucose and HOMA-IR. When determining the combined effects of WHtR and RHR on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, individual with WHtR above 0.5 and RHR above 80 bpm showed 10.39 times higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those with WHtR below 0.5 and RHR below 70 bpm. We further performed multiple linear regression analysis to understand how WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose, and found that both WHtR and RHR contribute to fasting glucose levels independent of age, education level, marital status and income level. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that the WHtR and RHR are associated with cardio-metabolic risk factor and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women.