• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Inborn errors of metabolism encompass a wide variety of disorders, frequently affecting bone. This review presents a comprehensive retrospect on the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism. Primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism includes entities that primarily affect the bone marrow, mineral component or cartilage. These include lysosomal storage disorders, hypophosphatasia, and hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. In this review, we discuss the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism (hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, Gaucher disease, and mucopolysaccharidoses) along with the therapeutic agents used in clinical settings, diagnostic strategies, and general management. With the development of disease-specific targeted therapies and supportive care, more number of patients with these disorders live longer and survive into adulthood. Moreover, skeletal symptoms have become a more prominent feature of these disorders. This makes the awareness of these skeletal symptoms more important.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.416-423
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• 1997

콩[Glycine max (L. ) Merrill] 종자내 저장양분의 전류에 대한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 콩 품종 '힐콩', '팔달콩', 및 '장엽콩' 의 발아와 초기 유묘발달단계 동안 유묘의 각 기관별 건물중의 변화를 고려대학교 자연자원대학 부속농장에서 5월 26일, 6월 5일, 및 6월 14일에 각각 조사하였다. 콩 세품종의 평균 생체중, 평균 건물중 및 평균 수분함량은 자엽부위를 제외한 유묘의 모든 기관에서 V2단계까지 증가하였다. 자엽의 평균 건물중은 V2단계까지 계속 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 건물중의 약80%가 감소되었다. 발아단계에서 자엽의 구조성분은 자엽 건물중의 약22.2%였다. 자엽의 대사성분은 V2단계까지 급격히 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 대사성분의 약 91%가 이용되었다. 그러나 전체 유묘의 대사성분은 V1단계 이후에 증가하였음을 보였다. 따라서 종자의 발아와 유묘발달을 위하여 종자내 저장양분의 이동 및 탄소동화작용에 의한 양분 공급자로서 자엽의 역할은 특히, V1단계까지 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2016

본 연구는 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터를 기반한 다변량통계분석을 이용한 대사체 수준에서 아티초크(Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) 품종 구분하였다. FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 PCA(principal component analysis), PLS-DA(partial least square discriminant analysis) 그리고 HCA(hierarchical clustering analysis) 분석을 실시하였다. 아티초크 품종들은 1700-1500, 1500-1300, $1100-950cm^{-1}$ 부위에서 대사체의 양적, 질적 패턴 변화가 FT-IR 스펙트럼상에서 나타났다. FT-IR 스펙트럼의 $1700-1500cm^{-1}$ 부위는 주로 Amide I 과 II을 포함하는 아미노산 및 단백질계열의 화합물들의 질적, 양적 정보를 나타내고, $1700-1300cm^{-1}$ 부위는 phosphodiester group을 포함한 핵산 및 인지질의 정보가 반영이 되고, $1100-950cm^{-1}$ 부위는 단당류나 복합 다당류를 포함하는 carbohydrates 계열의 화합물들이 질적, 양적 정보가 반영되는 부위이다. PCA 상에 나타난 10품종의 아티초크들은 품종간에 중첩이 많이 이뤄지는 모습을 나타냈다. 아티초크 10개의 품종 중에서 'Cardoon'과 'Green Globe'가 계통분류학적으로 유연관계가 낮고, 서로간에 대사체 수준의 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것으로 보아 대사체 수준에서 마커 탐색에 가장 중요한 품종으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. PLS-DA 분석의 경우 PCA 분석 보다 아티초크의 종간 식별이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립된 대사체 수준에서 아티초크의 품종 식별 기술은 품종, 계통의 신속한 선발 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며 육종을 통한 품종개발 가속화에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국내에서 재배중인 배추 전세포 추출물의 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 다변량 통계분석(PCA, PLS-DA, HCA)을 이용하여 신속하고 간편한 계통 구분체계를 확립하였다. 다변량 통계분석 결과 대사체 수준에서 배추의 부계, 모계, $F_1$ 계통들이 계통에 따라 유연관계가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 본 연구에서 얻어진 대사체 정보의 유연관계분석은 $F_1$ 계통의 부계와 모계에 대한 유연관계가 교배에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 보여주었다. 따라서 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터의 다변량 통계분석 기술은 대사체 정보를 기반으로 한 신품종 선발방법의 간편성과 신속성을 고려할 때 배추의 계통이나 품종의 신속한 식별 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 국내에서 재배중인 대표적인 두과작물(대두, 완두, 강낭콩, 팥, 녹두, 동부)종자로부터 전세포추출물의 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 다변량통계분석(PCA, PLS-DA, HCA)을 이용하여 신속하고 간편한 종 구분체계를 확립하였다. 대사체수준에서 팥, 녹두, 동부는 유연관계가 높음을 알 수 있었으며 대두, 완두, 강낭콩은 비록 두과작물이지만 차이가 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 본 연구에서 얻어진 대사체 정보의 다변량통계분석에 의한 유연관계분석은 흥미롭게도 두과작물의 계통분류학적 유연관계와 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터의 다변량통계분석은 방법의 간편성과 신속성을 고려할 때 두과작물의 계통이나 품종의 신속한 식별 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 두과작물의 기능성 성분 함량 정보가 성공적으로 연계된다면 본 연구에서 확립된 대사체 기반 신속식별체계는 기능성 성분의 함량이 높은 계통이나 품종의 조기 선발수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to expand evidence-base for the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention programs to prevent the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Seven intervention studies between 2006 and 2014 at Korea Association of Health Promotion were analyzed. All the studies were randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and included multi-component behavioral interventions. The participants of the programs were 2,172 adults with risk factors regarding metabolic syndrome criteria. The proportions of normalized participants were compared within and across the studies using odds ratio effect sizes. Results: The reductions in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were from 49.6% to 65.1% in intervention groups, and from 38.7% to 52.3% in comparison groups. Significant differences in effectiveness between groups were found in two studies, one in 2006 with odds ratio of 1.69(p<0.01) and another in 2009 with odds ratio of 2.36(p<0.001). Proportions of normalized participants were higher in blood pressure(31.9% to 52.5% in the intervention groups and 23.0% to 43.3% in comparison groups) than other risk factors. Abdominal obesity showed weakest improvement after the intervention in both groups. Conclusions: Lifestyle modification program is an effective method to reduce diabetes and cardiovascular risks in adults by decreasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2011

In this study, we propose a novel, intuitive method of constructing an expression quantitative trait (eQT) network that is related to the metabolic syndrome using LOD scores and peak loci for selected eQTs, based on the concept of gene-gene interactions. We selected 49 eQTs that were related to insulin resistance. A variance component linkage analysis was performed to explore the expression loci of each of the eQTs. The linkage peak loci were investigated, and the "support zone" was defined within boundaries of an LOD score of 0.5 from the peak. If one gene was located within the "support zone" of the peak loci for the eQT of another gene, the relationship was considered as a potential "directed causal pathway" from the former to the latter gene. SNP markers under the linkage peaks or within the support zone were searched for in the database to identify the genes at the loci. Two groups of gene networks were formed separately around the genes IRS2 and UGCGL2. The findings indicated evidence of networks between genes that were related to the metabolic syndrome. The use of linkage analysis enabled the construction of directed causal networks. This methodology showed that characterizing and locating eQTs can provide an effective means of constructing a genetic network.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2021

Objective: The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

Target herbal ingredient (THI) is an extract made from two herbs, Scutellariae Radix and Platycodi Radix. It has been developed as a treatment for metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. One component of these two herbs has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. However, there have been no reports about the effects of the mixed extract of these two herbs on metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the metabolic effects of THI using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. High-fat diet (HFD) mice were orally administered daily with 250 mg/kg of THI. After 10 weeks of treatment, the THI-administered HFD mice showed reduction of body weights and epididymal white adipose tissue weights as well as improved glucose tolerance. In addition, the level of total cholesterol in the serum was markedly reduced. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the metabolic effects of THI in vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with THI, after which the mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, including C/$EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$, were measured. The results show that the expression of these two transcription factors was down regulated by THI in a dose-dependent manner. We also examined the combinatorial effects of THI and swimming exercise on metabolic status. THI administration simultaneously accompanied by swimming exercise had a synergistic effect on serum cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that THI could be developed as a supplement for improving metabolic status.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels ($K_{ATP}$) are major component of preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, there is little information regarding to the expressional difference of $K_{ATP}$ and its function between left and right ventricles. In this study, we measured the lactate dehydrogenase release of rabbit heart slices in vitro and determined the difference of the $K_{ATP}$ expression at the both ventricles by measuring the level of $K_{ATP}$-forming Kir6.2 (OcKir6.2) mRNA using in situ hybridization. The hearts were preconditioned with 15 min hypoxia and reoxygenated for 15 min before a hypoxic period of 60 min, followed by reoxygenation for 180 min. With hypoxic preconditioning (100% $N_2$) with 15 min, left ventricles (LV) showed higher release of LDH comparing with right ventricles (RV). Adding $K_{ATP}$ blocker glibenclamide ($10{\mu}M$) prior to a hypoxic period of 60 min, hypoxic preconditioning effect of RV was more abolished than LV. With in situ hybridization, the optical density of OcKir6.2 was higher in RV. Therefore, we suggest that different $K_{ATP}$ expression between LV and RV is responsible for the different response to hypoxia and hypoxic preconditioning of rabbit hearts.