• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 2024

The accumulating evidence substantiates the indispensable role of gut microbiota in modulating the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Uncovering the intricacies of the mechanism is imperative in aiding disease control efforts. Revealing key bacterial species, their metabolites and/or metabolic pathways from the vast array of gut microorganisms can significantly contribute to precise treatment of the disease. With a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Inner Mongolia, China, we recruited volunteers from among the Mongolian population to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and the disease. Fecal samples were collected from the Volunteers of Mongolia with Type 2 Diabetes group and a Control group, and detected by metagenomic analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The findings suggest that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla are the predominant gut microorganisms that exert significant influence on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the Mongolian population. In the disease group, despite an increase in the quantity of most gut microbial metabolic enzymes, there was a concomitant weakening of gut metabolic function, suggesting that the gut microbiota may be in a compensatory state during the disease stage. β-Tocotrienol may serve as a pivotal gut metabolite produced by gut microorganisms and a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic biosynthesis pathways of ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinones could be the crucial mechanism through which the gut microbiota regulates type 2 diabetes. Additionally, certain Clostridium gut species may play a pivotal role in the progression of the disease.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2024

Isochrysis sp. is a sea microalga that has become a species of interest because of the extreme lipid content and rapid growth rate of this organism indicating its potential for efficient biofuel production. Using genome sequencing/genome-scale modeling for the prediction of Isochrysis sp. metabolic utilities there is high scope for the identification of essential pathways for the extraction of byproducts of interest at a higher rate. In our work, we design and present iIsochr964, a genome-scale metabolic model of Isochrysis sp. including 4315 reactions, 934 genes, and 1879 metabolites, which are distributed among fourteen compartments. For model validation, experimental culture, and isolation of Isochrysis sp. were performed and biomass values were used for validation of the genome-scale model. OptFlux was instrumental in uncovering several novel metabolites that influence the organism's metabolism by increasing the flux of interacting metabolites, such as Malonyl-CoA, EPA, Protein and others. iIsochr964 provides a compelling resource of metabolic understanding to revolutionize its industrial applications, thereby fostering sustainable development and allowing estimations and simulations of the organism metabolism under varying physiological, chemical, and genetic conditions. It is also useful in principle to provide a systemic view of Isochrysis sp. metabolism, efficiently guiding research and granting context to omics data.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.2-10
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• 2022

Metabolomics makes it possible to analyze the interrelationships between various signaling molecules based on the metabolic pathways involved by using high-resolution devices. This approach can also be used to obtain large-scale metabolic information to identify the relevant pathways for disease diagnosis and prognosis and search for potential biomarkers. In the fields of medicine and forensics, hair analysis is used to detect various metabolites in the body. Hair can be harvested readily in a noninvasive manner and is easier to transport and store than blood and urine. Another advantage from a forensic viewpoint is that hair reflects all the components of body fluids. In addition, because of the unique coating structure of hair, it can be used for measurements without changing or destroying its adsorbed components. In this review, the pretreatments for hair analysis, instrumental conditions and clinical applications are discussed. Especially, the clinical use of hair metabolomics in the diagnosis of various diseases and the limitations of the technique are described.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Eutylone, dibutylone, and dimethylone are potential psychotropic designer drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro metabolic pathways of synthetic cathinones with methylenedioxy groups. The three methylenedioxy derivatives were incubated with human liver microsomes. The metabolites were characterized based on liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eutylone, dibutylone, and dimethylone were metabolized to yield three, six, and four metabolites, respectively. Reduction and demethylenation were the major metabolic pathways for all three drugs tested. However, dibutylone and dimethylone showed an additional metabolite generated via N-oxidation. These results provide evidence for the in vivo metabolism of methylenedioxy synthetic cathinones, and could be applied to the analysis of synthetic cathinones and their relevant metabolites in biological samples.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

In this study, some of the recently reported data processing strategies were evaluated and modified based on their capabilities and a brief workflow for data mining was redefined for Q-TOF LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics. Commercial pooled human plasma samples were used for this purpose. An ultrafiltration procedure was applied on sample preparation. Sample set was analyzed through Q-TOF LC/MS. A C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 µM, 50 × 2.1 mm) was used for chromatographic separation. Raw chromatograms were processed using XCMS - R programming language edition and Isotopologue Parameter Optimization (IPO) was used to optimize XCMS parameters. The raw XCMS table was processed using MS Excel to find reliable and reproducible peaks. Totally 1650 reliable and reproducible potential metabolite peaks were found based on the data processing procedures given in this paper. The redefined dataset was upload into MetaboAnalyst platform and the identified metabolites were matched with 86 metabolic pathways. Thus, two list were obtained and presented in this study as supplement files. The first list is to present the retention times and m/z values of detected metabolite peaks. The second list is the metabolic pathways related with the identified metabolites. The briefly described data processing strategies and dataset presented in this study could be beneficial for the researchers working on untargeted metabolomics for processing their data and validating their results.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor and master regulator of metabolic homeostasis. On activation, this cellular fuel sensing enzyme induces a series of metabolic changes to balance energy consumption via multiple downstream signaling pathways controlling nutrient uptake and energy metabolism. This pivotal role of AMPK has led to the development of numerous AMPK activators which might be used as novel drug candidates in the treatment of AMPK related disorders, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. Consequently, a number of patents have been published on AMPK activators from natural products and other sources. This review covers the patented AMPK activators from natural products and their therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) are a group of disorders caused by defects in specific biochemical pathways. Up to 85% of IMD display predominantly neurological manifestations by affecting neurodevelopment or causing neurodegeneration. These neurometabolic disorders present with a variety of neurological and non-neurological manifestations. Early diagnosis of IMD is important because some disorders can be treated or improved with specific treatment if detected early. For prompt diagnosis and treatment, it is important to suspect IMD by being familiar with the clinical characteristics, biochemical abnormalities, and characteristic neuroimaging patterns that appear in IMD. Genetic testing, including next-generation sequencing, is also important in diagnosing IMD. During the follow-up of patients with IMD, it is necessary to conduct regular physical and neurological examinations in addition to disease-specific management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2022

Congenital metabolic disorders are rare inherited disorders resulting from a defect in biochemical and metabolic pathways affecting proteins, fats, carbohydrates metabolism or impaired organelle function. Depending on the abnormality of biochemical metabolism, various precursors and their abnormal metabolites can accumulate in the body and the final products which are critical in normal physiology can be deficient, resulting in disease. Congenital metabolic disorders present complicated medical conditions involving several human organ systems, including nervous system, eyes, liver, and kidneys. Various proteins and lipids are involved in the development and homeostasis of the skin, so many congenital metabolic disorders present abnormal changes in skin and hair. In this review, congenital metabolic diseases related to amino acid and lipid metabolism accompanying skin abnormalities will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.256-257
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• 2005