• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2020

Objectives: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings in the association between dental diagnostic X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer. This study was a meta-analysis of case-control studies evaluating the association between exposure to dental radiation and the thyroid cancer risk. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify studies on dental radiation and thyroid cancer risks that were published up to September 2018. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A fixed-effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using STATA 14.0. Potential publication biases were evaluated using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. Results: From the literature search, we included six case-control studies in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis using the fixed-effects model found that dental X-ray exposure was associated with 2.34 times increased risk for thyroid cancer (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.79-3.21). There was no heterogeneity in the data (p=0.662, I² =0%). Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias (p=0.532). Conclusions: This meta-analysis confirmed the association of dental X-ray exposure and thyroid cancer risk. The current results underscore the importance of applying safety regulations at dental clinics to protect thyroid glands during dental radiography examinations.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1158-1171
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• 2003

The UML is a widely accepted standard in object-oriented modeling. As the UML is semantically rich, we can describe in detail the system that will be developed, but we cannot guarantee the correctness and consistency of the designed model. Therefore, it is important to minimize the error by verifying user models in an early stage. In this paper, we propose a method for verifying the consistency of UML structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams using OCL verification rules and meta-metamodel. The consistency is a nature for checking whether the structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams are coherently designed according to a specific requirement. First we build meta-metamodels of the structural diagram and behavioral diagram that are described with the UML diagrams and the related elements, we derive rules for verifying the consistency from each meta-metamodels, and then formally specify with the language such as OCL for automatic verification. Finally, we verify the usefulness of the rule through a case study.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-237
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• 2019

There is a close interaction between the linguistic-syntactic representation system and the affective representation system that appear in the mathematical process. On the other hand, since the mathematical conceptual system is fundamentally metaphoric, the analysis of the mathematical concept structure through linguistic representation can help to identify the source of cognitive and affective obstacles that interfere with mathematics learning. In this study, we analyzed the problem-solving protocols of mathematical gifted children from the perspective of cognitive language and meta-affect to identify the relationship between the functional characteristics of the text and metaphor they use and the functional characteristics of meta-affect. As a result, the behavior of the cognitive and affective characteristics of mathematically gifted children differed according to the success of problem solving. In the case of unsuccessful problem-solving, the use of metaphor as an internal representation system was relatively more frequent than in the successful case. In addition, while the cognitive linguistic aspects of metaphors play an important role in problem-solving, meta-affective attributes are closely related to the external representation of metaphors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.325-343
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the results of a meta-analysis of impulsivity variables related to self-destructive behavior of South Korean adolescents. Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out according to the Cochrane guidelines criteria and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI checklist. 2,333 studies were collected through the databases of RISS, KISS, and DBpia on 'impulsivity' published from 2000 to 2020. Self-destructive behavior-related variables were largely categorized into three areas (addiction, violence, and delinquency), and six subgroups. Results: Using the correlations with impulsivity in the final 53 papers, 231 self-destructive behavior-related variables were identified. The social delinquency showed the closest relationship with impulsivity (ES=0.34, 95% CI: 0.23~0.43, p<.001), followed by addictive behavior (ES=0.28, 95% CI: 0.24~0.32, p<.001), personal delinquency (ES=0.28, 95% CI: 0.23~0.32, p<.001), violence against others, violence against self, and substance addiction. These effects were identified as ranging from magnitudes of 0.23 to 0.27 based on the criteria of Cohen. Conclusion: To improve the reliability of the results of meta-analysis, more studies on the impulsivity of adolescents should be carried out so that the results can be accumulated, and the effectiveness can be examined in-depth later.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing perioperative anxiety in children undergoing surgery. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the primary outcome of children's perioperative anxiety was conducted. The literature search was performed using various databases, including Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Korean electronic databases with confined to RCTs between 2000 and 2020. A total of sixteen studies were suitable the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. The bias risk of randomized studies was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. For the meta-analysis, RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze effect sizes of interventional factors. Results: Finally, twelve RCTs studies were used for meta-analysis. The non-pharmacological interventions implemented to reduce perioperative anxiety in children were therapeutic play, clown therapy and information provision. First, therapeutic play had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -1.46 (95% CI=-1.78~-1.14). Second, clown therapy had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -0.97 (95% CI=-1.45~-0.49). Finally, the provision of information had a significant effect on reducing preoperative anxiety, with an effect size of -0.75 (95% CI=-0.99~-0.51). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that non-pharmaceutical interventions provide effective methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. Therefore, the findings verify evidence that various non-pharmacological interventions are effective means for reducing children's preoperative anxiety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.165-168
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• 2014

A Meta-analysis refers to a statistical literature synthesis method from the quantitative results of many known empirical studies. Recently, the convergence of knowledge-based society and information telecommunication technologies has a rapid impact on politics, economics and various fields. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of between perceived value, risk and behavioral intention on e-commerce researches. This study focused a total of 25 research papers that established causal relationships in between perceived value, risk and behavioral intention on e-commerce published in Korean academic journals during 2000 and 2014. The result of the meta-analysis might be summarized that the effect size in the path from the perceived value to the behavioral intention with the effect size 0.508. Also, it showed that the effect size in the path from perceived value to the behavioral intention with the effect size -0.251. Based on these findings, several theoretical and practical implications were suggested and discussed with the difference from previous researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.194-196
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• 2014

A Meta-analysis refers to a statistical literature synthesis method from the quantitative results of many known empirical studies. Recently, the convergence of knowledge-based society and e-commerce, information telecommunication technologies has a rapid impact on politics, economics and various fields. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of between satisfaction, trust and loyalty on e-commerce researches. This study focused a total of 57 research papers that established causal relationships in between satisfaction, trust and loyalty on e-commerce published in Korean academic journals during 2002 and 2013. The result of the meta-analysis might be summarized that the highest effect size in the path from the satisfaction to the trust with the effect size(0.591). Based on these findings, several theoretical and practical implications were suggested and discussed with the difference from previous researches.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.206-212
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and Magiran (www.magiran.com), for all articles published between January 1989 and August 2017. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: Six articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, based on which the prevalence of obesity and overweight were estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%-10%) and 9% (95% CI, 7%-11%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 9% (95% CI, 6%-13%) and 7% (95% CI, 4-10%), respectively, and the prevalence of overweight in boys and girls was 10% (95% CI, 5%-15%) and 9% (95% CI, 5%-13%), respectively. Conclusion: Despite high heterogeneity among the results of the articles included in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher in Iranian children under 5 years of age. Therefore, parents and the health system must pay more attention to the lifestyle, nutritional habits, and physical activity of these children.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2021

Background: Zinc is known for modulating antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulating inflammatory response. This study aimed to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for studies comparing zinc supplement group versus control group for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 up to November 3, 2020. The search results were updated on February 9, 2021. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Total 4 studies were included in this systematic review. The zinc administered group had a significantly lower mortality rate compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.53-0.75, p<0.001), with significantly higher discharge rate (OR 1.32, 95% Cl 1.15-1.52, p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the intensive care unit admission rate (OR 1.07, 95% Cl 0.26-4.48, p=0.92), mechanical ventilation rate (OR 0.80, 95% Cl 0.45-1.41, p=0.44), and length of hospital stay (mean difference 0.75, 95% Cl -0.64 to 2.13, p=0.29) between the two groups. Conclusion: The meta-analysis of zinc administration showed positive clinical effects on the discharge rate and mortality of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. However, large-scale randomized controlled trial should be conducted for zinc to be considered as one of the adjuvant treatments.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of Banhahubak-tang on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs). Methods : RCTs using Banhahubak-tang on GERD was searched in databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CNKI, KISS, RISS, ScienceON, and OASIS. RCTs published up to October 8th, 2021 were included. Meta-analysis was performed by synthesizing outcome data, including Total Effectiveness Rate (TER), Reflux Symptom Index(RSI), Reflux Finding Score(RFS), and Incidence of Adverse Reactions. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. The Cochrane collaboration bias risk assessment scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results : Ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The total effective rate was the most commonly used outcome measure. The meta-analysis revealed that the TER in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(N=2, RR:1.22, 95% CI:1.09 to 1.36, P=0.0004, I²=0%)(N=6, RR:1.22, 95% CI:1.14 to 1.32, P<0.00001, I²=0%)(N=8, RR:1.22, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.30, P<0.00001, I²=0%). On the other hand, RSI(N=2, MD : -4.29, 95% CI: -4.71 to -3.86, I²=94%), RFS(N=2, MD : -3.28, 95% CI: -3.71 to -2.85, I²=96%), and Incidence of Adverse Reactions(N=5, RR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.61, I²=0%) in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group. Conclusion : Treatment with Banhahubak-tang was found to be effective on GERD. However the results might be biased because of the poor quality and small sample size of the included RCTs.