• Educational Technology International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the interaction patterns in distance only mode e-Learning. In order to investigate this study, messages shown in the electronic notice board were analyzed to see how interaction occurs between teacher and learner or learner and learner under the e-learning of cyber university. To analyze messages was applied according to the framework by Henri's contents analysis model. As a result of contents analysis on electronic board, the participative dimension was 399 messages. A learner put on 7~8 messages a day. The number of messages was low compared to the number of learners, but the number of inquiries was about 140. That means that each learner contacts and checks messages at least once a day. The meaning dimension was 600 units. The main interaction patterns were Interactive-social-cognitive-metacognitive. This means that e-Learning in distance only mode leads a positive attitude of learners as a self-directed learning, and needs teacher's well-structured instructional strategies for increasing interaction. In conclusion, social dimension and interactive dimension of messages support learners psychologically in the process of learning though they directly guide learning under the circumstances of e-learning lacking face-to-face element. It can be interpreted that the teacher's role is significantly important in order to attract learners' positive participation and cognitive and meta-cognitive dimension of messages and activities

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-5
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• 2023

As the elderly population is rapidly increasing not only domestically but also globally, convenience foods for the elderly population are receiving attention. Therefore, the senior food market continues to grow rapidly both domestically and overseas. In relation to this, this study seeks to explore convenience food preferences through the growth status of the convenience food market and the demand for convenience food among the elderly population. We would like to consider various factors that influence the increase in convenience food consumption among the elderly population. This study uses meta-analysis and systematic literature research to find ways to revitalize the convenience food market targeting the elderly population. As a result of the analysis, it was mentioned that in order to revitalize the convenience food market for the elderly population, it is important to develop products with high nutritional value, suitable for the physical characteristics of the elderly population, and low price, and to consider convenience and accessibility. Through a multifaceted approach, we aim to increase the need for convenient food products that meet the needs of the elderly population, contribute to improving the health and well-being of the elderly, and further efficiently manage the health of the elderly nationally and globally.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.121-139
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze randomized controlled trial, which studied the effect of Saenghwa-tang treatment on postpartum prolonged lochia and uterine subinvolution. Methods: Researchers searched for randomized controlled trial of based on postpartum prolonged lochia, uterine subinvolution and Saenghwa-tang. The paper search was conducted through 6 online databases on August 10, 2023. Results: 8 studies were included after selection and exclusion criteria. 5 studies compared Saenghwa-tang alone with western medicine. 3 studies compared combined treatment of Saenghwa-tang and western medicine, with western medicine alone. Comparing with control group, the treatment group showed statistically significant improvement on total effective rate, uterine involution, serum fibrinogen, D-dimer, viscosity of blood and plasma, Erythrocyte aggregation, and various symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that Saenghwa-tang has benefit for treating prolonged lochia and uterine subinvolution. For reliable evidence, further research is needed to establish safety of Saenghwa-tang, standardize diagnosis criteria and specify the treatment course.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2023

As the digital fashion show developed through the pandemic period, this study analyzed the literature on the digital fashion show and presented basic data for the design of the metaverse fashion show space. Through keyword analysis, the flow of research was identified, and implications for space design for the metabus fashion show were derived through analysis of space, models and avatars, lighting, and communication. Through keyword analysis, it was possible to understand the conversion process of digital fashion show research in the pandemic situation. Metaverse fashion shows can express stages, avatars, and costumes that are impossible in the real world, but require design considering expressiveness. In the metaverse space, communication can be thought of as a designer's value delivery, digital marketing, and communication with customers.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 2024

The new AI based conversational chatbot, ChatGPT, launched in November 2022, is causing a stir. There are many opinions about this being a 'threat or a promise,' and thus it is important to understand what has been said about this tool and, based on the growing literature that has emerged on the subject, demystify its effective impact on society. To analyse this impact, a systematic literature review with the support of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol was used. The data, scientific documents, were collected using the main scientific databases - SCOPUS and Web of Science - and the results were presented based on a bibliometric and thematic exploration of content. The main findings indicate that people are increasingly using this chatbot in more diverse areas. Therefore, this study contributes at the practical level, aiming to enlighten people in general - both in professional and personal life - about this tool and its impacts. Also, it contributes at the theoretical level, which involves expanding understanding and elucidation of the impacts of ChatGPT in different areas of study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.131-138
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to fill the existing gap in the existing literature by investigating the mediating effect of psychological empowerment between leadership and motivation for workers at retail stores, and to extend the previous research to determine the preferences of the researchers and practitioners in leadership and employee motivation in retail through a systematic approach. Research design, data and methodology: This study used a systematic approach to the mediation effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between leadership and employee motivation in retail stores. To ensure completeness, systematization, and transparency, the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was applied. Results: The research findings (Total Four Mediating Roles) suggest that psychological empowerment may mediate between leadership and employee motivation. These mediation roles (Empowering Leadership Styles, Organizational Culture and Psychological Empowerment, Customer Psychological Empowerment, and High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) and Psychological Empowerment) will help practitioners comprehend how these empowerment and motivation leadership styles are interconnected in the retail industry. Conclusions: The research results indicate that psychological empowerment is essential for employee motivation in the retail sector. Through this knowledge, retail store managers can implement strategies designed to empower employees and create a motivated workforce, bolstering organizational effectiveness.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.49.1-49.11
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• 2023

Recent advances in sequencing technologies and platforms have enabled to generate metagenomics sequences using different sequencing platforms. In this study, we analyzed and compared shotgun metagenomic sequences generated by HiSeq3000 and BGISEQ-500 platforms from 12 sediment samples collected across the Norwegian coast. Metagenomics DNA sequences were normalized to an equal number of bases for both platforms and further evaluated by using different taxonomic classifiers, reference databases, and assemblers. Normalized BGISEQ-500 sequences retained more reads and base counts after preprocessing, while a slightly higher fraction of HiSeq3000 sequences were taxonomically classified. Kaiju classified a higher percentage of reads relative to Kraken2 for both platforms, and comparison of reference database for taxonomic classification showed that MAR database outperformed RefSeq. Assembly using MEGAHIT produced longer assemblies and higher total contigs count in majority of HiSeq3000 samples than using metaSPAdes, but the assembly statistics notably improved with unprocessed or normalized reads. Our results indicate that both platforms perform comparably in terms of the percentage of taxonomically classified reads and assembled contig statistics for metagenomics samples. This study provides valuable insights for researchers in selecting an appropriate sequencing platform and bioinformatics pipeline for their metagenomics studies.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2024

This study uses a large language model (LLM) to identify Aristotle's rhetorical principles (ethos, pathos, and logos) in COVID-19 information on Naver Knowledge-iN, South Korea's leading question-and-answer community. The research analyzed the differences of these rhetorical elements in the most upvoted answers with random answers. A total of 193 answer pairs were randomly selected, with 135 pairs for training and 58 for testing. These answers were then coded in line with the rhetorical principles to refine GPT 3.5-based models. The models achieved F1 scores of .88 (ethos), .81 (pathos), and .69 (logos). Subsequent analysis of 128 new answer pairs revealed that logos, particularly factual information and logical reasoning, was more frequently used in the most upvoted answers than the random answers, whereas there were no differences in ethos and pathos between the answer groups. The results suggest that health information consumers value information including logos while ethos and pathos were not associated with consumers' preference for health information. By utilizing an LLM for the analysis of persuasive content, which has been typically conducted manually with much labor and time, this study not only demonstrates the feasibility of using an LLM for latent content but also contributes to expanding the horizon in the field of AI text extraction.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.623-633
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• 2024

This study systematically reviewed the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of molecular prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer, focusing on the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with hormone receptor status and prognostic biomarkers. Our meta-analysis includes data from 52 studies examining ADC values in relation to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status. The results indicated significant differences in ADC values among different receptor statuses, with ER-positive, PgR-positive, HER2-negative, and Ki-67-positive tumors having lower ADC values compared to their negative counterparts. This study also highlights the potential of advanced DWI techniques such as intravoxel incoherent motion and non-Gaussian DWI to provide additional insights beyond ADC. Despite these promising findings, the high heterogeneity among the studies underscores the need for standardized DWI protocols to improve their clinical utility in breast cancer management.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2024

Hand tracking is currently one of the most promising technologies in XR with the release of extended reality (XR) devices, in which hand tracking is used as the main manipulation. Hand tracking offers advantages in terms of immersion and realism, and as a result, it is being employed in a range of fields, including education, business, and medical care. The archery movement requires using both hands at the same time, but requires sophistication to hit the target and is a movement that has cultural and sports significance in the past. This study aimed to implement this archery movement. Therefore, this paper used the XR Hands package provided by Unity to recognize hand movements, explored the underlying OpenXR, and finally implemented the archery movement and tested it in Meta Quest 2.