• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.433-444
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• 2016

The U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Baengnyeong Group were determined by LA-MC-ICPMS, yielding condensed age population in the range from 1100 Ma to 1800 Ma corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic to late Paleoproterozoic. However, detrital zircons of ca.1800-2000 Ma or ca. 2500 Ma ages, which appear frequently in the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup and the upper Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup are lacking in the Baengnyeong Group. Such characteristics are identical to those of the Neoproterozoic Sangwon System of North Korea, suggesting that the Baengnyeong Group might be the southwestern extension of the Sangwon System. The zircon age distribution patterns from the Impi Formation in the Gunsan area closely resemble those of the Baengnyeong Group, implying possible correlation of the Impi Formation to the Sangwon System. Therefore, the Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons reported from the Hwangangni Formation of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt and the Myobong, Sambangsan and Sesong Formations of the Taebaeksan Basin might be derived from the provenances within the Korean peninsula.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.152-160
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• 2004

$^{40}Ar-^{39}39/Ar$ ages were determined from the biotites and plagioclases separated from the Precambrian gneisses of Gyeonggi Massif. Biotites yield $1,294{\pm}46,\;1,241{\pm}39\;and\;1,217{\pm}39Ma(2{\sigma}\;errors)$, and plagioclases yield $934{\pm}25,\;872{\pm}19,\;819{\pm}15(2{\sigma})Ma$. These ages are significantly different from the U-Pb zircon ages obtained from the identical samples ($1,613{\pm}51~2,168{\pm}24Ma(2{\sigma})$, Song et al., 2001). The ages of biotites and plagioclases can be interpreted to represent independent regional thermal events. The Mesoproterozoic ages recorded by the biotites can be interpreted as a consequence of regional metamorphism followed by differential uplift. We propose that plagioclases record Neoproterozoic ages which are related with igneous activities under the regional extensional regime, related with the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia existed at that time.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1992

The southwestern part of Gyeonggi Massif consists mainly of Archean Seosan and Daesan Groups, and Paleoproterozic Bucheon Group with Bucheon and Seosan gneiss complexes which are members of Gyeonggi gneiss complex. In the eastern part of Dangjin fault, Mesoproterozoic Anyang Group and Anyang granite gneiss occur, and in the western part of the fault Taean Group uncomformably overlies Archean and Paleoproterozoic Groups. Metamorphic facies of Archean Groups is mainly upper amphibolite facies which was overprinted by the second amphibolite facies metamorphism and the third greenschist facies metamorphism. Bucheon and Anyang Groups belong to amphibolite and greenschist facies and are partly overprinted by greenschist facies metamorphism which is characteristic for Taean and Daedong Groups.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.624-629
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• 2005

Numerical data of the geological time scale in Earth Science I, II textbooks and those of University textbooks of Korea and other countries are briefly reviewed. Numerical data of the geologic time scale shown in Earth Science I, II textbooks are mostly out of date and many of them follow those in the University textbooks of Korea. The same situation is apparent for introductory Earth Science or Geology textbooks of other countries as old data exist in their text books as well. There are many new data in the International Stratigraphic Chart (ISC 2000) and International Geologic Time Scale (IGTS 2003) recently updated by International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and A Geologic Time Scale (GTS 2004). Among the new data, some important things are Paleogene and Neogene Periods of Cenozoic Era, Mississippian and Pensilvanian Epochs of Carborniferous Period, Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic Eras of Proterozoic Eon, and Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean, and Neoarchean Eras of Archean Eon. These new data should be used in the new Earth Science textbooks.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1 s.47
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

CHIME (chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron) geochronology were made for Precambrian rocks from Goseong-Ganseong area, northeastern part of the Gyeonggi massif. Zircon and/or monazite grains from orthogneisses give $1672{\pm}69\;to\;1414{\pm}36Ma$ ages, and monazite grains from paragneisses yield similar ages ranging from $1703{\pm}70\;to\;1395{\pm}97Ma$ suggesting that $1.7{\sim}1.4Ga$ igneous intrusions and coeval metamorphisms were occurred over the area. Together with reported prevailing $1.9{\sim}1.8Ga$ igneous activities and regional metamorphism from the Cyeonggi massif, our age data from Goseong-Ganseong area would be potentially correlated with long-lived $(1.8{\sim}1.3Ga)$ global tectonotermal events in marginal outgrowth of supercontinent Columbia which was finally assembled by collisional orogenies at ${\sim}1.8Ga$. Petrological and geochmical studies, however, should be followed to confirm this tectonic interpretation.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2010

To constrain the depositional ages of the Gyeongsang sedimeantary formations, SHRIMP U-Pb ages were determined from detrital zircons in three samples: (1) a pebble-bearing sandstone from the lowermost Jinju Formation of the Sindong Group and (2) two conglomerates from the Silla Conglomerate of the Hayang Group. Their concordia ages are $112.4{\pm}1.3(2{\sigma})$ Ma and $110.4{\pm}2.0(2{\sigma})$ Ma respectively. Such ages represent the maximum deposition ages for the lowermost Jinju Formation and Silla Conglomerate, indicating the deposition of the Jinju Formation started from late Aptian and lasted to early Albian, then deposition of the rather thin Chilgok Formation and Silla Conglomerate was followed during the Albian. The age distribution of the analyzed detrital zircons indicates the presence of protoliths, or zircons derived from them, regarding a wide span of igneous activities from Mesozoic to Archean. Among such ages, there are Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic igneous activities, which have not been known or seldom reported from Korean peninsula. These ages further suggest the possible presence of rocks with such ages during the deposition periods or their derivation through a long river system developed into the continents at the time of deposition.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2021

The Zhenzigou Pb-Zn deposit, one of the largest Pb-Zn deposit in the northeast of China, is located at the Qingchengzi mineral field in Jiao Liao Ji belt. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and monzoritic granite. The Zhenzigou deposit which is a strata bound SEDEX or SEDEX type deposit occurs as layer ore and vein ore in Langzishan formation and Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. Based on mineral petrography and paragenesis, dolomites from this deposit are classified three type (1. dolomite (D₀) as hostrock, 2. dolomite (D₁) in layer ore associated with white mica, quartz, K-feldspar, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite from greenschist facies, 3. dolomite (D₂) in vein ore associated with quartz, apatite and pyrite from quartz vein). The structural formulars of dolomites are determined to be Ca_1.00-1.03Mg_0.94-0.98Fe_0.00-0.06As_0.00-0.01(CO₃)₂(D₀), Ca_0.97-1.16Mg_0.32-0.83Fe_0.10-0.50Mn_0.01-0.12Zn_0.00-0.01Pb_0.00-0.03As_0.00-0.01(CO₃)₂(D₁), Ca_1.00-1.01Mg_0.85-0.92Fe_0.06-0.11 Mn_0.01-0.03As_0.01(CO₃)₂(D₂), respectively. It means that dolomites from the Zhenzigou deposit have higher content of trace elements compared to the theoretical composition of dolomite. Feo and MnO contents of these dolomites (D₀, D₁ and D₂) contain 0.05-2.06 wt.%, 0.00-0.08 wt.% (D₀), 3.53-17.22 wt.%, 0.49-3.71 wt.% (D₁) and 2.32-3.91 wt.%, 0.43-0.95 wt.% (D₂), respectively. The dolomite (D₁) from layer ore has higher content of these trace elements (FeO, MnO, ZnO and PbO) than dolomite (D₀) from hostrock and dolomite (D₂) from quartz vein. Dolomites correspond to Ferroan dolomite (D₀ and D₂), and ankerite and Ferroan dolomite (D₁), respectively. Therefore, 1) dolomite (D₀) from hostrock is a Ferroan dolomite formed by marine evaporative lagoon environment in Paleoproterozoic Jiao Liao Ji basin. 2) Dolomite (D₁) from layer ore is a ankerite and Ferroan dolomite formed by hydrothermal metasomatism origined metamorphism (greenschist facies) associated with Paleoproterozoic intrusion. 3) Dolomte (D₂) from quartz vein is a Ferroan dolomite formed by hydrothermal fluid origined Mesozoic intrusion.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2022

The Xiquegou Pb-Zn deposit is located at the Qingchengzi orefield which is one of the largest Pb-Zn mineralized zone in the northeast of China. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and Mesozoic monzoritic granite. The Xiquegou deposit which is a Triassic magma-hydrothermal type deposit occurs as vein ore filled fractures along fault zone in unit 3 (dolomitic marble and schist) of Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. Xiquegou Pb-Zn deposit consists of quartz, apatite, calcite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stannite, galena, tetrahedrite, electrum, argentite, native silver and pyrargyrite. Wallrock alteration of this deposit contains silicification, pyritization, dolomitization, chloritization and sericitization. Based on mineral petrography and paragenesis, dolomites from this deposit are classified two type (1. dolomite (D₀) as wallrock, 2. dolomite (D₁) as wallrock alteration in Pb-Zn mineralization quartz vein ore). The structural formulars of dolomites are determined to be Ca_1.03-1.01Mg_0.95-0.83Fe_0.12-0.02Mn_0.02-0.00(CO₃)₂(D₀) and Ca_1.16-1.00Mg_0.79-0.44Fe_0.53-0.13Mn_0.03-0.00As_0.01-0.00(CO₃)₂(D₁), respectively. It means that dolomites from the Xiquegou deposit have higher content of trace elements compared to the theoretical composition of dolomite. The dolomite (D₁) from quartz vein ore has higher content of these trace elements (FeO, PbO, Sb₂O₅ and As₂O₅) than dolomite (D₀) from wallrock. Dolomites correspond to Ferroan dolomite (D₀), and ankerite and Ferroan dolomite (D₁), respectively. The structural formular of chlorite from quartz vein ore is (Mg_1.65-1.08Fe_2.94-2.50Mn_0.01-0.00Zn_0.01-0.00Ni_0.01-0.00Cr_0.02-0.00V_0.01-0.00Hf_0.01-0.00Pb_0.01-0.00Cu_0.01-0.00As_0.03-0.00Ca_0.02-0.01Al_1.68-1.61)_5.77-5.73(Si_2.84-2.76Al_1.24-1.16)_4.00O₁₀(OH)₈. It indicated that chlorite of quartz vein ore is similar with theoretical chlorite and corresponds to Fe-rich chlorite. Compositional variations in chlorite from quartz vein ore are caused by mainly octahedral Fe²⁺ <-> Mg²⁺ (Mn²⁺) substitution and partly phengitic or Tschermark substitution (Al^3+,VI+Al^3+,IV <-> (Fe²⁺ 또는 Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV).

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2022

The Zhenzigou Pb-Zn deposit, which is one of the largest Pb-Zn deposit in the northeast of China, is located at the Qingchengzi mineral field in Jiao Liao Ji belt. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and Mesozoic monzoritic granite. The Zhenzigou deposit which is a strata bound SEDEX or SEDEX type deposit occurs as layer ore and vein ore in Langzishan formation and Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. White mica from this deposit are occured only in layer ore and are classified four type (Type I : weak alteration (clastic dolomitic marble), Type II : strong alteration (dolomitic clastic rock), Type III : layer ore (dolomitic clastic rock), Type IV : layer ore (clastic dolomitic marble)). Type I white mica in weak alteration zone is associated with dolomite that is formed by dolomitization of hydrothermal metasomatism. Type II white mica in strong alteration zone is associated with dolomite, ankerite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. Type III white mica in layer ore is associated with dolomite, ankerite, calcite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. And type IV white mica in layer ore is associated with dolomite, quartz and alteration of K-feldspar by hydrothermal metasomatism. The structural formulars of white micas are determined to be (K_0.92-0.80Na_0.01-0.00Ca_0.02-0.01Ba_0.00Sr_0.01-0.00)_0.95-0.83(Al_1.72-1.57Mg_0.33-0.20Fe_0.01-0.00Mn_0.00Ti_0.02-0.00Cr_0.01-0.00V_0.00Sb_0.02-0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.02-0.00)_1.99-1.90(Si_3.40-3.29Al_0.71-0.60)_4.00O₁₀(OH_2.00-1.83F_0.17-0.00)_2.00, (K_1.03-0.84Na_0.03-0.00Ca_0.08-0.00Ba_0.00Sr_0.01-0.00)_1.08-0.85(Al_1.85-1.65Mg_0.20-0.06Fe_0.10-0.03Mn_0.00Ti_0.05-0.00Cr_0.03-0.00V_0.01-0.00Sb_0.02-0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.03-0.00)_1.99-1.93(Si_3.28-2.99Al_1.01-0.72)_4.00O₁₀(OH_1.96-1.90F_0.10-0.04)_2.00, (K_1.06-0.90Na_0.01-0.00Ca_0.01-0.00Ba_0.00Sr_0.02-0.01)_1.10-0.93(Al_1.93-1.64Mg_0.19-0.00Fe_0.12-0.01Mn_0.00Ti_0.01-0.00Cr_0.01-0.00V_0.00Sb_0.00Ni_0.00Co_0.05-0.01)_2.01-1.94(Si_3.32-2.96Al_1.04-0.68)_4.00O₁₀(OH_2.00-1.91F_0.09-0.00)_2.00 and (K_0.91-0.83Na_0.02-0.01Ca_0.02-0.00Ba_0.01-0.00Sr_0.00)_0.93-0.83(Al_1.84-1.67Mg_0.15-0.08Fe_0.07-0.02Mn_0.00Ti_0.04-0.00Cr_0.06-0.00V_0.02-0.00Sb_0.02-0.01Ni_0.00Co_0.00)_2.00-1.92(Si_3.27-3.16Al_0.84-0.73)_4.00O₁₀(OH_1.97-1.88F_0.12-0.03)_2.00, respectively. It indicated that white mica of from the Zhenzigou deposit has less K, Na and Ca, and more Si than theoretical dioctahedral mica. Compositional variations in white mica from the Zhenzigou deposit are caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution [(Al³⁺)^VI+(Al³⁺)^IV <-> (Fe²⁺ or Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV] substitution. It means that the Fe in white mica exists as Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, but mainly as Fe²⁺. Therefore, white mica from layer ore of the Zhenzigou deposit was formed in the process of remelting and re-precipitation of pre-existed minerals by hydrothermal metasomatism origined metamorphism (greenschist facies) associated with Paleoproterozoic intrusion. And compositional variations in white mica from the Zhenzigou deposit are caused by phengitic or Tschermark substitution [(Al³⁺)^VI+(Al³⁺)^IV <-> (Fe²⁺ or Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV] substitution during hydrothermal metasomatism depending on wallrock type, alteration degree and ore/gangue mineral occurrence frequency.