• 분석과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2000

물 중의 미량 수은 화합물을 분리분석하기 위해 초고분자량 폴리에텔렌 막 필터를 이용한 신속 농축방법을 개발하였다. 디티존이 침윤된 폴리에텔렌 막 필터에 시료를 통과시켜 시료 중의 수은을 디티존 착물로서 추출하고, 초음파를 이용해 메탄을 용매상에 회수함으로써 간단하게 농축하였다. 회수된 수은 디티존 착물은 $C_{18}$ 분리관을 이용하여 액체크로마토그래피에 의해 분리하였다. 0.05 M 아세테이트 완충용액(pH 4)과 THF/메탄올(3:5:2)의 혼합액을 이동상으로 사용하여 무기수은과 메틸-, 에틸-, 페닐- 등의 유기수은이 완전 분리되었다. 분리된 수은 착물은 475 nm의 파장에서 검출하였다. 이 방법을 폐수시료에 응용한 결과 ng/mL이하 수준의 검출한계로서 수은 화합물의 분리분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2012

Mercury is emitted to the atmosphere from various natural and anthropogenic sources, and degrades with difficulty in the environment. Mercury exists as various species, mainly elemental ($Hg^0$) and divalent ($Hg^{2+}$) mercury depending on its oxidation states in air and water. Mercury emitted to the atmosphere can be deposited into aqueous environments by wet and dry depositions, and some can be re-emitted into the atmosphere. The deposited mercury species, mainly $Hg^{2+}$, can react with various organic compounds in water and sediment by biotic reactions mediated by sulfur-reducing bacteria, and abiotic reactions mediated by sunlight photolysis, resulting in conversion into organic mercury such as methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg can be bioaccumulated through the food web in the ecosystem, finally exposing humans who consume fish. For a better understanding of how humans are exposed to mercury in the environment, this review paper summarizes the mechanisms of emission, fate and transport, speciation chemistry, bioaccumulation, levels of contamination in environmental media, and finally exposure assessment of humans.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2007년도 춘계 지질과학기술 공동학술대회
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• pp.478-480
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• 2007

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• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2008

This study investigated mercury emission at various combustion conditions and analyzed mercury species in flue gas from coal combustion at a laboratory scale furnace in coal. The results of this study can be used to predict and to assess mercury emission at coal boilers and power plants. The coal used in the plants generally contains about $0.02{\sim}0.28\;mg$ of mercury per kg. Bituminous and anthracite coal used for the experiment contained 0.049 and 0.297 mg/kg of mercury, respectively. Mercury emissions during coal combustion at temperatures range of $600^{\circ}C$ to $1,400^{\circ}C$ was measured and analysed using Ontario Hydro method; the speciation changes were also observed in mercury emissions. The results showed higher fraction of elemental mercury than that of oxidised mercury at most temperatures tested in this experiment. The fraction of elemental mercury was lower in combustion of anthracite coal than in bituminous combustion. As expected, equilibrium calculations and real power plants data showed good similarity. The distribution of particle size in flue gas had the higher peak in size above $2.5\;{\mu}m$. However the peak of mercury enrichment in dust was at $0.3\;{\mu}m$, which could be easily emitted into atmosphere without filtration in combustion system. When the CEA(Chemical equilibrium and Application) code was used for combustion equilibrium calculation, Cl was found to be the important component effecting mercury oxidation, especially at the lower temperatures under $900^{\circ}C$.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.231-251
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• 2010

The sulfatation of chitosan, by reaction with chlorosulfonic acid under controlled conditions, allowed increasing the pH range of chitosan solubility. The biopolymer was characterized using FTIR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and titration analysis and it was tested for mercury recovery by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). In slightly alkaline conditions (i.e., pH 8) mercury recovery was possible and at saturation of the polymer the molar ratio $-NH_2$/Hg(II) tended to 2.6. Polymer recycling was possible changing the pH to 2 and the polymer was reused for 3 cycles maintaining high metal recovery. The presence of chloride ions influences metal speciation and affinity for the polymer and "playing" with metal speciation allowed using the PEUF process for mercury separation from cadmium; at pH 11 the formation of hydroxo-complexes of Hg(II) limits it retention. Cake formation reveals the predominant controlling step for permeation flux.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.283-285
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• 2005

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.365-366
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• 2008

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2014

This study focused on the performance of the newly developed hybrid filter system to capture fine particulate matter and mercury compounds in a coal-fired power plant. The hybrid filter system combining bag-filter and electrostatic precipitator had been developed to remove fine particulate matter. However, it would have a good performance to control mercury compounds as well. In Hybrid filter capture system, the total removal efficiency of total mercury compounds consisting of particulate mercury ($Hg_p$), oxidized mercury ($Hg^{2+}$), and elemental mercury ($Hg^0$) was 66.2%. The speciation of mercury compounds at inlet and outlet of Hybrid filter capture system were 1.3% and 0% of $Hg_p$, 85.2% and 68.1% of $Hg^0$, and 13.5% and 31.9% of $Hg^{2+}$, respectively. In hybrid filter capture system injected with 100% of flue-gas, the removal efficiency of total mercury was calculated to increase to 93.5%.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2012

Mercury is one of the most hazardous air pollutants. Recently, mercury has been a concern in domestic and overseas because it has lethal toxicity, long distance transport, persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Stationary combustion sources such as coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators, and cement kilns are the major sources of mercury emissions. The objectives of this study were to measure the concentration for mercury from coal-fired power plants and to calculate emission factor to estimate its emission. The results showed that the mercury concentrations in the flue gas were 1.63-3.03 mg/$Sm^3$ in anthracite-fired power plants (average 2.32 mg/$Sm^3$) and 1.95-3.33 mg/$Sm^3$ in bituminous-fired power plants (average 2.6 mg/$Sm^3$). Mercury emission factor was estimated as 25.74 mg/ton for anthracite-fired power plants and 12.48 mg/ton for bituminous-fired power plants. Because actual measurements are limited in quantity, it is desirable to refine our estimates by extending the actual measurements.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2010

유해대기오염물질인 중금속의 배출은 그 위해성으로 인해 엄격한 법적 규제를 하는 등 지대한 관심이 기우려지고 있다. 무연탄을 사용하는 상용 화력발전시설로부터 배출되는 중금속의 농도 및 배출특성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 대상 발전시설은 순환 유동층 연소로, 싸이클론, 보일러, 전기집진기 설비로 구성되었고 가스상 수은을 포함한 주요 중금속의 농도를 측정하기 위해 분진과 가스상 시료를 전기집진기(ESP) 전단과 연돌에서 측정하였다. 총 먼지량(TPM), PM-10, PM-2.5와 같은 입자상 물질의 배출량은 ESP 전단에서 각각 23,274, 9,555, $7,790mg/Sm^3$로 매우 높았으며, 이는 예측했던 바와 같이 미분탄 화력발전소보다 높은 수치였다. 그러나 ESP에 의한 먼지의 제거효율이 높기 때문에 연돌에서의 총 먼지량은 $0.16mg/Sm^3$ 정도였다. 마찬가지로 중금속 배출량 또한 ESP에서 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 입도분포와 입경 범위 별 중금속 농축 정도에 대한 데이터를 살펴볼 때 일부 금속의 농도는 작은 입경 범위에서 더 농축된 것을 보여 입자의 크기와 상관관계를 지어 볼 수 있었다. 수은의 경우 다른 금속들과 다르게 높은 휘발성 때문에 대부분이 가스 상태로 배출되며 그로 인하여 수은의 제거효율은 68% 정도로 다른 중금속들에 대한 제거효율보다 낮았다. ESP를 지나면서 수은 화학종이 원소수은에서 산화수은으로 변하는 것이 확인되었으며, 그로 인하여 습식세정탑이 설비된 다른 석탄 화력발전소에서는 원소 수은이 지배적인 데 반해 본 시설의 경우 연돌에서 총 수은의 절반 정도만 원소수은이었다.