• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate preferred clothing selected by females for thermal comfort in follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) of the menstrual cycle. Eight healthy college students volunteered as subjects. They stayed for 60 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$, 55%RH (stage 1) for baseline followed by a 60 minute stay at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 55%RH (stage 2) in a climatic chamber. Obtained results were analyzed using paired t-test and repeated measures of ANOVA. Arm and hand skin temperatures were maintained higher in FP than in LP, while mean skin temperature did not show any significant difference between FP and LP. The subjects selected additional clothing faster in FP than in LP. Six of the subjects wore heavier clothing in FP than in LP, while two of them wore heavier in LP than in FP.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of these cases is to report the effects of oriental medicine on two patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: Two patients who had amenorrhea and hot flashes caused by premature ovarian failure were treated by oriental medicine such as herb medication. We estimated the effects of treatments by follow-up measurements of serum hormone level, menstrual cycle and symptoms. Besides, follicle and endometrium were checked by ultrasonography for academic research.Results After treatments, their symptoms of premature ovarian failure were improved and the menstrual cycle resumed. And the level of serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone decreased and the level of serum E₂ increased.Conclusions Two cases shows that oriental medicine has effects on patients with premature ovarian failure by follow-up measurements of serum hormone level, menstrual cycle and symptoms.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.108-126
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment in case of irregular menstruation (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea) patients due to Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). There are some case reports about effectiveness of the Korean medical treatment to this disease, but cases are still deficient. And this case has significance for ascertaining PCOS patients' ovulation. Methods: 6 Amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea patients with PCOS were treated with Korean medical treatment (herbal medicine, moxibustion, acupuncture) at least 3 months. We estimated the effects of treatments through the change of menstrual pattern. Also, we checked follicles by ultrasonography for ovulation. Results: All patients recovered ovulatory menstrual cycle after taking Korean medical treatment for 3~9 months. Conclusions: These cases show the Korean medical treatment is effective on PCOS patients with irregular menstruation by recovering ovulatory menstrual cycle.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to examine health status, reproductive health problems and the degree of prenatal management in working women. Method: The subjects were 902 married working women among 2,000 women selected by cluster sampling. The work area was classified to product factory, school, office, etc. After an Informed consent was obtained, participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The instruments included a questionnaire, parity check list, menstrual problems and gynecologic problem check list. Result: Many women have experienced menstrual cycle change during the past year. There was a significant difference in general health, menstrual regularity, reproductive health and prenatal management by occupation type. 40.6 percent of the subjects have gynecological problems such as menstrual cycle change, perineal inflammation, irregular vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, ovarian/uterine disease, infertility, or abortion. Prenatal care was received in only 28.5% of the total subjects. In addition, 16.3% answered they had experienced low birth weight babies. Conclusion: We can conclude that working woman have changes in menstruation cycle and in reproductive health status. Therefore, we suggest that some occupational characteristics may affect subject's reproductive health, these should be clear and avoided as much as possible.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s are believed to one of several growth factors that play an adjunctive role in ovarian follicular development. These factors circulate bound to a family of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)s. It is known that circulating IGFBPs are involved in the transport of IGFs to tissues and modulate IGFs actions at local tissue. The purposes of this study were to evaluate changes in serum IGFBPs profiles during normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and to compare serum IGFBPs profiles in periovulatory phase of between normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 15 normal healthy women throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle and on the day of aspiration of oocyte from 10 patients undergoing ovarian hyperstimuation for in vito fertilization-embryo transfer. Serum IGFBP-1 - IGFBP-4 were measured by western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation. Serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol was determined by radioimmunoassay. Type and molecular weight of serum IGFBP did not changed during normal ovulatory menstural cycle. No significant variation in the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP was found throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle. Also, the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP did not correlated with serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol level. There was no significant difference in the relative proportion and level of each serum IGFBP between on the day of ovulation in normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and on the day of aspiration of oocyte in controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Our data indicate that IGFBPs have regulatory functions in ovary through an paracrine and autocrine rather than endocrine mechanism during normal ovulatory menstural cycle.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.528-548
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of college women s active and passive smoking on menstrual discomfort. The subjects were 252 college female students (active smokers, 71; people who passively inhaled others smoke, 104; nonsmokers who also didn't inhale others smoke, 77). Subjects were selected from 5 colleges in North Kyong Sang Province, Korea. Data was collected from March to June of 2000 with a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the revised Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) developed by Moos(1968), general characteristic, menstrual characteristic, and smoking characteristic scale developed by researchers. The data were analysed by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant difference of menstrual discomfort level among the active smokers, those who passively inhaled others smoke, and who did not inhale others smoke(F= 2.613, p= .075). 2. The mean score of menstrual discomfort was moderate(M= 60.8008, SD= 17.9243). The level of menstrual discomfort was various (minimum score 29.00- maximum score 110.0). 3. Factors influencing menstrual discomfort were on life stress events(F= 4.057, p = .045), irregular menstrual cycle(t = 3.968, p = .047), and amount of flow during menstruation(F = 4.018, p = .019). The recommendations from this study are necessity of further studies to investigate how heavy active and passive smoking have effect on menstrual discomfort.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-321
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• 2018

Purpose: To examine the effect of menstrual self-management education program on knowledge and behavior of menstrual self-management in high school girls. Methods: With a randomized controlled trial, 100 high school girl students were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. Menstruation self-management program was consisted of a total of four sessions of education program (1 hour of education per session). Control group only received the first class of education. Measurement tools were 20-item menstrual knowledge scale and 12-item women's genito-urinary hygiene scale. Pretest and post-test questionnaires were administered. Results: There were significant differences in menstrual knowledge as well as menstrual self-management behavior between the two groups. The experimental group showed significant improvement in both menstrual knowledge score (t=13.37, p<.001) and menstrual self-management behavior score (t=8.38, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the monthly self-management education program is effective in increasing the knowledge of menstruation of female high school students and enhancing their performance. This program needs to be implemented as a part of high school's standard sex education. Further study is needed to analyze follow-up effects of the program on self-management behavior of students after at least one menstrual cycle.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

1. Objective To investigate characteristics of menstrual patterns according to Sasang Constitutional disease, and to utilize for diagnosis and treatment of Sasang Constitutional disease. 2. Method The recruited subjects were 430 women who convinced their Sasang Constitution by taking herbal medicine and improving of chief complaint. The items of data contain age at menarche, age at menopause, menstrual cycle, menstrual duration, cyclic regularity of menstruation, severity of menstrual pain, the worst day of menstrual pain, type of menstrual pain, amount of menstruation. 3. Results 1) Severity of menstrual pain, the worst day of menstrual pain, menstrual pain accompanied with nausea were significant among Sasang Constitutional diseases. 2) In Bae-chu-pyo-byeong disease (背椎表病證), Wi-wan-han disease (胃院寒證), So-eum disease (少陰證) and Tae-eum disease (太陰證), menstrual pain was severer than other diseases. 3) In Hae-yeok disease and So-yang-sang-pung disease (少陽傷風證), the worst day of menstrual pain was a day before menstruation. In Hyung-gyeok-yeol disease (胸膈熱證), Tae-eum disease (太陰證), So-eum disease (少陰證), the frequency of a day after menstruation in the worst day of menstrual pain was higher than other diseases. In Wi-wan-han disease (胃院寒證), Mang-yang disease (亡陽證), the frequency of two day after menstruation in the worst day of menstrual pain was higher than other diseases. 4) In So-yang-sang-pung disease (少陽傷風證), Mang-eum disease (亡陰證), Eum-heo-o-yeol diasese (陰虛午熱證), Ul-gwang disease (鬱狂證), Tae-eum disease (太陰證), So-eum disease (少陰證), the frequency of menstrual pain accompanied with nausea were higher than other diseases. 4. Conclusion Menstrual patterns, especially menstrual pain is different among Sasang Constitutional diseases. Assessing menstrual pain can be used for diagnosing Sasang Constitutional diseases, deciding treatment course, determinating prognosis.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2009

$^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT는 암세포에서 당 대사가 항진되는 현상을 이용하여 암환자의 진단에 폭넓게 사용 되고 있으며, 악성 종양에 대부분 섭취 되는 것이 일반적이지만, 정상 조직에도 섭취되는 경우도 있다. 이러한 현상은 보통 소화기계에서 빈번히 일어나며, 월경을 하는 가임기 여성에게서 자궁 주위에서의 섭취가 일어나기도 한다. 특히 가임기 여성은 월경에서 각 주기 동안 난소는 월경기, 증식기, 배란기, 분비기 이렇게 4단계의 주기를 거친다. 이러한 월경 주기에 따른 $^{18}F$-FDG 섭취는 영상에 다양한 영향이 미치기 때문에, 본 연구는 자궁의 $^{18}F$-FDG 섭취와 월경주기와의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 1월부터 2009년 3월까지 부인과 질환이 없고 월경이 규칙적인 $38{\pm}7.93$세 여성 환자 200명을 대상으로 하였다. 검사 전 6~8시간 금식 후 $^{18}F$-FDG 370 MBq를 정맥주사하고, 1시간 동안 충분한 휴식 후 전신 PET/CT 검사를 시행하였다. 영상 분석은 CT 영상으로 난소와 자궁의 위치를 정확히 파악한 후 같은 위상의 영상에서 표준화섭취계수를 측정하여 분석하였다. 월경주기에 따라 SUV의 변화가 크지는 않았지만, 분명 차이가 있었으며, 월경기 $SUV_{max}$는 $3.17{\pm}1.59$, $SUV_{avg}$는 $2.89{\pm}1.04$였고, 증식기 $SUV_{max}$는 $2.98{\pm}1.14$, $SUV_{avg}$는 $2.40{\pm}0.88$였다. 그리고 배란기 $SUV_{max}$는 $3.71{\pm}1.67$, $SUV_{avg}$는 $3.59{\pm}1.76$였고, 분비기 $SUV_{max}$는 $3.1{\pm}1.80$, $SUV_{avg}$는 $2.58{\pm}1.39$였다. 가임기 여성은 월경 주기에 따라 자궁과 난소에서 일정한 주기로 변화가 일어나며, 이에 따라 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT에서도 변화가 일어난다. 월경기, 증식기, 배란기, 분비기 이렇게 4단계의 주기를 가지고 영상에서 변화가 일어나므로, 검사 전 가임기 여성의 월경 주기를 파악하여 검사 시에 활용한다면, 자궁주변의 병변의 진단에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제1권
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• pp.15-54
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• 1992

The present study was accomplished to investigate the relation between menstrual cycle and ovulation by studying the fluctuation of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum samples of selected senior high school women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungijongoktang which was a widely used herb medicine for controlling abnormal menstrual cycles. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. There was a significant increase of FSH concentration in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the preovulatory phase. 2. Jokyungiongoktang produced a significant elevation od LH concentration in women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles, respectively, during the critical interval of ovulation. 3. Estrogen concentration was significantly decreased in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the critical interval of ovulation. 4. Peogesterone concentration significantly increase in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang, respectively, during the postovulatory phase. According to the above results, it can be considered that Jokyungjongoktang restore menstruation and pregnancy-related hormones to normal serum levels of women with normal menstrual cycles by activating maturation of ovum and action of estrogen during the preovulatory phase, ovulation and progesterone synthesis during the critical interval of ovulation, and nidation and endometrium sufficient for the continued pregnacy during the postovulatory phase in women with delayed menstrual cycles.