• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mencius

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Good Life and Happiness as emotion: Focusing on the ideas of Pleasure alone(tongnak) and Sharing pleasure with the people(Yeomin-dongnak) in Chapter 1 of Mencius (행복감과 좋은 삶: 『맹자』, 「양혜왕」장의 독락(獨樂)과 여민동락(與民同樂)의 이해를 중심으로)

  • LEE, Chan
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • no.115
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    • pp.1-29
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    • 2016
  • I will critically argue the Mencian idea of sharing pleasure with the people in the light of happiness as emotion. Happiness as a subjective mental state can make troubles with good life in being at odds with real lives. Thus, what pursues genuine happiness goes back to a classical question of how one ought to live for good life over the subjective mental state. For this, I will focus on concepts of 'pleasure alone (tongnak)' and 'sharing pleasure with the people(yeomin-dongnak)', which can be seen in the dialogue between Mencius and King Xuan of Qi. I will show that king Xuan's pleasure as subjective happiness has discord with his good life because of the hierarchy of his desire. I will explain how to unify good life with pleasant one by the idea of sharing pleasure with the people provided by Mencius and examine certain dynamics of sympathy and mutual understanding under solidarity. Moreover, I will investigate how such power of sympathy as compassion can be connected with sharing pleasure with the people. Compassion and yeomin-dongnak can be captured by the golden rule of a measure to gauge others(shu). I will delve into how to differ from one another and summarize Confucian idea of yeomin-dongnak as happiness in terms of the theoretical frame related to good life(welfare). I briefly conclude how subjective happiness can contribute to making our lives better.

Mou's 'Intellectual Intuition' and Kant's The Aesthetic (모종삼의 '지적 직관'과 칸트의 심미성)

  • Kim, young-kun
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.34
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    • pp.363-385
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    • 2009
  • I criticize Mou's moral metaphysics and propose the alternative depending on Kant's analysis on the sublime. (1) Mou's moral metaphysics conflicts with the scientific world view. (2) Kant's 'aesthetic space' does not conflict with the scientific world view. Futhermore, Kant's 'aesthetic space' satisfies the conditions which Mou's moral metaphysics requires. (3) Mencius's autonomous morality is not sufficient for justifying the moral law or categorical imperative. (4) At this point, the sublime plays the important role in bridging between nature and morality. (5) In Kant's context, the possibility of the autonomous moral action is achieved on the basis of the educated feeling of the sublime.

Confucian View of Self-realization and Context of Life: With a focus on Viewpoint of Confucius and Mencius (유교의 자아실현과 삶의 맥락 - 공자와 맹자의 시선을 중심으로 -)

  • Shin, Chang Ho
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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    • no.29
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    • pp.153-178
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this research was to examine the traditional Confucian view of self-realization in East Asia and the meaning of life implied therein. The researcher closely reviewed the phase of self-realization of both Confucius and Mencius who are central in Confucianism, especially in the primordial Confucianism, and after investigating maturity of personality as well as educational characteristics thereof, the researcher tried to elicit its modern significance. In Analects, Confucius who is the founder of Confucianism mentioned about 'the pleasure of studying and practicing what he has learned'(學而時習 "Hagisiseup" in Korean), since after, his past was then just the process of self-realization that lasted throughout life. That is, the six phases of self-realization, to wit, 'bending on learning(志學, "Jihak")-'standing firm'(而立, "Irip")-'having no doubts'(不惑, "Bulhok")-'knowing the decrees of Heaven'(知天命, "Jicheonmyeong")-'ear being obedient organ for the reception of truth' (耳順, "Isun")-'able to follow what my heart desires without transgressing what is right'(從心, "Jongsim"), are lying hidden and undeveloped during lifetime, and, at the same time, these phases illustrate the state of enlightenment of life in an in-depth manner. By showing the process of living which is being sublimated in respect of quality, and by going through important process of self-innovation up to six times during lifetime, Confucius edifies us the activity of complete self-realization as well as the importance of education and learning. Meanwhile, these are connected to Mencius in a similar pattern, and strong influence of the characteristics of the learning of the mind and heart( 心學, "Simhak") based on his philosophy permeates the self-actualization phase of Mencius. Mencius' self-actualization phase is expressed in terms of six stages, viz., Person of Goodness(善人, "Seonin")-Trustworthy Person(信人, "Sinin")-Person of Beauty(美人, "Miin")-Great Person(大人, "Daein")-Sage(聖人, "Seongin")-Divine Person(神人, "Sinin"), and these six phases of self-actualization process are educational and learning model for people who dream actualization of perfect personality during their lifetime. Confucian and Mencian view of self-realization congruent with self-discipline internally, and it also reveals a stereotype of human externally. These are a process of performing organic ideals in order for cultivating oneself and regulating others(修己治人, pronounced 'sugichiin' in Korean) which has been pursued by Confucianism. Briefly, these self-realization phases are the arts of living that will lay foundation for "Being Born Human, pronounced Saramim' in Korean" and for becoming "Fully Human, 'Sarmadoem'" and finally for "Human Feelingness, 'Saramdaum'

《논어(論語)》 《맹자(孟子)》 중(中)의 양사운용(量詞運用)

  • Kim, Dae-Hwan
    • 중국학논총
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    • no.69
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    • pp.25-51
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    • 2021
  • 漢語量詞有着悠久的歷史傳統, 種類和數量也豊富多彩。在先秦典籍中的稱數方式, 數詞直接修飾名詞爲最普遍的語法現象。最初量詞起於度量衡和貨幣單位, 以逐漸擴大到普通名詞, 雖名詞代替量詞角色, 而詞性仍是无法改變而保持着實詞功能, 因此在量名的語法功能上混淆不清。量詞随着社会變化和發展而大量出現, 也逐漸脱离名詞角色而獨立活動, 詞性也虚化而變成完整的量詞。《論》 《孟》時期乃爲量詞的初期階段, 雖然能見到名量詞的出現, 而動量詞尚未達到成熟階段。《論語》中的量詞出現不甚多, 結构類型也可以看到初期量詞的形狀。《孟子》中的量詞多于《論語》中的出現頻度, 但不能算是大幅度地增加, 二書所有的用例313个當中, 出現在《孟子》的235个例子占有總數的75.1%。幷且類似于現代漢語的量詞類型就是"數量名"結构形式, 《孟子》中一共有64个例子出現, 占有總數的80%。這是表明在先秦時期中的量詞認眞地遵從語言發展的規律。

The Collection of Jon Gyung Gak (존경각장서(尊經閣藏書)에 관한 일고찰(一考察))

  • Lee, Choon-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.15-30
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    • 1972
  • Jon Gyunk Gak established in 1475 was the library of Sung Kyun Kwan which was the only university in the period of Yi Dynasty. For the study of library histories of Korea, particularly the libraries of high learning institutions the Jon Gyung Gak library acquires a greater importance. The collection of Jon Gyung Gak consisted mainly of Chinese classics such as the works of Confucius, Mencius, or the books about histories which were the textbooks of students in those days. But the books about Laoism or Buddhism were strictly forbiddened, and also books like medicine or agriculture pertaining to technical sciences were disregarded. The Jon Gyung Gak was destroyed by fire in 1514 and suffered severely again by the 1m Chin War in 1590's, but the library had been made constant efforts to maintain its collections for the performance of educational functions. This paper gives special emphasis to analyzing the collection of Jon Gyung Gak by its chronological order.

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Confucianism 0n Morals(Human virtue:德) and Profit(利) (유가에서 도덕(道德)과 이재(利財))

  • Lim, Heongyu
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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    • no.31
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    • pp.143-171
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    • 2011
  • Confucius asserted that the most humane life is to realize the value of 'benevolence(仁) as a human Virtue(德). Mencius also concurred that Confucius's explication of the good life was right. Confucian human mind & it's nature is comprised of benevolence, righteousness(義), propriety(禮) and wisdom(智). Confucianism proposed that we have to approach to other man as benevolence(仁). Mencius discussed about 'Four Virtues(四德)', the essential goodness of human, confirmed by 'Four Clues (四端)' to talk about the possibility of realizing the good life and a good state. On the other hand, he devised Politics of benevolence(仁政)' as a practical tool for it. Confucianism consider a human beings as human relationship. Confucius said, "benevolence(仁) is to love all men, and wisdom to know all men"In generally, Profit(利) is subject to righteousness in Confucianism. Therefore, Confucius said, "When you see Profit, think about Righteousness "But Confucius understands that Profit is ground for the constitution of 'Good life', and 'good State.'In Confucianism, Human Virtue is the root, Wealth is the result. In a State Gain is not to be considered propriety, its propriety will be found in righteousness.

Classical philosophy on human virtue and good life : Platon And Confucianism (고전 유가에서 인간의 덕과 훌륭한 삶 : 플라톤과의 대조를 통해서)

  • Lim, Heongyu
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.41
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    • pp.333-359
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    • 2010
  • Both in the East and the West, the most classical question in classical political philosophy was 'what is truly a human virtue and a good life?' 'Human virtue' and 'Good life', and 'good State' are thus essentially tied together. Platon And Confucianism. We began with Platon and Confucianism's definitions of human virtue & good life, and 'good State'. This Essay attempts to systematically approach to what Confucianism thinks as a human virtue and a good life in contrast with Platon. Confucius asserted that the most humane human life is a civilized life and it means to realize the value of 'benevolence as a human virtue. 'Mencius also concurred that Confucius's explication of the good life was right. Moreover, he argued that to realize this, political practice should follow. Mencius discussed about 'Four Virtues', the essential goodness of human, confirmed by 'Four Clues (四端)' to talk about the possibility of realizing the good life and a good state. On the other hand, he devised Politics of benevolence.)' as a practical tool for it. An classica eastern philosophy(platon and confucianism) consider a human beings as human relationship. Confucianism believe in reality of the human mind & it's nature. Confucian human mind & it's nature is comprised of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. Confucianism proposed that we have to approach to other man as benevolence.

Case Studies on the Leadership of Mothers Who Brought up Leaders (리더를 길러낸 어머니 리더십의 사례연구)

  • Kim, Kyoung-A
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.46 no.7
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    • pp.21-33
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    • 2008
  • The first step towards rearing children to become healthy leaders of the next generation should be taken by the mothers the CEOs of families who possess exemplary leadership skills. To examine the current status of the leadership of mothers, this paper first selects leaders-domestic and abroad-across all areas by studying various sources. Then focusing on the cases in which the mothers played a positive influence in bringing up their children, this paper examines concrete practical strategies of such successful leadership. The case study classifies the leadership, which requires soft power to change the world, into four types: self assurance, creative reform, communication and empowerment. The subjects to these studies are Kwak Nak-Won, the mother of Kim Gu, Gu Maeng Gyuck, the mother of Mencius, Grace Welch, the mother of Jack Welch, and Yoo Hyun Gyung, the mother of Kim Jin-Ho. The paper examines the leadership capacity of each of these figures. This paper concludes that when mothers exercise positive leadership and the child naturally experiences the synergy effect with the mother, he or she naturally becomes a charismatic social leader.

A Study on the Main Categories and Educational Influence of Chinese Ancient Humanism (중국 고대 인성론의 주요 범주와 교육적 영향)

  • JANG, Jong-Won
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.137-149
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    • 2016
  • Human development is the important role of education. There were thinkers of China emphasized the importance of education. These are divided into two general point of view. One theory is that as the representative of Mencius, Xuncius. Environment and education will be acquired this means that there is a crucial human development. $S{\grave{o}}ng$, $M{\acute{i}}ng$ dynasty came to the training began to do research for a decisive action. The other is to represent the viewpoint of Dongzhongshu, $H{\acute{a}}nyu$. According to their education was not to transcend the inherent limitations. Educator of ancient China have had a perspective that humanity can change. Humans show the progress theory emphasizes the potential of toughness as compared to the effect of the training point of view was divided into three classes emphasize the birth. Debate and the search for the humanity of the ancient educator had left us a valuable ideological material. Their perspective on a variety of personality is judged that there are many still take part in educational as well as the value of exploring far today.

Study on Confucian Politics about the Annals of the Choson Dynasty through Big Data Analysis (조선왕조실록의 빅데이터분석을 통한 유교정치 연구)

  • Moon, HyeJung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.253-261
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to find the theories of public policy in Confucian politics during Choson Dynasty. As a result of the analysis, there are five implications. First, the area of Confucian policy of Choson consisted in authority, organization, financial policy, affection for the people, and li(ritual propriety). Second, major political context had been maintained from King Se-Jong, through King Sung-Jong and King Yeong-Jo to King Jeong-Jo in the perspective of dynasties' characteristic. Third, there were major ideas on Confucius's idea for li in early period, $Zh{\bar{u}}z{\check{i}}^{\prime}s$ idea for the authority in late period and Mencius's idea for financial policy in major risk situation. Fourth, there were five periods with establishment, foundation, crisis, restoration and collapse in the change of public policy. Fifth, $Zh{\bar{u}}z{\check{i}}^{\prime}$ and $Ch{\acute{e}}ng{\cdot}zi$ had influenced bigger than Confucius as a factors of policy making. This study has been promoted the complement of context analysis and understanding of semantic analysis with implementing dictionary using two language with Korean and Chinese.