• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2004

The free radical scavenging activities and the protective effects of Rhus javanica extracts against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions were prepared from a methanol extract. DPPH radical, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were estimated. Intracellular ROS formation was quantified using fluorescent probes, 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) for hydroxyl radical and dihydroethidium (DHE) for superoxide anion. The oxidative DNA damage was investigated by the comet assay in HepG$_2$ cells exposed either to $H_2O$$_2$ or to menadione. The highest $IC_{50}$/ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction with a value of 5.38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Cells pretreated with $\geq$ 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the ethyl acetate extract had significantly increased cell viability compared to control cells, which were not pretreated with the extract. Intracellular ROS formation and DNA damage in HepG$_2$ cells, which were pretreated with the various concentrations of Rhus javanica ethyl acetate extract and then incubated either with $H_2O$$_2$ or with menadione, reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Rhus javanica might have biologically active components which have strong protective effects against ROS induced oxidative damages to the biomolecules, such as cell membranes and DNA.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the algicidal characteristics of cashew nut oil (CNO) and to develop CNO mixtures with other compounds having synergistic effects on the growth inhibition against a blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. Among tested CNOs, CNO with higher anacardic acid contents (Ana-A) exhibited the best algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa. Ana-A showed broad algicidal spectrum with particular greater activity against blue-green algae than green algae. Ana-A showed the greatest activity against to Oscillatoria tenuis ($IC_{50}=0.19{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) among the tested blue-green algae and to Chlorella vulgaris ($IC_{50}=4.54{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) among the tested green algae, respectively. In a mixture experiment to evaluate a chemical interaction in M. aeruginosa control, Ana-A showed a strong synergistic effect with MSB and menadione, mild synergistic effect with citric acid, and additive effect with chryspophanol, copper sulfate and quinoclamine. Taken together, our results suggest that CNO containing higher anacardic acid can be used as an eco-friendly natural algicide for selective control of blue-green algae such as M. aeruginosa and O. tenuis through an optimization of application rate and in combination with synergists such as MSB and menadione.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

The COX-2/$PGE_2$ pathway has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The underlying mechanisms facilitating the production of COX-2 and its mediator, $PGE_2$, in cancer survival remain unknown. Herein, we investigated $PGE_2$-induced COX-2 expression and signaling in HL-60 cells following menadione treatment. Treatment with $PGE_2$ activated anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while reducing pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby enhancing cell survival. $PGE_2$ not only induced COX-2 expression, but also prevented casapse-3, PARP, and lamin B cleavage. Silencing and inhibition of COX-2 with siRNA transfection or treatment with indomethacin led to a pronounced reduction of the extracellular levels of $PGE_2$, and restored the menadione- induced cell death. In addition, pretreatment of cells with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated the $PGE_2$-induced expression of COX-2, suggesting involvement of the MAPK and PKA pathways. These results demonstrate that $PGE_2$ signaling acts in an autocrine manner, and specific inhibition of $PGE_2$ will provide a novel approach for the treatment of leukemia.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

PI3-kinase activity through p85, the regulatory subunit of class IA PI3-kinase, is indispensable for the growth, differentiation, and survival of skeletal muscle cells, but little is known about the function of other regulatory subunits such as p55 and p50. We examined the subcellular localization and the expression of the regulatory subunits of class IA PI3-kinase in L6 myoblasts. Both p55 and p50 as well as p85 were expressed in L6 myoblasts. Whereas p85 was localized at both cytosolic and nuclear tractions, p55 and p50 were localized at only the nuclear traction. During the differentiation of L6 myoblasts, the protein concentrations of both p55 and p50 were decreased but that of p85 was not significantly changed. Menadione-induced oxidative stress induced the translocation of p85 from cytosol to nucleus and the increase of p55 expression. These results suggest that the regulatory subunits of class IA PI3-kinase play an important role in L6 myoblasts.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2007

In order to understand the functional role of CPRl in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 with regard to its multi-tolerance characteristics against high temperatures, inorganic acids, and oxidative stress conditions, whole cellular proteins were analyzed via liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). This procedure was followed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Under menadione stress conditions, the 23 upregulated proteins were clearly identified only in the wild- type strain of KNU5377. Among the proteins, Sodl1p Tsa1p, Ahp1, Cpr1p, Cpr3, Ssb2p, and Hsp12p were identified as components of antioxidant systems or protein-folding related systems. The CPR1 protein could not be completely detected in the $cpr1{\Delta}$ mutant of KNU5377 and the other upregulated proteins in the wild-type strain evidenced a clear correlation with the results of immunoblot analysis. Moreover, a reduction in growth patterns (about 50%) could be observed in the $cpr1{\Delta}$ mutant, as compared with that of the wild-type strain under mild MD stress conditions. These results indicate that the upregulation of CPR1 may contribute to tolerance against MD as an inducer of oxidative stress.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.335-345
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• 2020

Tomato grey mould has been one of the destructive fungal diseases during tomato production. Ten mM of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) was applied to tomato plants for eco-friendly control of the grey mould. MSB-reduced tomato grey mould in the 3rd true leaves was prolonged at least 7 days prior to the fungal inoculation of two inoculum densities (2 × 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁵ conidia/ml) of Botrytis cinerea. Protection efficacy was significantly higher in the leaves inoculated with the lower disease pressure of conidial suspension compared to the higher one. MSB-pretreatment was not effective to arrest oxalic acid-triggered necrosis on tomato leaves. Plant cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were restricted in necrotic lesions of the B. cinereainoculated leaves by the MSB-pretreatment. Decreased conidia number and germ-tube elongation of B. cinerea were found at 10 h, and mycelial growth was also impeded at 24 h on the MSB-pretreated leaves. MSB-mediated disease suppressions were found in cotyledons and different positions (1st to 5th) of true leaves inoculated with the lower conidial suspension, but only 1st to 3rd true leaves showed decreases in lesion sizes by the higher inoculum density. Increasing MSB-pretreatment times more efficiently decreased the lesion size by the higher disease pressure. MSB led to inducible expressions of defence-related genes SlPR1a, SlPR1b, SlPIN2, SlACO1, SlChi3, and SlChi9 in tomato leaves prior to B. cinerea infection. These results suggest that MSB pretreatment can be a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for environment-friendly management of tomato grey mould.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 1971

Comparatives studies were made on stabilities of some hormons, used individually and combined with some stabilizers, and the following results were found. 1. The increasing order of antiallergic hormons (prednisolone, dexamethasone) to the stabilities as follows : Chlorpheniramine>Menadione>Inositol>Ascorbic acid. 2. The increasing order of sulfonylureas in as follows : Chlorpheniramine>Thiamine>Inositol>Ascorbic acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.80.1-80.1
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• 2007

See Full Text

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2007

The Saccharomyces0 cerevisiae KNU5377 strain, which was isolated from spoilage in nature, has the ability to convert biomass to alcohol at high temperatures and it can resist against various stresses [18, 19]. In order to understand the defense mechanisms of the KNU5377 strain under menadione (MD) as oxidative stress, we used several techniques for study: peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) followed by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) technology. Among the 35 proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS, 19 proteins including Sod1p, Sod2p, Tsa1p, and Ahp1p were induced under stress condition, while 16 proteins were augmented under normal condition. In particular, five proteins, Sod1p, Sod2p, Ahp1p, Rib3p, Yaf9p, and Mnt1p, were induced in only stressed cells. By LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 37 proteins were identified in normal cells and 49 proteins were confirmed in the stressed cells. Among the identified proteins, 32 proteins were found in both cells. Five proteins including Yel047cp and Met6p were only upregulated in the normal cells, whereas 17 proteins including Abp1P and Sam1p were elevated in the stressed cells. It was interesting that highly hypothetical proteins such as Ynl281wp, Ygr279cp, Ypl273wp, Ykl133cp, and Ykr074wp were only expressed in the stressed cells. SELDI-TOF analysis using the SAX2 and WCX2 chips showed that highly multiple-specific protein patterns were reproducibly detected in ranges from 2.9 to 27.0 kDa both under normal and stress conditions. Therefore, induction of antioxidant proteins, hypothetical proteins, and low molecular weight proteins were revealed by different proteomic techniques. These results suggest that comparative analyses using proteomics might contribute to elucidate the defense mechanisms of KNU5377 under MD stress.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2022

Objective: Sperm is particularly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant that regulates sperm redox homeostasis. However, it is not clear whether boar sperm could utilize cysteine for synthesis GSH to protect sperm quality from ROS damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of how cysteine is involved in protecting boar sperm quality during liquid storage. Methods: Sperm motility, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxyIlonenal (4-HNE) modifications, mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the levels of ROS, GSH, and, ATP were evaluated. Moreover, the enzymes (GCLC: glutamate cysteine ligase; GSS: glutathione synthetase) that are involved in glutathione synthesis from cysteine precursor were detected by western blotting. Results: Compared to the control, addition of 1.25 mM cysteine to the liquid storage significantly increased boar sperm progressive motility, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, beat-cross frequency, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, acrosome integrity, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and GSH level, while reducing the ROS level, lipid peroxidation and 4-HNE modifications. It was also observed that the GCLC and GSS were expressed in boar sperm. Interestingly, when we used menadione to induce sperm with ROS stress, the menadione associated damages were observed to be reduced by the cysteine supplementation. Moreover, compared to the cysteine treatment, the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) activity, GSH level, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, membrane integrity and progressive motility in boar sperm were decreased by supplementing with an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine. Conclusion: These data suggest that boar sperm could biosynthesize the GSH from cysteine in vitro. Therefore, during storage, addition of cysteine improves boar sperm quality via enhancing the GSH synthesis to resist ROS stress.