• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.195-204
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• 1993

Basolateral and brush border membrane (BLM and BBM) vesicles of renal proximal tubules were prepared from adult male New Zealand White rabbits to evaluate as a potential model for assessment of nephrotoxicity. PAH uptakes using BLMV, glucose and leucine uptakes using BBMV were measured in the rabbits treated cephaloridine. In addition, urinalysis and histopathological studies were performed to investigate the correlationship with membrane vesicle uptakes. The results were as follows: (1) the activite of Na+, K+ -ATPase was enriched 12.3-fold in vasolateral memvrane vesicles (BLMV) and the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in purified brush border memvrane vesicles (BBMV) was enriched 10.1-fold compared with each of microsomal homogenate. (2) In the uptake experiments, cephaloridine decreased initial and probenecid-sensitive PAH uptakes in BLMV. (3) Cephaloridine tested decreased initial and phlorizin-sensitive glucose uptakes in BBMV. (4) Cephaloridine tested decreased initial and Na+-dependent leucine uptakes in BBMV. (5) Cephaloridine tested significantly increased the urinary excretion of glucose and activity of ${\gamma}$-GTP. (6) Cephaloridine tested caused moderate necrotic changes in renal tubular cells and formation of urinary cast in the lumina of Henle's loop and collecting tubules besides the swelling of renal tubules.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 1990

Intramolecular excimer formation with 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to evaluate the effects of barbiturates on the bulk fluidity of the model membranes of phosphatidylethanolamine fraction of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVPE) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex. In the SPMVPE, barbiturates decreased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py and increased the fluorescence polarization (P), anisotropy (r), limiting anisotropy $(r_{8})$, order parameter (S) and rotational relaxation time $({\bar{P}})$ of DPH in a dose-dependent manner. The relative potencies of barbiturates to order the SPMVPE were in the order: pentobarbital > hexobarbital > amobarbital > phenobarbital. Hence, it is concluded that barbiturates have ordering effects on the SPMVPE. And the membrane-ordering potencies of barbiturates appear to be correlated with the potencies for enhancement of GABA-stimulated chloride influx and with the anesthetic effects of barbiturates.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

Previously, we found progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (pgrmc2) was highly expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes. The present study was conducted to characterize the expression of pgrmc2, as well as pgrmc1, in the mouse gonads and embryos according to their developmental stages. We found that these membrane components were expressed in ovaries, testes, and embryos at various developmental stages in addition to oocytes. Progesterone-3-O-carboxymethyl oxime-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (P4-BSA-FITC) was applied to visualize the presence of the progesterone receptor on mouse oocyte membrane, and we confirmed that immobilized progesterone is localized at surface of the oocyte. This is, at our knowledge, the first report regarding the expression of membrane component of progesterone receptor in the mouse oocytes, embryos, and gonads. The function and signal transduction pathway of progesterone receptor membrane components in oocytes requires further studies.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1995

The fine structure of the hemocytes in Wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera, is discribed and compared with that of similar cells in other spider species and insects. Five hemocyte types are identified in the hemolymph: prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte and adipohemocyte. Prohemocytes are small with a relatively undifferentiated cytoplasm. The nucleus is comparatively large and has a perinuclear space. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes are pinocytotic function in the hemolymph of the body. The plasmatocytes have some coated pits on the plasma membrane and well developed Golgi complex, The granulocytes appear sequence of events in the formation of coated vesicle from a coated pit on its plasma membrane. Golgi complex become well expressed and give rise to small secretory vesicles which fuse to large bodies. The spherulocytes are larger in cell size than other hemocytes. Their cytoplasm is filled with spherules. The spherules contain the floccurent materials and the helical structured materials, which are 220nm in length and 80nm in width. The adipohemocytes are oval shaped and have a number of lipid droplets.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 1995

Functional study of the gap junction channel has been hindered by its inaccessibility in situ. Identification of forms of this channel in artificial membrane has been elusive because of the lack of identifying channel physiology. Connexin32 forms gap junction channels between neighboring cells in rat liver. Connexin32 was affinity-purified using a monoclonal antibody and reconstituted into artificial phospholipid vesicles. The reconstituted connexin32 formed channels through the vesicle membrane that were permeable to sucrose (Stokes radius: $5{\AA}$). The permeability to sucrose was reversibly reduced by acidic pH. In addition, the pH effect on the permeability to sucrose fit well with by the Hill's equation (where, n=2.7 and pK=6.7).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1474-1478
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• 2010

An efficient method for labeling individual proteins in live cells is required for investigations into biological mechanisms and cellular processes. Here we describe the preparation of small quantum dots (QDs) that target membrane surface proteins bearing a hexahistidine-tag ($His_6$-tag) via specific binding to an nitrilotriacetic acid complex of nickel(II) ($NTA{\cdot}Ni^{2+}$) on the QD surfaces. We showed that the $NTA{\cdot}Ni^{2+}$-QDs bound to His-tag functionalized beads as a cellular mimic with high specificity and that QDs successfully targeted $His_6$-tagged vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VMAP) on cell surfaces. This strategy provides an efficient approach to monitoring synaptic protein dynamics in spatially restricted and confined biological environments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

Some cytotoxicity studies for the interpretation of the interaction between nanoparticles and cells are non-mechanistic and time-consuming. Therefore, non-biological screening methods, which are faster and simpler than in-vivo and in-vitro methods, are required as alternatives to current cytotoxicity tests. Here, we proposed a simple screening method for the analysis of the interaction between several AgNPs (bare-, citrate-, and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coating) and dye-containing vesicles acting as a biomimetic cell-membrane. The interaction between AgNPs and vesicles could be evaluated readily by UV-vis spectra. Absorbance deviation in UV-vis spectra revealed a large attraction between neighboring particles and vesicles. This was confirmed by (Derjagin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) theory and DMF (dark-field microscopy) analysis. This proposed method might be useful for analyzing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles with cell-membranes instead of in vitro or in vivo cytotoxicity tests.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2017

The oogenesis of the Microphysogobio yaluensis was investigated using light microscopy. Various developmental oocytes appeared in the ovary of the M. yaluensis. The oogenesis is largely divided into four stages: nuclear-chromatin stage, peri-nucleoli stage, vitellogenesis (yolk vesicle and yolk granule stages), and mature stage. The nuclear-chromatin is distributed in a large germinal vesicle as threads. The peri-nucleoli stage has many acidic nucleoli lining at the inner side of the nuclear membrane and an egg envelope just weakly starts. As the oogenesis gradually proceeds, they change to the vitellogenesis stage. The oocyte become to drastically increase and the marginal area of the ooplasm is covered with many vacuoles showing no negative reactions with hematoxylin and eosin staining, called the yolk vesicle stage. Many yolk vesicles-owned oocyte largely increase and as the development continues, its ooplasm is changed from the yolk vesicles to the yolk granules of eosinophilic. At the mature stage, lots of granules merged into a big yolk mass, acidophilic. Even at the mature stage, the egg envelope was still thin between the ooplasm and the follicular layer of the oocyte.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.623-631
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• 2022

Using the design of experiment (DOE), factors affecting the particle size of hydrated liquid crystalline vesicles containing a high content of ceramide were analyzed and the mixture composition was optimized. Manufacturing temperature, amount of ethanol, and ultrasonic time were selected as the main variables affecting the droplet size of the vesicles, and the effect of these variables on the droplet size was examined through the signal to noise (S/N) ratios of Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis. In addition, mixture composition experiments of three lipid components constituting the vesicle membrane, hydrogenated phosphatidyl choline (HPC), cholesterol (Chol), and ceramide (Cer), were performed according to the simplex central design matrix of the mixture. Regression analysis was conducted with the experimental data to obtain a model equation, and the optimal mixing composition of the three lipid components to minimize the vesicle droplet size was determined as HPC (0.6), Chol (0.1), and Cer (0.3).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 1994

Plasma membrane proteins of a Korean isolate of Trichomonus vofinalis HY-1 were fractionated for antigen analysis. Homogenates of T. vaginalis were fractionated by the differential centrifugation using sucrose step-gradient method. The interface layer from the 25%/45% sucrose was collected as a plasma membrane fraction and its purity was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The antigenicity of plasma membrane fraction was analysed by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique with immune rabbit serum and compared with surface antigen labelled with N. hydroxysuccinimide-biotin. The fluffy fraction of 25%/45% sucrose interface was homogeneous and membrane particles were present as extended sheet and concentric vesicles showing typical trilamellar appearance under transmission electron microscope. Seven fractions at 40, 50, 60, 110, 130, 140 and 150 kDa were identified as the antigenic membrane proteins in EITB with anti HY-1 rabbit serum. The common band at 60 kDa was detected both in antigenic fractions of plasma membrane and surface protein labelled with NHS-biotin. This result indicates that this protein is considered as a major surface antigen of T. vaginalis. The role of this surface antigen at 60 kDa should be studied further.