• Title/Summary/Keyword: Membrane properties

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Valuable Organic Liquid Fertilizer Manufacturing through $TAO^{TM}$ Process for Swine Manure Treatment

  • Lee, Myung-Gyu;Cha, Gi-Cheol
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2003
  • $TAO^{TM}$ System is an auto-heated thermophilic aerated digestion process using a proprietary microbe called as a Phototropic Bacteria (PTB). High metabolic activity results in heat generation, which enables to produce a pathogen-free and digested liquid fertilizer at short retention times. TAO$^{TM}$ system has been developed to reduce a manure volume and convert into the liquid fertilizer using swine manure since 1992. About 100 units have been installed and operated in Korean swine farms so far. TAO$^{TM}$ system consists of a reactor vessel and ejector-type aeration pumps and foam removers. The swine slurry manure enters into vessel with PTB and is mixed and aerated. The process is operated at detention times from 2 to 4 days and temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$. Foams are occurred and broken down by foam removers to evaporate water contents. Generally, at least 30% of water content is evaporated, 99% of volatile fatty acids caused an odor are removed and pathogen destruction is excellent with fecal coliform, rotavirus and salmonella below detection limits. The effluent from TAO$^{TM}$ system, called as the "TAO EFFLUX", is screened and has superb properties as a fertilizer. Normally N-P-K contents of screened TAO Efflux are 4.7 g/L, 0.375 g/L and 2.8 g/L respectively. The fertilizer effect of TAO EFFLUX compared to chemical fertilizer has been demonstrated and studied with various crops such as rice, potato, cabbage, pumpkin, green pepper, parsley, cucumber and apple. Generally it has better fertilizer effects and excellent soil fertility improvement effects. Moreover, the TAO EFFLUX is concentrated through membrane technology without fouling problems for a cost saving of long distance transportation and a commercialization (crop nutrient commodity) to a gardening market, for example.

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Joining Foil-typed Pd-Cu Membranes to Collect CO2 Gas (이산화탄소 포집용 극박형 Pd-Cu 멤브레인 접합)

  • Rhewy, Gyung-Woo;Wee, So-Young;Kim, Gyeom;Lee, Chang-Ha;Baik, Il-Hyun;Park, Jin-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.48 no.12
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    • pp.1056-1063
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    • 2010
  • We present a new joining method for Pd-Cu membrane foils used as permeation tubes to collect $CO_2$. Since foils have poor mechanical strength, joining should be done at low temperatures to reduce residual stresses and without joining pressure. This contradicts the well known conditions for good contact between base materials that determines joint qualities. We selected Sn-Ag-Cu alloys that are highly reactive with Pd and Cu as a filler metal. As the filler melts at joining temperatures as low as $220{\sim}280^{\circ}C$, Pd and Cu are dissolved into the melt and react with the filler elements, which raises the melting temperature of the filler based on eutectic structures among the elements. Then, isothermal solidification progresses for the rest of the joining time. Intermetallic compounds (IMC) in the joints, one of the main factors for brittle joints, are inevitably formed. However, by optimizing both joining time and temperature, we balanced the wettability with IMC. Sealing test results confirmed that the joints are mechanically reliable during operation.

In Vivo Measurement of Site-Specific Peritoneal Solute Transport Using a Fiber-Optic-based Fluorescence Photobleaching Technique

  • Lee, Donghee;Kim, Jeong Chul;Shin, Eunkyoung;Ju, Kyung Don;Oh, Kook-Hwan;Kim, Hee Chan;Kang, Eungtaek;Kim, Jung Kyung
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.228-236
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    • 2015
  • Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a well-established method commonly used to measure the diffusion of fluorescent solutes and biomolecules in living cells or tissues. Here a fiber-optic-based FRAP (f-FRAP) system was developed, and validated using macromolecules in water and agarose gels of different concentrations. We applied f-FRAP to measure the site-specific diffusion of fluorescein (NaFluo) in peritoneal membranes (PMs) on the liver, cecum, and kidney of a living rat during peritoneal dialysis. Diffusion of fluorescein in PM varied in a time-dependent manner according to the type of organ ($D_{PM\;on\;Liver}/D_{NaFluo}=0.199{\pm}0.085$, $D_{PM\;on\;Cecum}/D_{NaFluo}=0.292{\pm}0.151$, $D_{PM\;on\;Kidney}/D_{NaFluo}=0.218{\pm}0.110$). The proposed method allows direct quantitative measurement of the three-dimensional diffusion in local PM in vivo, which was previously inaccessible by peritoneal function test methods such as peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and standardized PM assessment (SPA). f-FRAP is promising for local and dynamic assessments of peritoneal pathophysiology and the mass transport properties of PMs, presumed to be affected by variation of tissue structures over different organs and functional changes of the PM with years of peritoneal dialysis.

Optimized phos-tag mobility shift assay for the detection of protein phosphorylation in planta

  • Hussain, Shah;Nguyen, Nhan Thi;Nguyen, Xuan Canh;Lim, Chae Oh;Chung, Woo Sik
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.322-327
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    • 2018
  • Post-translational modification of proteins regulates signaling cascades in eukaryotic system, including plants. Among these modifications, phosphorylation plays an important role in modulating the functional properties of proteins. Plants perceive environmental cues that directly affect the phosphorylation status of many target proteins. To determine the effect of environmentally induced phosphorylation in plants, in vivo methods must be developed. Various in vitro methods are available but, unlike in animals, there is no optimized methodology for detecting protein phosphorylation in planta. Therefore, in this study, a robust, and easy to handle Phos-Tag Mobility Shift Assay (PTMSA) is developed for the in vivo detection of protein phosphorylation in plants by empirical optimization of methods previously developed for animals. Initially, the detection of the phosphorylation status of target proteins using protocols directly adapted from animals failed. Therefore, we optimized the steps in the protocol, from protein migration to the transfer of proteins to PVDF membrane. Supplementing the electrophoresis running buffer with 5mM $NaHSO_3$ solved most of the problems in protein migration and transfer. The optimization of a fast and robust protocol that efficiently detects the phosphorylation status of plant proteins was successful. This protocol will be a valuable tool for plant scientists interested in the study of protein phosphorylation.

Evaluation on the suspended solids and heavy metals removal mechanisms in bioretention systems

  • Geronimo, Franz Kevin F.;Maniquiz-Redillas, Marla C.;Hong, Jungsun;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 2019
  • Application of bioretention systems in Korea is highly considered due to its minimal space requirements, appropriateness as small landscape areas and good pollutant removal and peak hydraulic flow reduction efficiency. In this study, the efficiency of two lab-scale bioretention types having different physical properties, media configuration and planted with different shrubs and perennials was investigated in reducing heavy metal pollutants in stormwater runoff. Type A bioretention systems were planted with shrubs whereas type B were planted with perennials. Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (A-CL) and Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila (A-AP) respectively were planted in each type A bioretention reactors while Rhododendron indicum linnaeus (B-RL) and Spiraea japonica (B-SJ), respectively were planted in each type B bioretention reactors. Results revealed that the four lab-scale bioretention reactors significantly reduced the influent total suspended load by about 89 to 94% (p<0.01). Type B-RL and B-SJ reactors reduced soluble Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb by 28 to 45% that were 15 to 35% greater than the soluble metal reduction of type A-CL and A-AP reactors, respectively. Among the pollutants, total Cr attained the greatest discharged fraction of 0.52-0.81. Excluding the effect of soil media, total Pb attained the greatest retention fraction in the bioretention systems amounting to 0.15-0.34. Considering the least discharge fraction of heavy metal in the bioretention system, it was observed that the bioretention systems achieved effectual reduction in terms of total Cu, Zn and Pb. These findings were associated with the poor adsorption capacity of the soil used in each bioretention system. The results of this study may be used for estimating the maintenance requirements of bioretention systems.

Aging Property Studies on Rubber Gasket for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (고분자 전해질 연료전지 스택용 고무 개스킷의 노화특성 연구)

  • Kang, Dong-gug;Hur, Byung-ki;Lee, Dong-won;Seo, Kwan-ho
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2011
  • In order to explore properties of various rubber compounds after thermal aging under the condition similar to the operating environment of a fuel cell-stack, heat resistance and compression set of those compounds were investigated for a long term operation in $H_2SO_4$, $H_2O$, and LLC (ethylene glycol : $H_2O=50:50$) solution. It was assumed that aging Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and Elthylene Propylene diene rubber (EDPM) compound in the solution resulted in discoloration as time passed. It was also found that hydrolysis was developed on the Silicone rubber (VMQ) compound intentionally aged under acidic condition by means of TGA, SEM, and EDS analysis.

Gallic acid-mitochondria targeting sequence-H3R9 induces mitochondria-targeted cytoprotection

  • Bae, Yoonhee;Kim, Goo-Young;Jessa, Flores;Ko, Kyung Soo;Han, Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2022
  • The development of selective targeting of drug molecules towards the mitochondria is an important issue related to therapy efficacy. In this study, we report that gallic acid (GA)-mitochondria targeting sequence (MTS)-H3R9 exhibits a dual role as a mitochondria-targeting vehicle with antioxidant activity for disease therapy. In viability assays, GA-MTS-H3R9 showed a better rescue action compared to that of MTS-H3R9. GA-MTS-H3R9 dramatically exhibited cell penetration and intercellular uptake compared to MTS and fit escape from lysosome release to the cytosol. We demonstrated the useful targeting of GA-MTS-H3R9 towards mitochondria in AC16 cells. Also, we observed that the antioxidant properties of mitochondrial-accrued GA-MTS-H3R9 alleviated cell damage by reactive oxygen species production and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. GA-MTS-H3R9 showed a very increased cytoprotective effect against anticancer activity compared to that of MTS-H3R9. We showed that GA-MTS-H3R9 can act as a vehicle for mitochondria-targeting and as a reagent for therapeutic applications intended for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Effect of Porous Flow Field on PEMFC Performance with Dead Ended Anode System (Dead ended anode 시스템에서 다공성 유로가 연료전지 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Junseob;Kim, Junbom
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.646-652
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    • 2022
  • The dead-end anode (DEA) system is a method that closes the anode outlet and supplies fuel by pressure. The DEA method could improve fuel usage and power efficiency through system simplification. However, flooding occurs due to water and nitrogen back diffusion from the cathode to the anode during the DEA operation. Flooding is a cause of decreased fuel cell performance and electrode degradation. Therefore, tthe structure and components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) should be optimized to prevent anode flooding during DEA operation. In this study, the effect of a porous flow field with metal foam on fuel cell performance and fuel efficiency improvement was investigated in the DEA system. As a result, fuel cell performance and purge interval were improved by effective water management with a porous flow field at the cathode, and it was confirmed that cathode flow field structure affects water back-diffusion. On the other hand, the effect of the porous flow field at the anode on fuel cell performance was insignificant. Purge interval was affected by metal foam properties and shown stable performance with large cell size metal foam in the DEA system.

PSMA Inhibitors for Nuclear Imaging and Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer

  • Sajid Mushtaq;Tugsuu Uyanga;Park Ji Ae;Jung Young Kim
    • Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 2023
  • Prostate cancer ranks as the world's second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men, and is responsible for the fifth highest number of cancer-related deaths in this population. The development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer remains a major challenge in the field of oncology. Over the past few years, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has raised as a hopeful tracer for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.Various radioisotopes, such as 131I, 99mTc, 68Ga, and 177Lu, have been used to label PSMA analogues, with varying degrees of success. Among these, 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 177Lu-PSMA-617 have emerged as the most promising radioligands for clinical use. Recently, researchers have been exploring the use of other radioisotopes, such as 211At, 89Zr, 64/67Cu, and 203/212Pb, for the labeling of PSMA-targeted radioligands. These radioisotopes have unique properties that may offer advantages over existing radioligands, such as longer half-lives, higher specific activities, and different emission profiles. Efforts are currently underway to develop these radiopharmaceuticals and make them more widely available for clinical use. These exciting developments highlight the potential of PSMA-targeted radioligands for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, and provided significant implications for the management of this disease in the future. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research and clinical applications of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors for diagnoses and therapy of prostate cancer, emphasizing the exciting developments in the field and their potential impact on clinical practice.

Twelve-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid-induced fetal membrane release improves postpartum ovarian function, milk production, and blood plasma biochemical parameters in cows

  • Hachiro Kamada;Yoshitaka Matsui
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.9
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    • pp.1376-1383
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    • 2023
  • Objective: We aimed to determine the effects of 12-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (12-KETE)-induced placenta release on the performance of mother cows (milk yield, ovarian function, and blood plasma biochemical properties). Methods: Experimental treatments were as follows: i) natural delivery including natural placental release (control cows); ii) induced calf delivery with placental retention (RP cows); and iii) induced calf delivery and 12-KETE-induced placental release (KE cows). Delivery in pregnant KE cows was induced with dexamethasone and prostaglandin. These cows were injected with 12-KETE after calf discharge, resulting in the release of the fetal placenta. RP cows were not treated with 12-KETE after inducing delivery, resulting in placental retention. Results: The milk yield in RP cows during the first 50 days after delivery was significantly lower than that in control cows (p<0.05), whereas KE cows exhibited a similar milk yield to that of control cows. The postpartum plasma progesterone levels of control cows increased 14 days after delivery on average; however, its increase was delayed by 10 days in RP cows. Meanwhile, the 12-KETE treatment (KE cows) brought the timing of progesterone increase forward to the normal level (control cows). Among the 20 biochemical parameters examined, the total cholesterol levels in blood plasma 14 days after delivery were lower in RP cows than that in the other two treatment groups (control cows and KE cows) (p<0.05). In addition, the plasma level of haptoglobin tended to be low in cows that discharged their placentas shortly after delivery. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 12-KETE treatment can alleviate the disorder caused by placental retention.