• BMB Reports
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2012

Uptake of circulating glucose into the cells happens via the insulin-mediated signalling pathway, which translocates the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicles from the intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane. Rab GTPases are involved in this vesicle trafficking, where Rab GTPases-activating proteins (RabGAP) enhance the GTP to GDP hydrolysis. TBC1D4 (AS160) and TBC1D1 are functional RabGAPs in the adipocytes and the skeletonal myocytes, respectively. These proteins contain two phosphotyrosine-binding domains (PTBs) at the amino-terminus of the catalytic RabGAP domain. The second PTB has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic region of the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) of the GLUT4 vesicle. In this study, we quantitatively measured the ${\sim}{\mu}M$ affinity ($K_D$) between TBC1D4 PTB and IRAP using isothermal titration calorimetry, and further showed that IRAP residues 1-49 are the major region mediating this interaction. We also demonstrated that the IRAP residues 1-15 are necessary but not sufficient for the PTB interaction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2004

Oxygen diffuses through the cation-specific membrane, reducing the coulomb yield of the fuel cell. In the present study, attempts were made to enhance current generation from the fuel cell by lowering the oxygen diffusion, including the uses of ferricyanide as a cathode mediator and of a platinum-coated graphite electrode. Ferricyanide did not act as a mediator as expected, but as an oxidant in the cathode compartment of the microbial fuel cell. The microbial fuel cell with platinum-coated graphite cathode generated a maximum current 3-4 times higher than the control fuel cell with graphite cathode, and the critical oxygen concentration of the former was 2.0 mg $1^{-1}$, whilst that of the latter was 6.6 mg $1^{-1}$. Based on these results, it was concluded that inexpensive electrodes are adequate for the construction of an economically feasible microbial fuel cell with better performance as a novel wastewater treatment process.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1999

In order to remediate hazardous waste site, a process of electrokinetically purging chemicals from saturated soil is examined by laboratory experiments. Electrokinetic soil remediation is one of the most promising soil decontamination processes that habe igh removal efficiency and time-effectiveness in low-permeability soils such as clay. Being combined with several mechanisms-electromigration, elec troosmosis, diffusion and electrolysis of water, electrokinetic soil processing can remove non-polar organics as well as ionic contaminants. The objectives of this study are; 1) the exploration of the feasibility of electrokinetic soil processing on the removal of heavy metals, 2) the investigation of applicability to the tailing-soils in aban doned mining area, 3) the examination of effects of soil pH and conductivity on the transport phenomena of elements in soils, and 4) the investigation of the applicability of the ionexchange membrance to the efficient collection of heavy metals removed from contaminated soils. With the result of this study, it is suggested that the removal efficiency is significantly influenced by applied voltage & current, type of purging solutions, soil pH, permeability and zeta potentials of soil. Although further study should be needed, it is possible to collect removed heavy metals with ion-exchange membrance in cathode compartment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 1990

A Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the distribition and elimination of cefriazone in the rat. To validate the practical application of the model, the effect of cffeine on the model was also examined. The model consisted of eleven compartments representing the major sites for ceftriaxone distribution including carcass which served as a residual compartment. Elimination was represented by renal and hepatic (metabolic biliary )excretion with GI secretion and re-absorption. The drug concentrations in most of the tissues were simulated using flow limited equations while brain levels were simulated using membrane limited passive diffusion distribution. The experimental data were obtained by averaging the concentration of drug in the plasma and tissues of five rats after i. v. injection of cefriazone 100 mg/kg without and with caffeine 20 mg/kg. The data for the amount of ceftriazone excreted in urine and gut contents were used to apportion total body clearance. HPLC with UV detection was used for the assay with 0.1-0.2 $\mu$g/ml sensitivity. The great majority of drug concentrations with and without caffeine show reasonably good agreements to the simulation results within 20%. The effect of caffeine on renal and hepatic clearances was apparent with 18.8% and 18.6% increase in the model values, respectively.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been utilized in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients with severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional medical treatment. We retrospectively reviewed 12 CDH patients who were treated using ECMO in our center between April 2008 and February 2011. The pre ECMO and on ECMO variables analyzed included gestational age, sex, birth weight, age at the time of ECMO cannulation, arterial blood gas analysis results, CDH location, timing of CDH repair operation, complications and survival. There were 9 boys and 3 girls. All patients were prenatally diagnosed. Mean gestational age was $38.8{\pm}1.7$ weeks and mean birth weight was $3031{\pm}499$ gram. Mean age at the time of ECMO cannulation was $29.9{\pm}28.9$ hours. There were 4 patients who survived. Survivors showed higher 5 min Apgar scores ($8.25{\pm}0.96$ vs. $7.00{\pm}1.20$, p=0.109), higher pre ECMO mean pH ($7.258 {\pm}0.830$ vs. $7.159{\pm}0.986$, p=0.073) and lower pre ECMO $PaCO_2$ ($48.2{\pm}7.9$ vs. $64.8{\pm}16.1$, p=0.109) without statistical significance. The hernia was located on the left side in 10 patients and the right side in 2 patients. The time interval from ECMO placement to operative repair was about 3~4 days in 5 early cases and around 24 in the remaining cases. There were 3 cases of post operative bleeding requiring re operation and 2 cases of abdominal compartment syndrome requiring abdominal fascia reopening. ECMO catheter reposition was required in 4 cases. Three cases of arterial or venous thrombosis were detected and improved with follow up. Our data suggests that ECMO therapy could save the lives of some neonates with CDH who can not be maintained on other treatment modalities. Protocolized management and accumulation of case experience might be valuable in improving outcomes for neonates with CDH treated with ECMO.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2023

In the present work, the scale effect on the Boil-Off Rate (BOR) was investigated based on an analytical method to systematically evaluate the thermal performance of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cargo Containment System (CCS). A two-dimensional thermal resistance network model was developed to accurately estimate the heat ingress into the CCS from the outside. The analysis was performed for the KC-1 LNG membrane tank under the IGC and USCG design conditions. The ballast compartment of both the LNG tank and cofferdam was divided into six sections and a thermal resistance network model was made for each section. To check the validity of the developed model, the analysis results were compared with those from existing literature. It was shown that the BOR values under the IGC and USCG design conditions were agreed well with previous numerical results with a maximum error of 1.03% and 0.60%, respectively. A SDR, the scale factor of the LNG CCS was introduced and the BOR, air temperature of the ballast compartment, and the surface temperature of the inner hull were obtained to examine the influence of the SDR on the thermal performance. Finally, a correlation for the BOR was proposed, which could be expressed as a simple formula inversely proportional to the SDR. The proposed correlation could be utilized for predicting the BOR of a full-scale LNG tank based on the BOR measurement data of lab-scale model tanks.

• 청정기술
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.74-86
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• 1997

최근 청정기술의 필요성이 증가하면서 막분리 공정에 의한 산업폐수 처리기술에 대한 관심이 높아가고 있다. 이 연구는 중화법과 water-splitting electrodialysis (WSED)를 이용하여 금속을 포함하고 있는 폐수에서 유용한 물질을 회수하고 무방류계를 실현하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 산폐수와 혼합폐수 처리의 공정 설계를 위한 공정의 흐름를 확립하였고, 이 공정에 따른 물질수지를 계산하였다. 또한 주요 단위공정인 침전조와 산회수공정의 운전인자에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 침전공정에서는 KOH와 NaOH를 중화제로 이용하여 pH에 따른 침전효율과 슬러지양을 비교하였으며 산회수 공정에서는 KCl과 NaCl을 합성원료로 이용하여 WSED의 막구조에 따른 회수효율을 조사하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.52-65
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• 1984

The ultrastructure of the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis was studied in the female Korean native goat ($10{\sim}16kg$, B.W.) by electron microscopy. Six granular cells and one agranular cell were recognized according to the characteristic patterns of secretory granules and cell organelles. Type I cells were. large, round or oval and contained the largest granules of 290 to 490 nm in diameter, Their endoplasmic reticula were well developed and packed with parallel lamellae close to nuclear membrane. Type II cells were elongate or polygonal. They contained granules of 220 to 390 nm in diameter and well developed Golgi complex. Type III cells were round, oval or angular and contained granules of 150 to 300 nm in diameter. Their endoplasmic reticula were coarsely scattered among the granules and provided an intracellular compartment for segregation in groups. Type IV cells were oval or round and contained granules of 120 to 280 nm in diameter. Their endoplasmic reticula were arranged at one pole of cytoplasm. Type V cells were round or polygonal and contained small granules of 110 to 140 nm in diameter Their endoplasmic reticula were packed with regularly parallel lamellae. Type VI cells were stellate and irregular in shape and had cytoplasmic processes projecting between the neighboring cells. Their granules were less than 130 nm in diameter, the smallest among the cells of the pars distalis. Agranular cells had no granules or a few, if any. They were stellate or irregular in shape.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2018

Internal detonation of a warhead inside a compartment of naval vessel can result in serious blast damages including plastic deformation and rupture of the structural members especially bulkhead due to the huge explosive impact pressure, fragments and high temperature flame. To secure watertight integrity and to prevent the domino-type flooding of neighbouring compartments caused by the rupture of bulkheads, it is necessary to develop the structural design technology of Blast Hardened Bulkheads(BHB) which can resist the blast impact pressure of threatening weapons to increase the survivability of naval vessels. This study dealt with the simplified structural response analysis of BHB under impact pressure of confined explosion and aimed to develop the efficient and rational design method of BHB and joint structures which can be applied at initial design stage. The present 1st report dealt with the phenomena of explosive detonation surveying the preceding experimental/theoretical research and the characteristics of time history of blast pressure including the peak value and duration time were examined. And to predict the large plastic deformation behaviors of BHB by the huge blast pressure reasonably, the plastic hinge method including the membrane effects was formulated. It was applied to the simplified structural design equations. The following report will deal with the application and adjustment process of the structural scantling equations to the actual BHB design and verification of validity of them.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1985

소량의 시료로서 미토콘드리아 및 SMP호흡의 속도론적 연구에 이용할 수 있는 적하수은전극 polarograph를 제작하여 그 성능, 실험조건 및 응용성을 검토하였다. 산소의 제 2단계환원이 일어나는 전위 (약 -1.2 vs SCE)는 막에 결합된 환원성물질의 환원전류로 해석되는 상당한 크기의 잔존전류를 일으키기 때문에 부적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 산소의 제 1단계환원이 일어나는 -0.4V(vs SCE)하에서는 잔존전류가 관찰되지 않았으며 산소농도의 변화는 정량적으로 추적되었다. 호흡기질의 농도를 충분히 크게 유지하는한 호흡에 의한 용존산소 소모는 O차반응의 처리가 가능하였으며, 그속도 상수와 미토콘드리아 호흡활성간에는 비례관계가 성립되었다. 내냉성이 서로 다른 몇가지 식물조직으로부터 분리한 미토콘드리아의 호흡활성에 미치는 온도효과를 조사하고 호흡활성전이온도를 측정하므로서 제작한 장치의 효용성을 확인하였다.