• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of various graft materials used with a titanium cap on the ability of new bone formation in the rabbit calvarium. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 sites of artificial bony defects were prepared on the calvaria of sixteen rabbits by using a trephine bur 8 mm in diameter. Each rabbit had two defect sites. 0.2 mm deep grooves were formed on the calvaria of sixteen rabbits by using a trephine bur 8 mm in diameter for the fixation of a titanium cap. The treatments were performed respectively as follows: without any graft for the control group (n=8), autogenous iliac bone graft for experimental group 1 (n=8), alloplastic bone graft ($SynthoGraft^{(R)}$, USA) for experimental group 2 (n=8), and xenogenic bone graft ($NuOss^{(R)}$, USA) for experimental group 3 (n=8). After the treatments, a titanium cap (8 mm in diameter, 4 mm high, and 0.2 mm thick) was fixed into the groove. At the third and sixth postoperative weeks, rabbits in each group were sacrificed for histological analysis. Results: 1. In gross examination, the surgical sites showed no signs of inflammation or wound dehiscence, and semicircular-shaped bone remodeling was shown both in the experimental and control groups. 2. In histological analysis, the control group at the third week showed bone remodeling along the inner surface of the cap and at the contact region of the calvarium without any specific infiltration of inflammation tissue. Also, there was no soft tissue infiltration. Bone remodeling was observed around the grafted bone and along the inner surface of the titanium cap in experimental group 1, 2, and 3. 3. Histologically, all groups at the sixth week showed the increased area of bone remodeling and maturation compared to those at the third week. In experimental group 2, the grafted bone was partially absorbed by multi nucleated giant cells and new bone was formed by osteoblasts. In group 3, however, resorption of the grafted bone was not observed. 4. Autogenous bone at the third and sixth week showed the most powerful ability of new bone formation. The size of newly formed bone was in decreasing order by autogenous, alloplastic, and heterogenous bone graft. There was no statistically significant difference among autogenous, alloplastic, and heterogenous bones(p>0.05). Summary: This result suggests that autogenous bone is the best choice for new bone formation, but when autogenous bone graft is in limited availability, alloplastic and xenogenic bone graft also can be an alternative bone graft material to use with a suitably guided membrane.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.420-424
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• 2011

Allomatrix (Wright Medical Tech, Inc., Arlington, Tenn, USA), is a newly designed, injectable putty with a reliable demineralized bone matrix (DBM), derived from human bone. The compound contains 86% DBM and other bone growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$. It has excellent osteoinduction abilities. In addition, DBM is known to have osteoconduction capacity as a scaffold due to its collagen matrix. This product contains a powder, which is a mix of DBM and surgical grade calcium sulfate as a carrier. A practitioner can blend the powder with calcium sulfate solution, making a putty-type material which has the advantages of ease of handling, better fixation, and no need for a membrane, because it can function as membrane itself. This study reports the clinical and radiographic results of various guided bone regeneration cases using Allomatrix, demonstrating its strong potential as a graft material.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.3.1-3
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• 1979

The aim of ear operation is to cease otorrhea and to restore hearing. The ceasation of otorrhea and the graft of tympanic membrane are reached to successful stage, and yet hearing restoration process still remains further to need a matter of development. Authors carried out 67 cases hearing restoration operation among 154 patients who had been undertaken mastoid-tympanoplasty during period of Feb. 1978 through March 1979. 54 cases have been followed for this study among 67 cases hearing restoration operation. The used material of operation are almostly incus and some cases with TORP. This paper is dealing with its surgical method and postoperative audimetric study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 2010

Purpose: Aplasia Cutis Congenita (ACC) is a rare disease characterized by the focal defect of the skin at birth, frequently involving scalp, but it may affect any region of the body. There are no etiology known but some conditions such as intrauterine vascular ischemia, amniotic adherences and viral infections are associated. The ideal treatment for the ACC is not known. Superficial and relatively small sized defects (< $3{\times}5\;cm$) may heal spontaneously and large defects related with risks of infection and bleeding may require aggressive surgical treatment. Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ is a bilayer of an esterified hyaluronan scaffold beneath a silicone membrane. It has been used as a temporary dermal substitute to cover deep thickness skin defect and has physiological functions derive from the structural role in extracellular matrix and interaction with cell surface receptor. This material has been used for the wound bed pre-treatment for skin graft to follow and especially in uncooperative patient, like a newborn, this could be a efficient and aseptic way of promoting granulation without daily irritative wound care. For this reason, using Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ for the treatment of ACC was preferred in this paper. Methods: We report a case of a newborn with ACC of the vertex scalp and non-ossified partial skull defect. The large sized skin and skull defect ($6{\times}6\;cm$) was found with intact dura mater. No other complications such as bleeding or abnormal neurologic sign were accompanied. Escharectomy was performed and Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ was applied for the protection and the induction of acute wound healing for 3 months before the split-thickness skin graft. During the 3 months period, the dressing was renewed in aseptic technique for every 3 weeks. The skin graft was achieved on the healthy granulation bed. Results: The operative procedure was uneventful without necessity of blood transfusion. Postoperative physical examination revealed no additional abnormalities. Regular wound management was performed in out-patient clinic and the grafted skin was taken completely. No other problems developed during follow-up. Conclusion: Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ provides protective and favorable environment for wound healing. The combination of the use of Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ and the skin graft will be a good alternative for the ACC patients with relatively large defect on vertex.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.36.1-36.8
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• 2019

Background: This study aims to examine the outcome of simultaneous maxillary sinus lifting, bone grafting, and vertical ridge augmentation through retrospective studies. Methods: From 2005 to 2010, patients with exhibited severe alveolar bone loss received simultaneous sinus lifting, bone grafting, and vertical ridge augmentations were selected. Fifteen patients who visited in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were analyzed according to clinical records and radiography. Postoperative complications; success and survival rate of implants; complications of prosthesis; implant stability quotient (ISQ); vertical resorption of grafted bone after 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery; and final observation and marginal bone loss were evaluated. Results: The average age of the patients was 54.2 years. Among the 33 implants, six failed to survive and succeed, resulting in an 81.8% survival rate and an 81.8% success rate. Postoperative complications were characterized by eight cases of ecchymosis, four cases of exposure of the titanium mesh or membrane, three cases of periimplantitis, three cases of hematoma, two cases of sinusitis, two cases of fixture fracture, one case of bleeding, one case of numbness, one case of trismus, and one case of fixture loss. Prosthetic complications involved two instances of screw loosening, one case of abutment fracture, and one case of food impaction. Resorption of grafted bone material was 0.23 mm after 1 year, 0.47 mm after 2 years, 0.41 mm after 3 years, and 0.37 mm at the final observation. Loss of marginal bone was 0.12 mm after 1 year, and 0.20 mm at final observation. Conclusions: When sinus lifting, bone grafting, and vertical ridge augmentation were performed simultaneously, postoperative complications increased, and survival rates were lower. For positive long-term prognosis, it is recommended that a sufficient recovery period be needed before implant placement to ensure good bone formation, and implant placement be delayed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

Several effective treatment methods and materials have been developed for the treatment of furcation involvement. Currently, the combination of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and bone grafts is the most commonly prescribed method of treating furcation involved defects. But because these cases often present with poor accessibility, placement of the membrane may be difficult and consequently, clinically impractical. In this study, the alveolar bone healing patterns of adult beagle dogs presenting with alveolar bone destruction treated by one of two methods - treatment using solely bone allografts (BBP(R)), or treatment using bone allografts (BBP(R)) stabilized by a fibrin adhesive - were comp ared. The effects of the fibrin adhesive on the initial stabilization of the newly formed bone, subsequent regeneration of bone, and the feasibility of the clinical application of the fibrin adhesive were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Clinical signs of inflammation at the 4-8 week interval were not observed: but signs of mild inflammation were histologically observed at the 4-week interval. 2. Allografts stabilized by fibrin adhesive showed good bone formation, whereas defects treated with only the allograft material showed incomplete alveolar bone regeneration. 3. Allografts stabilized by fibrin adhesive showed a decrease in the amount old bone with a concurrent increase in the formation of new lamellar bone four weeks post-op, whereas defects treated with only the allograft material showed no new lamellar bone formation at the same interval. 4. In detects treated with only the allograft material, the defective area was filled with connective tissue 8-weeks post-op, whereas fibrin adhesive stabilized allografts showed viable connections between the original bone and the newly formed bone, in addition to neovascularization 8-weeks post-op. The results of this study show that concurrent use of fibrin adhesive materials can stabilize the allograft material and aid in new bone formation Although the stability of fibrin adhesives fall short of the results achievable by GTR membranes, in cases presenting with poor accessibility that contraindicate the use of membranes, fibrin adhesive materials provide a viable and effective alternative to graft stabilization and new bone formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.393-410
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of enamel matrix derivative on guided bone regeneration with intramarrow penetration in rabbits. Eight adult male rabbits (mean BW 2Kg) were used in this study. Intramarrow penetration defects were surgically created with round carbide bur(HP long #6) on calvaria of rabbits. Defects were assigned to the control group grafted with mixture of the same quantity of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral. Then, guided bone regeneration was carried out using resorbable membrane and suture. Enamel matrix derivative applied to defects was assigned to the test group. And treated as same manners as the control group. At 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after the surgery, animals were sacrificed, specimens were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks, no differences were observed between the control group and the test group in the aspect of bone formation around bone graft. 2. Proliferation of blood capillary was faster in the test group than in the control group. 3. Bone regeneration in intramarrow penetration was faster in the test group than in the control group. 4. At 8 weeks, new osteoid tissue formation around bone graft was more prominent in the test group than in the control group. From the above results, enamel matrix derivative might be considered as the osteopromotion material and effective in the guided bone regeneration with intramarrow penetration.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2019

Hydrocarbons containing carbon double bonds are generally called olefins and it is extensively used in petro-chemical industry as essential base material. Especially, olefins are essential in polymer synthesis and thus the effective separation and purification of olefins from gas mixture are very important and it gives significant positive effect on the future industrial development. In this study, we fabricated polymeric composite membrane based on poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) for propylene/nitrogen separation and enhancement of its separation performance by grafting amphiphilic copolymer. Furthermore, to accelerate facilitated transport for propylene molecules, Ag salt ($AgBF_4$) and ionic liquid ($EMIM-BF_4$) was incorporated to polymer composite membranes. The neat PTMSP membrane exhibited extremely high gas permeance and low gas selectivity due to its high free volume. To address this issue, PTMSP was grafted with poly(oxyethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEM) and poly(ethylene glycol) behenyl ether methacrylate (PEGBEM). Additionally, the additives such as $AgBF_4$ and $EMIM-BF_4$ further increased the propylene permeance, resulting in increment of propylene/nitrogen selectivity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.27.1-27.7
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of autogenous fresh demineralized tooth (Auto-FDT) prepared at chairside immediately after extraction for socket preservation. Teeth were processed to graft materials in block, chip, or powder types immediately after extraction. Extraction sockets were filled with these materials and dental implants were installed immediately or after a delay. A panoramic radiograph and a conebeam CT were taken. In two cases, tissue samples were taken for histologic examination. Vertical and horizontal maintenance of alveolar sockets showed some variance depending on the Auto-FDT and barrier membrane types used. Radiographs showed good bony healing. Histologic sections showed that it guided good new bone formation and resorption pattern of the Auto-FDT. This case series shows that Auto-FDT prepared at chairside could be a good material for the preservation of extraction sockets. This study will suggest the possibility of recycling autogenous tooth after immediate extraction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.5-21
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• 1997

Unique virus-like particles were associated with five eriophyid mite-borne plant diseases of unknown etiology; fig mosaic, redbud yellow ringspot, rose orsette, thistle mosaic, and high plains disease of corn and wheat. Quasi-spherical, double membrane-bound particles (DMPs), 120 - 200 nm in diameter, were observed in the cytoplasm of all cell types in symptomatic leaves of infected plants. No DMPs were observed in symptomless plants. The DMPs in symptomatic thistles were associated with two types of inclusions, electron-dense amorphous material and tubular aggregates. Similar amorphous inclusions were also found in corn and wheat with high plains disease, while tubular inclusions were observed in figs with mosaic symptoms. The particles and inclusions were similar in some aspects to immature particles associated with viroplasms of animal and insect poxviruses and also to the double-enveloped particles of tomato spotted wilt virus associated with viroplasms during early stages of infection, but were unique and unlike any known plant viruses. The DMPs and associated viroplasm-like inclusions in the high plains disease were specifically immunogold labeled in situ with the disease-specific antiserum. Thread-like structures, similar to tenuivirus particles, present in the partially purified virus preparations were also immunogold labeled with the antiserum. It is suggested that the thread-like structures are derived from the DMP. In many cells of symptomatic corn and wheat samples, DMPs occurred together with flexuous rod-shaped particles and cylindrical inclusions of wheat streak mosaic potyvirus (WSMV), suggesting that the disease is caused by a mixed infection of WSMV and the agent represented by the DMPs. Based on cytopathology, symptomatology and mite and/or graft-transmissibility, the five diseases described in this paper are potentially caused by virus(es) and the DMPs associated with these diseases may represent virus particles. If the DMPs are indeed viral in nature, they would comprise a new group of plant viruses.