• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of membrane exposure on new bone formation when guided bone regeneration with perforated titanium membrane on atrophic alveolar ridge. The present study attempted to establish a GBR model for four adult beagle dog premolar. Intra-marrow penetration defects were created on the alveolar ridge(twelve weeks after extraction) on the mandibular premolar teeth in the beagle dogs. Space providing perforated titanium membrane with various graft material were implanted to provide for GBR. The graft material were demineralized bovine bone(DBB), Irradiated cancellous bone(ICB) and demineralized human bone powder(DFDB). The gingival flap were advanced to cover the membranes and sutured. Seven sites experienced wound failure within 2-3weeks postsurgery resulting in membrane exposure. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was little new bone formation at 4 weeks postsurgery. irrespectively of membrane exposure. 2. There was significant relationship between membrane exposure and bone graft resorption(P<0.05), but no relation between membrane exposure and infiltrated connective tissue. 3. There was much bone graft resorption on DFDB than ICB and DBB. 4. The less exposure was on the perforated titanium membrane, the more dense infiltrated connective tissue was filled under the membrane when grafted with ICB and DBB. but there was no relationship between the rate of membrane exposure and the percentage of infiltrated connective tissue area and no relationship between the percentage of the area in the infiltrated connective tissue and in the residual bone graft. Within the above results, bone formation may be inhibited when membrane was exposed and ICB and DBB were more effective than DFDB as a bone graft material when guided bone regeneration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.34.1-34.7
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of biodegradable polycaprolactone membrane on new bone formation and the biodegradation of biphasic alloplastic bone substitutes using animal models. Materials and methods: In this study, bony defect was formed at the canine mandible of 8 mm in diameter, and the defects were filled with Osteon II. The experimental groups were covered with Osteoguide as barrier membrane, and the control groups were closed without membrane coverage. The proportion of new bone and residual bone graft material was measured histologically and histomorphometrically at postoperative 4 and 8 weeks. Results: At 4 weeks, the new bone proportion was similar between the groups. The proportion of remaining graft volume was 27.58 ± 6.26 and 20.01 ± 4.68% on control and experimental groups, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in new bone formation and the amount of residual bone graft material at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The biopolymer membrane contributes to early biodegradation of biphasic bone substitutes in the jaw defect but it does not affect the bone formation capacity of the bone graft.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.223-237
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bone graft materials including deproteinized bovine bone(DBB), demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB), freeze-dried bone(FDB) on bone formation in guided bone regeneration using perforated titanium membrane(TM). 16 adult male rabbits(mean BW 2kg) were used in this study and 4 rabbits allotted to each test group. Intramarrow penetration(diameter 6.5mm) was done with round carbide bur on calvaria to promote blood supply and clot formation in the wound area. The test groups were devided into 4 groups as follows: TM only(test 1), TM +DBB(test 2), TM +DFDB(test 3), TM +FDB(test 4). Perforated titanium membrane was contoured in rectangular parallelepiped shape(0.5mm pore diameter, 10mm in one side, 2mm in inner height), filled the each graft material and placed on the decorticated carvaria. Perforated titanium membrane was fixed with resorbable suture materials. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified preparations were routinely processed for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Perforated titanium membrane was biocompatible. 2. Perforated titanium membrane had capability of maintaining the space during the healing period but invasion of soft tissue through the perforations of titanium membrane decreased the space available for bone formation. 3. In test 1 group without bone graft material, the amount of bone formation and bone maturation was better than other test groups. 4. Among the graft materials, the effect of freeze-dried bone on bone formation was best. 5. In the test groups using deproteinized bovine bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone, bone formation was a little. The spacemaking capability of the membrane may be crucial for bone formation. The combined treatment with the perforated titanium membrane and deproteinized bovine bone or demineralized freeze-dried bone failed to demonstrate any added effect in the bone formation. Minimization of size and numbers of perforations of titanium membrane or use of occlusive titanium membrane might be effective to acquire predictable results in the vertical bone formation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

The biologic principle of guided bone regeneration(GBR) has been studied extensively in hopes of regenerating alveolar bone. Various materials have been utilized as regenerative membranes and grafting materials in implant surgery. To improve the ability of membranes, several types of membrane have been developed. Various materials have been utilized as regenerative membranes; however, all materials have disadvantages, and the ideal membrane material is yet to be identified. In these cases, a homologous gelatinized bone matrix(GBM) were used as a regenerative material in conjunction with the placement of endosseous root implants. 22 patients participated in this study, and 42 implants were inserted. The result of 1st operative surgery was uneventful, inflammatory reaction and dehiscences were not observed except for only one case. After the final protheses, all implants were functioning successfully. The major advantages in the use of GBMs for guided bone regeneration are of very wide application such as membrane and graft material, and that a second procedure to remove the material is not necessary, and the GBMs are accepted by the surrounding tissues without complications. The purpose of this study was to observe the usefulness of GBMs in dental implant surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2011

Introduction: In the lateral window approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft, there has been considerable controversy regarding the placement of a barrier membrane over the osteotomy site. In particular, when there is no damage to the Schneiderian membrane, clinicians should decide whether to use a barrier membrane or not, considering the benefits and costs. This study presents the clinical cases to demonstrate that only repositioning the detached window can lead to satisfactory bony healing of the grafted material without using a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Materials and Methods: Five consecutive patients were treated with the same surgical procedures. After performing the antrostomy on the lateral maxillary wall using a round carbide bur and diamond bur, the bony window was detached by a gentle levering action. After confirming no perforation of the Schneiderian membrane, the grafting procedure was carried out the detached window of the lateral maxillary wall was repositioned over the grafted material without using a barrier membrane. A gross examination was carried out at the postoperative 6 month re-entry, and the the preoperative and postoperative dental computed tomography (CT) at re-entry were compared. Results: All the procedures in the 5 patients went on to uneventful healing with no complications associated with the bone graft. Satisfactory bone regeneration without the interference of fibrous tissue on the gap between the repositioned window and lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was observed in the postoperative 6 month re-entry. The CT findings at re-entry revealed the, reconstruction of the external cortical plate including repositioned bony window. In addition, the loss of the discontinuity of the lateral maxillary wall was confirmed. Conclusion: This preliminary report showed that the detached window, which was just repositioned on the grafted material, could function as a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Therefore additional morphometric and histologic studies will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.156-160
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• 2013

Objectives: Interest in bone graft material has increased with regard to restoration in cases of bone defect around the implant. Autogenous tooth bone graft material was developed and commercialized in 2008. In this study, we evaluated the results of vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation with autogenous tooth bone graft material. Materials and Methods: This study targeted patients who had vertical or horizontal ridge augmentation using AutoBT from March 2009 to April 2010. We evaluated the age and gender of the subject patients, implant stability, adjunctive surgery, additional bone graft material and barrier membrane, post-operative complication, implant survival rate, and crestal bone loss. Results: We performed vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation using powder- or block-type autogenous tooth bone graft material, and implant placement was performed on nine patients (male: 7, female: 2). The average age of patients was $49.88{\pm}12.98$ years, and the post-operative follow-up period was $35{\pm}5.31$ months. Post-operative complications included wound dehiscence (one case), hematoma (one case), and implant osseointegration failure (one case; survival rate: 96%); however, there were no complications related to bone graft material, such as infection. Average marginal bone loss after one-year loading was $0.12{\pm}0.19$ mm. Therefore, excellent clinical results can be said to have been obtained. Conclusion: Excellent clinical results can be said to have been obtained with vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth bone graft material.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2009

Purpose: The retention of the basement membrane complex, which was the unique feature of the acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$), plays an important role in the normal process of wound healing. The present study was aimed to compare the healing of the acellular dermal matrix according to the graft method in the rabbit ear. Materials and methods: Six mature rabbits weighing about 3.0 kg were used, $10\;{\times}\;5\;mm$ sized subcutaneous pockets were created between the ear skin and the underlying perichondrium. In the control group, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted with the basement membrane facing toward the perichondrium. On the contrary, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted with the basement membrane facing toward the skin side in the experimental group I. In the experimental group II, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted like rolled configuration with basement membrane side in. The grafted site was picked at 3, 7, and 21 days after the graft. Serial sections were processed by H-E stain and examined under light microscopy to assess the healing patterns. Results: There was no distinct volume loss in the gross examination, but resorption was observed from the edge of the acellular dermal matrix in the histological examination. The space of resorption was replaced by the newly formed fibrous tissues and vessels. The inflammatory cells were more increased at 7 days after the graft than the early days. However, inflammation was decreased at 21 days after the graft. Regardless of the graft direction, no differences were observed between the control and the experimental group I in the healing patterns. Conclusion: These results suggest that the acellular dermal matrix can be used simply and effectively without regard to the graft direction as a substitute of autogenous material for repairing soft tissue defect.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.313-323
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb$^{(R)}$, Germany) and deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$, Switzerland) grafted to the defect of rat calvaria artificially created and the effect of use of absorbable membrane (BioMesh$^{(R)}$, Korea) on new bone formation. Materials and Methods: Transosseous circular calvarial defects with diameters of 5 mm were prepared in the both parietal bone of 30 rats. In the control group I, no specific treatment was done on the defects. In the control group II, the defects were covered with absorbable membrane. In the experimental group I, deproteinized bovine bone was grafted without absorbable membrane; in the experimental group II, deproteinized bovine bone was grafted with absorbable membrane; in the experimental group III, beta-tricalcium phosphate was grafted without absorbable membrane; in the experimental group IV, beta-tricalcium phosphate was grafted with absorbable membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and 6 weeks respectively, and histologic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Results: Compare to the control groups, the experimental groups showed more newly formed bone. Between the experimental groups, beta-tricalcium phosphate showed more resorption than deproteinized bovine bone. Stabilization of grafted material and interception of the soft tissue invasion was observed in the specimen treated with membrane. There was no statistical difference between the experimental group I, III and experimental group II, IV classified by graft material, but statistically significant increase in the amount of newly formed bone was observed in the experimental group I, II and II, IV classified by the use of membrane (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both beta-tricalcium phosphate and deproteinized bovine bone showed similar osteoconductibility, but beta-tricalcium phosphate is thought to be closer to ideal synthetic graft material because it showed higher resorption rate in vivo. Increased new bone formation can be expected in bone graft with use of membrane.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.222-231
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• 2008

Various maxillary sinus floor augmentation techniques were common performed and in the most cases, many kinds of bone graft materials were used. The graft materials are autogenous bone or other biomaterials of human, animal or synthetic origin. But these cases report describes a new surgical technique by which dental implants are inserted in a void space created by elevating the sinus membrane without additional graft material in atrophic posterior maxilla. We created lateral bony window using piezoelectric device and elevated the schneiderian membrane in five patients and was repositioned with bony window in five patients, without any bone graft. From the clinical and histological results, it is found there is potential capacity for bone formation and placement of implants in the maxillary sinus without the use of bone grafts or bone substitutes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.543-551
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• 2007

When clinicians faced with an insufficient volume of supporting bone on ideally esthetic and bio-mechanical position for dental implantation, guided bone regeneration(GBR) was indicated. Although GBR has wide application at clinic, proper time of membrane removal remains qustionable in using non-resorbable membrane, such as non-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maintenance period of PTFE membrane on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight adult New Zealand white female rabbits were used in this study. Four defects were surgically made in their calvaria. Using a trephine bur, 4 'through and through' defects were created and classified into 3 groups, which were consisted of control group(no graft), experimental group 1(autogenous bone)and experimental group 2(deproteinized bovine bone; $OCS-B^{(R)}$). The defects were covered with PTFE membrane($Cytoplast^{(R)}$). Membranes were removed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-GBR procedure in 2 rabbits repectively, All rabbits were sacrificed after 8 week post-GBR procedure. Specimens were harvested and observed histologically. The results were as follow; 1) The use of graft material and membrane was necessary in GBR procedure. 2) When PTFE membranes were removed early, the most favorable bone regeneration was revealed in experimental group T, followed by experimental group II and control group. 3) On GBR, it is recommended that membrane should maintain for 4 weeks with autogenous graft. As well, the use of xenograft need longer maintenance period than autogenous bone. Further evaluations will be needed, such as histomorphologic research, more species and different kinds of graft materials. And on the basis of these studies, clinical researches would be required.