• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

The powder manufacturing process using the gas atomizer process is easy for mass production, has a fine powder particle size, and has excellent mechanical properties compared to the existing casting process, so it can be applied to various industries such as automobiles, electronic devices, aviation, and 3D printers. In this study, a modified A4032-xSn (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%) alloy with low melting point properties is investigated. After maintaining an argon (Ar) gas atmosphere, the main crucible is tilted; containing molten metal at 1,000℃ by melting the master alloy at a high frequency, and Ar gas is sprayed at 10 bar gas pressure after the molten metal inflow to the tundish crucible, which is maintained at 800℃. The manufactured powder is measured using a particle size analyzer, and FESEM is used to observe the shape and surface of the alloy powder. DSC is performed to investigate the change in shape, according to the melting point and temperature change. The microstructure of added tin (Sn) was observed by heat treatment at 575℃ for 10 min. As the content of Sn increased, the volume fraction increased to 1.1, 3.1, 6.4, and 10.9%.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2019

Additively manufactured metallic components contain high surface roughness values, which lead to unsatisfactory high cycle fatigue resistance. In this study, high cycle fatigue properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy are investigated and the effect of dry-electropolishing, which does not cause weight loss, on the fatigue resistance is also examined. To reduce the internal defect in the as-built Ti-6Al-4V, first, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is conducted. Then, to improve the mechanical properties, solution treatment and aging are also implemented. Selective laser melting (SLM)-built Ti64 shows a primary α and secondary α+β lamellar structure. The sizes of secondary α and β are approximately 2 ㎛ and 100 nm, respectively. On the other hand, surface roughness Ra values of before and after dry-electropolishing are 6.21 ㎛ and 3.15 ㎛, respectively. This means that dry-electropolishing is effective in decreasing the surface roughness of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The comparison of high cycle fatigue properties between before and after dry-electropolished samples shows that reduced surface roughness improves the fatigue limit from 150 MPa to 170 MPa. Correlations between surface roughness and high cycle fatigue properties are also discussed based on these findings.

• 공학논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

코디어라이트(2MgO.$2Al_2 O_3$.$5SiO_2$)계 유리와 겔을 일반 용융법과 졸겔법으로 제조하여 그 결정화 거동을 비교하여 보았다. 졸겔법으로 제조되는 겔의 치밀화 온도는 $810^{\circ}C$이었으며, IR결과 용융유리와 같은 구조를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 겔의 결정화 개시온도는 $965^{\circ}C$이었으며, 핵형성제로서 10wt%의 $TiO_2$를 첨가한 용융유리의 $978^{\circ}C$ 보다 낮았다. 겔로부터의 결정상의 변화는 스피넬, $\beta$-석영고용 결정에서 $\alpha$-코디어라이트결정으로, 핵형성제로서 $TiO_2$를 넣은 용융유리에서는 (Mg,Al)TiOn 고용결정상과 $\beta$-석영고용결정에서 $\alpha$-코디어라이트로 전이하여감을 알 수 있었다. 핵형성제를 첨가한 용융유리의 결정화는 핵형성제로부터의 체적결정화였으며, 첨가하지 않은 경우는 $\beta$-석영고용결정으로부터의 표면결정화에 의해 결정화가 일어났으며, 겔로부터의 결정화는 치밀화과정에서 미립자사이에 생겨난 계면으로부터의 표면핵형성에 의한 내부 결정화과정을 거쳐 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Aluminum alloys have been widely used in many fields such as electronic, structure, aero-space and vehicle industries due to their outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity as well as low cost. However, they have some difficulties for using in brazing process because of the strong oxide layer of $Al_2O_3$ on the surface of Al alloy. In addition, their melting point is similar to that of brazing filler metal resulting in thermal damage of Al alloys. Therefore, it is very important to understand the brazing principles, filler metal and its properties such as wetting, capillary flow and dissolution of base metal in the Al brazing process. This paper reviews the brazing principles, aluminum alloys, and brazing fillers. In the case of brazing principle, some formula was used for calculation of capillary force and the dissolution to obtain the best condition of Al brazing. In addition, the advanced research trends in Al brazing were introduced including thermal treatment, additive for improving property and decreasing melting point in Al brazing process.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of internal heat treatment associated sintering temperatures were simulated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The sintering mechanism of pulsed current activated sintering process (PCAS) is still unclear because of some unexplainable heat transfer phenomena in coupled multi-physical fields, as well as the difficulty in measuring the interior temperatures of metal powder. We have carried out simulation study to find out thermal distributions between graphite mold and Ruthenium powder prior to PCAS process. For PCAS process, heating rate was maintained at $100^{\circ}C/min$ the simulation indicates that the sintering temperature range was between $1000^{\circ}C$ to $1300^{\circ}C$ under 60 MPa. The heat transfer inside the Ruthenium sintered-body sample was modelled through the whole process in order to predict the minimum interior temperature. Thermal simulation shows that the interior temperature gradient decreased by graphite punch length and calculation results well agreed with the PCAS field test results.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.659-663
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• 2001

In Japan, the municipal solid waste, which amounts to 50 million tons, is generated every year and most of it is incinerated. The bottom and fly ashes are disposed to the registered disposal areas under the provisions of The Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law. Especially, as the fly ash from the municipal waste incineration (the primary fly ash) contains heavy metals (lead, zinc, etc) and dioxins, it cannot be disposed directly without decontamination, such as moiling, cementation, chelating and dissolving processes provided in the law. However, these procedures for decontamination, except melting, are not enough for dioxins. Even in case of melting, the fly ash from the process (the secondary fly ash) contains high concentration of heavy metals (e.g., Zn; 1-20%, Pb; 1-10%). For these reasons, Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), a governmental organization, started a four-year project to develop the treatment technologies of these fly ashes in 1999. The purpose of the project is to establish the integrated technologies to recover the valuable metals from, and to decontaminate, the primary and secondary fly-ashes in the practical scale by utilizing the existing metallurgical processes and facilities, along with the energy saving and the reduction of the environmental impact.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1973

microwave oven의 배지 처리에의 이용에 고나한 실험에서 다음 결론을 얻었다. 1)배지 융해에 이용함으로써 시간을 단축하고, 푸로판 불꽃 사용시의 실내 공기 오염을 막을 수 있었다, 2)혐기성 배지에서의 공기 저게는 wire barsket에 넣은 시험관을 물이 든 beaker에서 가열하므로써 끓어 넘는것을 막을 수 있었다. 3)배지 중의 E.coli 살균효과는 불꽃처리의 경우와 비슷하였으며 고압멸균을 대치할 수는 없을 것으로 판단되었다, 저자들의 실험실에서는 매일 5~6종의 배지를 만들기 위해 융해하며, 혐기성 세균동정을 위해 40~50개의 반유동 배지에서 공기를 제거하는바 이를 위해 지난 수개월간 microwave oven을 이용하고 있고 편리함을 경험하고 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2012

Polyester is mainly used as a bedding filler material. PLA fiber as an eco-friendly material for substituting polyester has a low melting temperature and therefore a hardening process is impossible. This study is to develop the oil for feather touch that can treat at the melting temperature of PLA. The slippery and soft aminosilicone emulsion, and the bulky epoxysilicone emulsion were used. They had proper viscosity and particle size for flexibility and elasticity. When using methoxy aminosilane [$H_2NSi(OCH_3)_3$] as an aminosilane and [$Zn(OCOCH_3)_2$] as a catalyst, the hardening reaction was fast and effective. Feather touch process were treated by 2 steps. At first step, aminosilicone emulsion, epoxysilicone emulsion and methylaminosilane were mixed and homogenized, and at second step, 5% blened solution of the first step, Zn catalyst 1%, distilled water 94% were treated at PLA fiber. After treatment the static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient were reduced to 23.5-60.8% and 30.0-61.3% respectively, and the laundry and sun light fastnesses have not shown any decrease.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 추계총회 및 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

Plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium alloys is a well known technique to produce corrosion and wear resistant coatings. The addition of particles to the electrolyte provides a possibility to produce coatings with an increasing range of composition by in-situ incorporation of those particles into the coating. An extensive literature review has revealed that the mode of incorporation depends mainly on the melting point of the used particles and the energy provided by the discharges of the PEO process. The spectrum ranges from inert to partly reactive incorporation, but a complete reactive incorporation and a formation of a new single phase coating was not observed so far. Thus a new approach in PEO processing is introduced using specific particles as a kind of sintering additive, changing not only the composition but lowering the melting temperature and increase the liquid phase fraction during the discharges, resulting in a new amorphous coating.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.56.1-56.1
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• 2012

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy with C and N additions, produced by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting (EBM) method, were studied using X-ray diffraction, electron back scatter diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Vickers hardness tests, and tensile tests, focusing on the influences on the build direction and the various heat treatments after build. It is found that the microstructures for the as built specimens were changed from columnar to equiaxed grain structure with average grain size of approximately $10-20{\mu}m$ due to the heat treatment employing the reverse transformation from a lamellar (hcp + $Cr_2N$) phase to an fcc. Our results will contribute to the development of biomedical Ni-free Co-Cr-Mo-N-C alloys, produced by EBM method, with refined grain size and good mechanical properties, without requiring any hot workings.