• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.570-578
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• 2023

Experiments on zebrafish embryo toxicity and whitening efficacy, which is an alternative experimental animal model, were conducted using coffee by-products. As a result of the embryo toxicity test treated with the coffee residue extract, the coagulation rate was 3, 3, and 5% at 24, 48, and 72 hpf and concentration of 125 ppm, respectively. The hatching rate of embryos was 73% at the highest concentration of 125 ppm. In the heart beat rate experiment of zebrafish larva, the heart beat rate after 72 hpf was confirmed to be 153 times/60 s' at a concentration of 125 ppm. The negative control group showed no significant change in heart rate compared to the control group at 148 times/60s', and showed low toxicity. In addition, as a result of evaluating the whitening effect in zebrafish, melanin formation was inhibited as the concentration of the coffee residue extract increased. The results of this study suggest the possibility that naturally derived by-product materials can be used as raw materials for cosmetics, and are expected to be used in the cosmetics industry as an example of research that increases the added value of natural product residue.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

An actinomycetes F-97 producing tyrosinase inhibitor was isolated from soil samples. Isolation and purification of tyrosinase inhibitor produced by F-97 was performed as follows: IRC-120 ($NH_4^+$ type) column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, $C_{18}$ column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were used successively after the centrifuged supernatant was adjusted to pH 4.0. To identify the purity of the inhibitor, octadecylsilyl(ODS) HPLC was carried out with 5% methanol as a mobile phase. Finally, the purification yield of a tyrosinase inhibitor was 5.24%. The inhibitor was very soluble in water, methanol and ethanol but insoluble in acetone, butanol, ethylacetate and chloroform. The ${\lambda}_{max}$ value of this inhibitor in water was 194nm under UV light. The biochemical test of the inhibitor was positive in Molish, Benedict, cone. $H_2SO_4$, and $KMnO_4$ tests but negative in iodine, ninhydrin, Million, Sakaguchi, xanthoproteic and Emerson tests. The tyrosinase inhibitor was stable against heat treatment of $100^{\circ}C$ for 50 minutes and pH $4{\sim}9$. The $IC_{50}$ value of this inhibitor was $19.2{\mu}g/ml$ for mushroom tyrosinase. In $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ inhibitor concentration, inhibition zone was 27 mm for Streptomyces bikiniensis NRRL B-1049. The inhibition of F-97 against mushroom tyrosinase was competitive with tyrosine.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Herbal plant extracts are good resources to find functional compounds for cosmetic ingredient. In this study, the extract of Areca semen (A. semen) was studied for melanogenesis inhibition and antioxidant activity. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen contained phenolic contents, $301.35{\pm}0.88{\mu}g/mg$, and exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $1.02{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/mg$. Further, FRAP value exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $9.07{\pm}0.36mM$. Disk diffusion assay was performed for antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) at $80{\mu}g/mL$, whereas it showed no significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of cell viability indicated that ethyl acetate fraction did not show cytotoxicity to B16/F1 cells at $80{\mu}g/mL$ and showed significant cytotoxicity at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of concentration and showed inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibitory, $29.78{\pm}0.31%$ at $80{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of tyrosinase and MITF were decreased after treatment with ethyl acetate fraction in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen could be considered as potential as whitening agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2010

Until now, evaluating the efficacy of brightening mainly depends on total reflective light measurement. For example, SHV (Saturation, Hue, Value), $L^*$ $a^*$ $b^*$ (CIELAB color space system) color space system was used and lightness and saturation changes were chosen as major parameters for evaluating brightening effect. However, those parameters were calculated from total reflective light on the skin and it is hard to evaluate perceptive efficacy such as luminescence, and glossy. In this research, we applied new method for estimating change of luminescence of skin by using 'Lumiscan' which uses polarized light for detecting surface and inside reflective light independently. We also tested 15 different parameters for finding correlations between luminescence and those parameters. As a results, our 2 different brightening products showed 5 ~ 9 % increase of luminescence at 4 and 8 weeks. And we also found that skin roughness (-28 %), melanin index (-17 %), redness (-7 %), hydration (15 %), and lightness (6 %) were related to luminescence of skin.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate the inhibition of skin melanin formation by extract of Angelica koreana and Cnidium monnieri and the possibility of functional cosmetic materials through anti-irritation and stability test. The extract used in this experiment is White-$AK^{TM}$ and the INCI name is Osthole. The main component of White-$AK^{TM}$ was identified as coumarin and EC50 value was 2.7ppm by mouse melanoma B 16 cell test. White-$AK^{TM}$ showed inhibitory effects 100 times lower concentration than arbutin. The main mechanism for skin whitening effect thought to be inhibition of tyrosinase-related gene expression. The basic essence formulation of White-$AK^{TM}$ 5% solution applied to the skin showed the effect of relieving skin irritation. White-$AK^{TM}$ in an opaque container, under UV conditions for 4 weeks, and showed close to 100% recovery and 97% recovery under $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. Therefore, it is thought that White-$AK^{TM}$ which helps skin whitening, relieving skin irritation and stable in UV condition is able to be used as the functional component in the cosmetic formulation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2009

In our search for the natural cosmetic ingredients, we found that Euryale ferox seed extract exhibited the strong antioxidative activity. Five active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract through various chromatographic methods and their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis. These compounds were identified as fucosterol (1), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-[(7'R),5'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl]tetrahydrofuran (2), resorcinol (3), pyrogallol (4) and 4-O-methylgallic acid (5).We evaluated the antioxidative, antielastase activities and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of these compounds. The $SC_{50}$ values of compounds 2 ~ 5 for free radical scavenging activity were $17.0\;{\sim}\;100.2\;{\mu}M$ and especially compounds 4 and 5 were 6-fold more effective than ferulic acid as a positive control. And compounds 2 ~ 4 inhibited human neutrophil elastase with $IC_{50}$ values of $18.8\;{\sim}\;78.2\;{\mu}M$ and compound 3 also inhibited melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells with an $IC_{50}$ value of $492.8\;{\mu}M$. These results suggest that Euryale ferox extract having a lot of various active ingredients may be useful as a natural multi-functioning agent.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.698-705
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• 1994

The basic medium oil modified alkyd resin was synthesized from linseed oil fatty acid(LOFA), phthalic anhydride(PAA), maleic anhydride(MA) and trimethylol propane(TMP) by condensation polymerization at $230^{\circ}C$. MA/TMPTA modified water-reducible alkyd resins were synthesized with TMPTA graft copolymerization onto the basic resin at $180^{\circ}C$. Acid value of the resin was controlled by the addition amount of MA and N,N-dimethylethanol amine(DMEA) was used as a neutralizing agent to prepare of the water-reducible alkyd resin. The effect of TMPTA on the graft copolymerization of the resin was studied by measuring molecular weight glass transition temperature(Tg), viscosity, graft efficiency, and gel contents of melanin cured film. Heat resistance, UV resistance and water resistance of cured film of MA/TMPTA modified resin was compared to those of TMA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin. The molecular weight, viscosity gel contents and graft efficiency of water reducible alkyd resin were increased according to the TMPTA graft copolymerization, but Tg was decreased. The viscosity was lower when the solid contents reached 40% than that of 30% content and also and also became lower with the extent of neutralization ratio, The heat resistance, UV resistance and water resistance of the MA/TMPTA modified alkyd resis were better than those of TMA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin but the storage stability of the TMA/TMPTA alkyd resis was better than that of MA/TMPTA modified alkyd resin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.604-614
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• 2020

Chronological aging and photoaging affect appearance, causing wrinkles, pigmentation, texture changes, and loss of elasticity in the skin. Phragmites communis is a tall perennial herb used for its high nutritional value and for medicinal purposes, such as relief from fever and vomiting and facilitation of diuresis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of P. communis rhizome (PCE) on skin aging. The total flavonoid and total phenolic content in PCE were 2.92 ± 0.007 ㎍ of quercetin equivalents (QE) and 231.8 ± 0.001 ㎍ of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 mg of dried extract (n = 3). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PCE for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were 0.96 and 0.97 mg/mL, respectively. PCE showed inhibitory effects on tyrosinase when L-tyrosine (IC50 = 1.25 mg/mL) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (IC50 = 0.92 mg/mL) were used as substrates. PCE treatment up to 200 ㎍/mL for 24 h did not cause any significant cytotoxicity in B16F10 melanocytes, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and HaCaT keratinocytes. In B16F10 melanocytes, PCE (25 and 50 ㎍ /mL) inhibited melanin production and cellular tyrosinase activity after challenge with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH; p < 0.05). In HDFs, PCE suppressed the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reduced the activity of elastase (p < 0.05). In addition, ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated downregulation of hyaluronic acid synthase-2 gene expression in HaCaT keratinocytes was also effectively suppressed by PCE treatment. Overall, our results showed that PCE has potential anti-skin aging activity associated with the suppression of hyperpigmentation, wrinkle formation, and reduction in dryness. PCE is a promising candidate for the development of an anti-skin aging cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

Echinacea purpurea, an indian traditional plant medicine has been widely used as herbal remedy for the treatment of disease such as colds or other infections. However, Echinacea purpurea extracts recently have been applied as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. We artificially cultured Echinacea purpurea by using the bioreactor culture system for this study. We induced callus from Echinacea purpurea and separated adventitious roots, harvested and extracted after cultured in bioreactors. Previously, several studies have been reported on anti-oxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea extract but other efficacies were not well known. In this study, we investigated the whitening, anti-wrinkle and anti-oxidant effects to know applicable value of tissue-cultured Echinacea purpurea adventitious roots extract(TCEPARE) as a cosmetic ingredient. TCEPARE did not show cytotoxicity until a concentration of 2% and showed the anti-oxidative effect in DPPH and NBT tests. Also, the extract decreased tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. TCEPARE reduced protein levels of MMP-1, 2 secreted in culture medium or in cell lysates. From these results we suggest that TCEPARE has potential benefits applicable as to cosmetic ingredient for skin care products.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4038-4045
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• 2011

To investigate whitening Effects of Angelica dahurica Radix Ethanol Extract (ADEE), we used melan-a cell line, brown guinea pig, and HMB-45. We treated with ADEE of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration in order to evaluate the effect of ADEE on cell viability and on morphological observation of melan-a cells. Also we were induced the artificial tanning spots by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs (approximately 450~500g) and then the test agent of $30{\mu}{\ell}$ was applied on the spots twice a day, five days a week, for five weeks respectively. The visible whitening effect was evaluated once a week. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization. The artificial tanning spots were obtained by biopsy punch and stained with HMB-45 to observe the gp100 proteins which were melanosomes. Our results show that cell viability was not reduce at ADEE concentrations between 6.25 and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melanin synthesis and melanocyte dendricity were decreased in ADEE treated melan-a cells increasing ADEE concentration. In the gross observation, ADEE treated groups had lower pigmentation than the vehicle control groups. And in the histological observation, ADEE treated groups had lower melanocytes than the vehicle control groups. Also in the quantitative analysis of the gp100 proteins using image analysis software, ADEE treated groups had a significantly lower value (p<0.001) than the vehicle control group and this resultsagreed with the results of observation under microscope. From these results, weconcluded that ADEE had positive whitening effect.