• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2009

Purpose: We designed a retrospective study to measure the accuracy of the ICD-10 (International Classification of Disease-10) code for trauma patients. We also analyzed the error of the ICISS (International Classification of Disease based Injury Severity Score) due to a missing or an incorrect ICD-10 code. Methods: For the measuring the accuracy of the ICD-10 code for trauma patients in a tertiary teaching hospital's emergency department, two board certified emergency physician performed a retrospective chart review. The ICD-10 code was classified as a main code or a sub-code. The main code was defined as the code of the main department of treatment, and the sub-code was defined as a code other than the main code. We calculated and compared two ICISS for each patient one by using both the existing code and the other by using a corrected code. We compared the proportions of severe trauma (defined as an ICISS less than 0.9) between when the existing code and the corrected code was used respectively. Results: We reviewed the records of 4287 trauma patients who had been treated from July 2008 to November 2008. The accuracy of the main code, the sub-code of emergency department, main-code, the sub-code of hospitalized patients were 97.1%, 59.8%, 98.2% and 57.0%, respectively. Total accuracy of the main and sub-code of emergency department and of hospitalized patients were 91.4% and 58.6%. The number of severe trauma patients increased from 33 to 49 when the corrected code was used in emergency department and increased from 35 to 60 in hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The accuracy of the sub-code was lower than that of the main code. A missing or incorrect subcode could cause an error in the ICISS and in the number of patients with severe trauma.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2017

Background: In this study, we investigated how to convert the Panax ginseng DNA sequence code and chemical fingerprints into a two-dimensional code. In order to improve the compression efficiency, GATC2Bytes and digital merger compression algorithms are proposed. Methods: HPLC chemical fingerprint data of 10 groups of P. ginseng from Northeast China and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence code as the DNA sequence code were ready for conversion. In order to convert such data into a two-dimensional code, the following six steps were performed: First, the chemical fingerprint characteristic data sets were obtained through the inflection filtering algorithm. Second, precompression processing of such data sets is undertaken. Third, precompression processing was undertaken with the P. ginseng DNA (ITS2) sequence codes. Fourth, the precompressed chemical fingerprint data and the DNA (ITS2) sequence code were combined in accordance with the set data format. Such combined data can be compressed by Zlib, an open source data compression algorithm. Finally, the compressed data generated a two-dimensional code called a quick response code (QR code). Results: Through the abovementioned converting process, it can be found that the number of bytes needed for storing P. ginseng chemical fingerprints and its DNA (ITS2) sequence code can be greatly reduced. After GTCA2Bytes algorithm processing, the ITS2 compression rate reaches 75% and the chemical fingerprint compression rate exceeds 99.65% via filtration and digital merger compression algorithm processing. Therefore, the overall compression ratio even exceeds 99.36%. The capacity of the formed QR code is around 0.5k, which can easily and successfully be read and identified by any smartphone. Conclusion: P. ginseng chemical fingerprints and its DNA (ITS2) sequence code can form a QR code after data processing, and therefore the QR code can be a perfect carrier of the authenticity and quality of P. ginseng information. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of a quality traceability system of traditional Chinese medicine based on a two-dimensional code.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

When using Medical Information Retrieval services, a typical retrieval method is to use the Anatomic Therapyutic Chemical Classification (ATC) code. Traditional ATC code-based medical information retrieval is very useful for single ingredient product retrieval with single ingredient. However, in the case of complex, retrieval errors often occur. The cause of this problem is that ATC code-based retrieval proceeds by pattern matching ATC code.In this work, we design the mapping scheme based on ATC code by analyzing the requirement scenarios for retrieval based on main ingredient in ATC code-based retrieval. the mapping scheme based on ATC is a schema that stores the ATC code of the complex and all the ATC code of the single agent included in the complex. ATC code-based retrieval using this schema retrieves a complex as ingredient of a single ingredient product, thus having higher accuracy than existing methods. the mapping scheme based on ATC is expected to increase the efficiency of doctors' prescription of patients and increase the accuracy of drug safety use services.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.335-338
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a downlink power control scheme to apply in the unequal error protection multi-code CDMA mobile medicine system. The mobile medicine system contains (i) blood pressure and body temperature measurement value, (ii) ECG medical signals measured by the electrocardiogram device, (iii) mobile patient's history, (iv) G.729 audio signal, MPEG-4 CCD sensor video signal, and JPEG2000 medical image. By the help of the multi-code CDMA spread spectrum communication system with downlink power control scheme and unequal error protection strategy, it is possible to transmit mobile medicine media and meet the quality of service. Numerical analysis and simulation results show that the system is a well transmission platform in mobile medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the KCD codes applied to the treatment of 27 postpartum women who had been treated with Korean traditional medicine in a Korean medicine hospital, so that this study may be used as a basic data for setting the direction of postpartum Korean medical treatment research. Methods: It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center (IRB approval number : WSOH IRB H1708-02-01). Twenty-seven postpartum women who had been treated at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center were received outpatient treatment for two weeks (from September 27, 2017 to January 5, 2018), and the KCD codes applied to the mothers were collected after obtaining the consent. On the day of registration of the study, the fertility, obstetric history and high-risk pregnancies were identified through an interview. Results: 1. The mean age of the 27 subjects was $33.33{\pm}3.99\;years$ old. Among the subjects, 17 mothers (63.0%) were high-risk pregnancy and 10 mothers (37.0%) were normal. 2. Among the 22 major disease categories, 8 categories were used. M code (musculoskeletal system) was used 243 times (70.85%), followed by R code (unclassified symptom) of 51 times (14.87%) and U code (special purpose code) of 23 times (6.71%). 3. The most commonly used code among the ten frequently used codes was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), a total of 47 times. Of the remaining nine codes, except for R60.1 (systemic edema) and U68.4 (The deficiency of yang in Bi), all codes were M codes (musculoskeletal system). 4. The M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category in high-risk group, a total of 159 times. But in specific categories, the most commonly used code was R60.1 (systemic edema), a total of 28 times. 5. In normal group, the M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category, a total of 84 times. Also, in specific categories, the most commonly used code was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), total 29 times. 6. The U code, corresponding to 'the diagnosis of childbirth and other obstetrical medical use', was used 23 times (6.71%), O code three times (0.87%) and Z code two times (0.58%), which was less than 10% of the total number of codes used. Conclusion: When analyzing KCD codes related to Korean medicine treatment for postpartum diseases, it is important to select the KCD codes that reflect the actual clinical state.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2021

Background: Although identifying cases in large administrative databases may aid future research studies, previous reports demonstrated that the use of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code alone for diagnosis leads to disease misclassification. Purpose: We aimed to assess the value of the ICD-10 diagnostic code for identifying potential children with biliary atresia. Methods: Patients aged <18 years assigned the ICD-10 code of biliary atresia (Q44.2) between January 1996 and December 2016 at a quaternary care teaching hospital were identified. We also reviewed patients with other diagnoses of code-defined cirrhosis to identify more potential cases of biliary atresia. A proposed diagnostic algorithm was used to define ICD-10 code accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: We reviewed the medical records of 155 patients with ICD-10 code Q44.2 and 69 patients with other codes for biliary cirrhosis (K74.4, K74.5, K74.6). The accuracy for identifying definite/probable/possible biliary atresia cases was 80%, while the sensitivity was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-93%). Three independent predictors were associated with algorithm-defined definite/probable/possible cases of biliary atresia: ICD-10 code Q44.2 (odds ratio [OR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.09-7.71), history of pale stool (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.18-6.60), and a presumed diagnosis of biliary atresia prior to referral to our hospital (OR, 17.49; 95% CI, 7.01-43.64). A significant interaction was noted between ICD-10 code Q44.2 and a history of pale stool (P<0.05). The area under the curve was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.89). Conclusion: ICD-10 code Q44.2 has an acceptable value for diagnosing biliary atresia. Incorporating clinical data improves the case identification. The use of this proposed diagnostic algorithm to examine data from administrative databases may facilitate appropriate health care allocation and aid future research investigations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

Objectives: To analyze the prescription frequency of various herbs as either individual or major herbs (in terms of dosage) and their usage patterns in the treatment of different diseases for standardization of traditional Korean medicine. Methods: We analyzed the prescription database of patients at the Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital from the date of establishment of the hospital to February 2013. The complete prescription data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients, and the prescription frequencies of individual herbs, particularly, of major herbs, were analyzed in terms of gender, age, and international classification of diseases (ICD) code. Results: The prescription frequency of individual herbs based on age and gender showed a similar pattern. Herbal mixtures were also distributed in a similar manner. The use of some herbs differed according to age and gender (Table 1.). The herbs that were used at high frequencies for a given ICD code had similar usage patterns in different categories. However, some major herbs in the "Jun (King)" category were used uniquely for a given ICD code (Table 2.). There was significant difference between male and female on ICD code E and N, but the other ICD codes had small differences. The ratio of herbal medicine by gender showed different usage patterns in each gender. Conclusions: The findings of our study provide fundamental data that reflect the real clinical conditions in South Korea, and therefore, can contribute to the standardization of TKM.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.05
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• pp.118-120
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• 1992

We have developed and been using laboratory order communication system which is a computerized laboratory request and reception system wi th bar code between inpatient or outpatient and the clinical laboratory in Chungbuk National Unversity Hospital. Work flows are as follows: Tests are requested by the physicians through hospital information system without issuing request forms. Bar code stickers containing demographics of patient and other informations such as sample number, slip code and specimen code are printed and attached to smaple tubes. At the department of clinical pathology, smaples are received through the bar code reader. Area numbers are automatically created and laboratory work numbers are determined. Worklists can be issued by each section of laboratory when needed. Our order communication system alleviates the human labor such as specimen labelling and making worklist and reduces clerical errors that occur from sample collection to laboratory analysis.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to assess the usage of diagnosis codes for somatic dysfunctions and the general characteristics of patients diagnosed with the code, by analyzing health insurance data provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(HIRA) of Korea. This investigation is intended to outline future and willing to contribute to further use of diagnosis code and the approach of Oriental Medicine to somatic dysfunction. Materials and Methods : By analyzing HIRA data, those diagnosed with M99 codes, a code attributed to somatic dysfunction, were selected for analysis. Patients included were assessed for the relevant general characteristics, and the specific diagnostic criteria. The current usage rates and noteworthy characteristics of diagnostic codes of somatic dysfunctions were assessed. A comparative analysis between clinical departments and subcategories, and a comparative analysis to data of 2014 was conducted. Results : Patients given M99 codes constituted a small minority of all patients diagnosed in 2011 as shown by HIRA data. The codes were more frequently to older patients, females, outpatients, and those who filed for Health Insurance compensation. Medical institutions participating in the diagnosis were mostly primary care facilities, usually specializing in orthopedic(Western medicine sector) and internal medicine (Oriental Medicine sector). The most registered code in 2011 and 2014 was M995. The same trend can be observed in Oriental/Western medicine institutions and Public health center, on the other hand, between them, have some different patterns both 2nd and 3rd. Conclusions : This investigation is that of current usage of diagnostic codes of somatic dysfunction. HIRA insurance claim data was analyzed. Based on the current results, more precise diagnostic standards of somatic dysfunction are warranted. This study will provide a foundation for future Oriental Medicine approach to somatic dysfunctions.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2020

Objectives : This study is retrospective chart review research on the combined-prescription of Western and Korean medicine in Public Health Center in rural area. Methods : Researchers reviewed medical records of patients who was prescribed Korean medicine and Western medicine from 1st, Jan, 2019 to 31st, Dec, 2019 in Public Health Center. 50 patients' medical records were included. Results : Total number of treatment is 3,808 cases and 1.3% of them is prescribed Korean medicine and Western medicine simultaneously. Prescription of Korean medicine is 153 cases and Western medicine is 160. Jowiseunggi-tang and Diroba tablet were the most frequently prescribed Korean medicine and Western medicine. Furthermore, Korean Medicine Doctors of Public Health Center use muscular skeletal disease system code(M code among KCD code) for prescription and Western Medicine Doctors use diseases of the circulatory system(I code among KCD code) frequently. Conclusions : We analyze 50 patients who were prescribed both Korean medicine and Western medicine. Mostly, patients were prescribed medicine for different diseases in each clinic. In western medicine clinic, drugs about circulatory or endocrine disease were prescribed frequently and in Korean Medicine clinic, drugs about muscular skeletal disease were most frequently prescribed. This result imply the real world's combination of prescription status that was different from result of National health insurance corporation database. Senior patients in rural area take medicine long period and have various underlying disease. We call for some attention about senior and rural area patients' prescription status in interaction studies of Korean medicine and Western medicine.