• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1999

Timosaponin A III, an active and major compound, was isolated from rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The quantitative analysis of timosaponin AIII was performed by a high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method using ELSD and the useful extraction method for HPLC analysis was examined as well. This HPLC method can be utilized as the standard analytical method for the evaluation of the quality of Anemarrhena rhizoma in the steps of breeding and cultivation. Additionally, the HPLC analysis method can be useful for the evaluation of the quality of Anemarrhena rhizoma sold as a traditional medicine in current markets.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2010

Cheonggukjang is one of the traditional fermented soy-based foods in Korean diets. Studies in cell cultures, humans have revealed anti-hypertension, anti-stress, anticancer, antioxidant, immune enhancing effects. Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae radix, and Red ginseng are popular medicinal plants and widely used for oriental medicine. In this study a strategy had been developed to mobilize beneficial phenolics from Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae radix, and Red ginseng combined with fermented soy by Cheonggukjang fermentation for antioxidant and Type II diabetes management. The quality and functional characteristics of Chenggukjang fermented with Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae radix and Red ginseng. Cheonggukjang (CKJ), Angelica gigas Cheonggukjang (CKJ-DD), Rehmanniae radix Cheonggukjang (CKJ-RG), Angelica gigas and Rehmanniae radix Cheonggukjang (CKJ-DD+RG) and Red ginseng Cheonggukjang (CKJ-RED) were evaluated. The mobilized phenolic profile was evaluated for antioxidant activity and the potential to inhibit ${\alpha}$-amylase linked to hyperglycaemia. This research has important implications for the development of functional soy-based-fermented foods enriched with Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae radix and Red ginseng phenolics for oxidative stress - induced diabetic complications. Furthermore, Hunter's color values of 5 types cheonggukjang, lightness (L-values), redness (a-values) and yellowness (b-values) were evaluated. Free amino acid content of CKJ-RED (0.993 mg/gd. w.) showed higher than that of CKJ (0.205 mg/g-d.w.).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 2005

We have investigated the effects of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi- ang on the differentiation of murine bone marrow cells in methylcellulose culture. GM-CSF and IL-3 supported primarily the formation of granulocyte/mac-rophage colony formation. However, the addition of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang extract yielded a significant increase in the numbers of colonies and differentiated cells in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-3. We have analyzed CD11b (Mac-1) expression of differentiated cells from bone marrow by staining with monoclonal anti-CD11b antibody. The majority of colony-forming cells were in CD11b/sup +/ population. Also Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang extract promoted the production of IL-6 and nitric oxide by macrophages. These results demonstrate that extract of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, a prescription of traditional oriental medicine, is effective in supporting macrophage potential of the primary colonies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the active and general components between mulberry leaf tea (MLT) and fermented mulberry leaf tea (FMLT). Among the general ingredients, the crude lipids of FMLT contained higher than that of MLT, while the level of carbohydrates was higher in the MLT. Although free sugar of FMLT was a lower concentration than MLT, the value of maltose was higher in the MLT. In FMLT, maltose was not analyzed but small amount of lactose was analyzed. In addition, the level of total free amino acid of MLT was higher than that of FMLT. The level of glutamic acid was highest in MLT, while that of cystine was highest in FMLT. The value of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was greater in the derivatives of amino acids, and the content was similar for both MLT and FMLT. FMLT also contained a lower level of unsaturated fatty acids than MLT. In addition, the content of total mineral was higher in FMLT, and the level of K was the highest and similar in both teas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.282-287
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• 2008

Gardeniae Fructus (GF) is a fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) which has been used in traditional medicine. It contains not only geniposide but also resveratrol, a kind of stilbene as a natural antioxidant. In this study, we investigated physiological activities of GF extracts by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability (NSA), super oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity (ITA). As a solvent, it was extracted with water, 50 and 100% ethanol using microwave. At the concentration of 6 mg/mL, EDA was the highest at 50% ethanol extract but the lowest at 100% ethanol extract, $96.43{\pm}0.25%\;and\;77.06{\pm}0.22%$ respectively. NSA showed the strongest activity at 50% ethanol extract like EDA (6 mg/mL: $75.26{\pm}0.28%$). ITAs were below 20% in all samples and their activities reduced according to increasing concentration. Likewise, SOD-like activities decreased with increasing concentration of extracts in all samples. In conclusion, GF extracts showed low SOD-like activities and ITAs but EDAs and NSAs were fairly high; especially EDA of 50% ethanol extract (6 mg/mL) was high as those of 0.1 and 1% L-ascorbic acid. Therefore the results suggest that GF extracts may be useful as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.721-726
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• 2015

Phellinus baumii has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of various cancer types, such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer and malignant melanoma. It has strong anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities due to its polysaccharides including glucan, schizophyllan, heteroglycan and lentinan, as well as its polyphenolics such as protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid. ${\beta}$-Glucan and polyphenolics may be the most important activ ecompounds in P. baumii. Therefore, researchers have focused on these two compounds to improve their contents in extracts. In this study, P. baumii was extracted with hot-water and ethanol at different pH conditions, and their ${\beta}$-glucan contents, antioxidant activity and antioxidant contents were determined. Extraction yield was highest for the 60% ethanol extract at pH 4. The ${\beta}$-glucan contents of the hot-water extract at pH 7 was higher than those of the ethanol extracts. The antioxidant contents and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts were higher than those of the hot-water extracts. Extraction with 60% ethanol at pH 7 was appropriate with respect to the antioxidant capacities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2012

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory diseases due to its strong antagonistic activity against inflammatory cytokines. The effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract (CIE) for increasing cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen content were totally inhibited, suggesting that the effect of CIE might be partly involved with estrogen activity. Furthermore, the protective effects of CIE on the response of osteoblasts to oxidative stress were evaluated. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with hydrogen peroxide and/or CIE, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. CIE significantly increased cell survival, ALP activity, and calcium deposition, and decreased the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in osteoblasts. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.727-738
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a 4 week course of Cox distraction manipulation (CDM) combined with therapeutic modalities on the treatment of patients with L4-5 herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). A total of 15 patients with L4-5 HNP (mean age, 37.76 years; age range 20-50years) participated in the study. A 4 week course of CDM combined with therapeutic modalities was delivered to the patients for 6 days per week for the first two weeks, and three times per week for two additional weeks. The entire treatment consisted of 18 visits over 4 week period. Comparisons of changes in the muscle strengthening (MS), straight leg raise (SLR), and oswestry disability index (ODI) at pre-intervention, after two weeks treatment sessions, and at discharge (after 18 treatment sessions) were analyzed. Comparisons of changes in the disc herniation index (DHI) at pre-intervention and at discharge were analyzed using the paired t-test. There were significant improvements in the outcome measures of MS Ibs, SLR test, and ODI score after 2 weeks and 4 weeks sessions of CDM combined with therapeutic modalities as compared with the pre-intervention. However, no significant different pre-test and post-test DHI. CDM combined with therapeutic modalities appears to be a safe and efficacious, noninvasive treatment modality for patients with L4-5 HNP.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-94
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• 2002

Within physical therapy education, there has been increased attention to curricula and course that emphasize problem solving, clinical reasoning, and synthesis of information across traditional discipline-specific boundaries. This article describes the development implementation, and outcomes of a problem-based learning course in Physical therapy. The course was designed to help students to integrate the various elements of a physical therapy curriculum and to enhance their abilities to respond to an ever-changing health care environment. An evaluation of the course by the first 50 students who completed it revealed both strengths and weaknesses. Students responded that the course enhanced their professional behavior, including interpersonal communication skills, team work, and follow-through with professional responsibilities. The learning package was developed by the authors and implemented to a college students during three weeks of the first semester of 2001. Most studies which conducted PBL module development were short period or temporary PBL package application and evaluation rather than a whole semester's. While, this study carried on partial integrated PBL curriculum development and application with recomposing content of the two subjects to one subject Physical therapy which includes four PBL packages. This package was developed from a simple concept to complex and partial integrated PBL curriculum application systematically variable learning methods such as discussion, practice, lecture, video. There are 2 classes, each class has 25 students, in the college. Each class has 5 small groups consisting 5 students. Two tutors proceeded discussion charging each class also, they used multiple methods and materials like tutorials, self-directed learning, lecture, and video. The package is 5 grades and 5 hours per week and the rate of discussion, lecture is 4, 1 respectively. One of the most change is the increase of interaction between students and tutors. Whenever students need information and suggestion, they can visit tutors who provide reading materials and guide for the direction of self learning. Therefore, this study describes the PBL package development process and application during one semester recomposing contents of two subjects to Physical therapy concepts. Besides, it will contribute to active application of existing each subject to tutors who intend to convert as PBL methods. The study has significant meaning to show potentiality of partially integrated PBL application, using systematic PBL package development from two subjects contents. However, when students' need of yearning is over the extent of Introduction of Physical therapy and Rehabilitation medicine, tutors should set learning extent. So, there is limitation to attain completely integrated PBL education within one subject, therefore, it is high lighted to proceed development of integrated curriculum to maximize learning effects of PBL. It is exected that partial integrated PBL package development and application will distribute to prosper excellent physiotherapist in practice.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.338-342
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• 1996

Fruit of Lycium chinense Miller was known to Korean as traditional medicine that has effective components for strengtherning function of human body, especially liver. To study characteristics of the wine and Yakju made by fruit Lycium chinense Miller, general components such as organic acid, methanol, ester, fusel oil and $SO_2$ were analyzed after storing them for 10 and 20 days at $20^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Organic acid contents of the wine were mainly lactic, malic, tartaric and acetic acid. Ester and fusel oil contents of the wine were $4.0{\sim}5.0\;mg%$ and $12{\sim}30\;mg%$, respectively, and the values were smaller than those of the Yakju. Methanol content of the wine was $25{\sim}27\;mg%$. Storage temperature in terms of the quality of the wine and Yakju was better in $20^{\circ}C\;than\;30^{\circ}C$. Treatment of the wine and Yakju either by adding 100 ppm of $SO_2$ or heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was better in quality than control for storage.