• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.149-168
• /
• 2016

The Saka were a large group of Eastern Iranian nomadic tribes on the Eurasian Steppe. The sythian figures shown on the Persian reliefs are esteemed as the only empirical material in the range of scythian costume researches. The study of the scythian culture is an important part in the research of possible connections of our cultural roots with this region. The investigation was initiated by the theory, that the korean people emigrated from the Eurasian region, so that their origin can linked to eurasian riding people. The aim of this study is to organize the scythian clothingform in a typological system. This results shall be used as the starting point for research investigating the origin of the korean clothingform. This study refers to data, which has been extracted from reviews of literature, articles and excavation data of German Archaeological Institute. Results of this study are as follows: The basic form of clothing shown on the Persian reliefs is the upperjacket with narrow sleeve and trousers. This basic form is divided into two different types. 1)The median tunicform upperjacket('Sarapis') and median narrow trousers('Anaxsirides'), which is bound with its end shoes. 2)The Scythian 'Cutaway' upperjacket that is cut from the front in the middle to the knee with the diagonal lines and relatively wide trousers. They wore high pointed hats with flaps over ears and the nape of the neck. The first median type is dated from the $6^{th}$ century BC. and the second type can be found on reliefs from the $5^{th}$ century BC. Reliefs. In the meantime appeared a mixed form, namely scythian Jacket and median trousers. From this analysis could be observed that scythian clothingform has changed by median type to the scythian type. The Scythians shown on the Persian reliefs are divided into three group according to the regions where they lived: Saka-paradraya, Saka-tigraxauda, Saka-haumavarga. Clothingstype is different depending on the group. The clothesform is also used as a good parameter to distinguish scythian groups.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.282-286
• /
• 2016

Objective : Obturator neuropathy is a rare condition. Many neurosurgeons are unfamiliar with the obturator nerve anatomy. The purpose of this study was to define obturator nerve landmarks around the obturator foramen. Methods : Fourteen cadavers were studied bilaterally to measure the distances from the nerve root to relevant anatomical landmarks near the obturator nerve, including the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the pubic tubercle, the inguinal ligament, the femoral artery, and the adductor longus. Results : The obturator nerve exits the obturator foramen and travels infero-medially between the adductors longus and brevis. The median distances from the obturator nerve exit zone (ONEZ) to the ASIS and pubic tubercle were 114 mm and 30 mm, respectively. The median horizontal and vertical distances between the pubic tubercle and the ONEZ were 17 mm and 27 mm, respectively. The shortest median distance from the ONEZ to the inguinal ligament was 19 mm. The median inguinal ligament lengths from the ASIS and the median pubic tubercle to the shortest point were 103 mm and 24 mm, respectively. The median obturator nerve lengths between the ONEZ and the adductor longus and femoral artery were 41 mm and 28 mm, respectively. Conclusion : The obturator nerve exits the foramen 17 mm and 27 mm on the horizontal and sagittal planes, respectively, from the pubic tubercle below the pectineus muscle. The shallowest area is approximately one-fifth medially from the inguinal ligament. This study will help improve the accuracy of obturator nerve surgeries to better establish therapeutic plans and decrease complications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.273-285
• /
• 2007

Most stereo matching methods use intensity values in small image patches to measure the correspondence between two points. If the noisy pixels are used in computing the corresponding point, the matching performance becomes low. For this reason, the noise plays a critical role in determining the matching performance. In this paper, we propose a method for combining intensity and edge filters robust to the noise in order to improve the performance of stereo matching using high resolution satellite imagery. We used intensity filters such as Mean, Median, Midpoint and Gaussian filter and edge filters such as Gradient, Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel and Laplacian filter. To evaluate the performance of intensity and edge filters, experiments were carried out on both synthetic images and satellite images with uniform or gaussian noise. Then each filter was ranked based on its performance. Among the intensity and edge filters, Median and Sobel filter showed best performance while Midpoint and Laplacian filter showed worst result. We used Ikonos satellite stereo imagery in the experiments and the matching method using Median and Sobel filter showed better matching results than other filter combinations.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This study was carried to identify the component of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in human. Methods : The regional muscle group was divided into outer, middle, and inner layer. The inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and to expose the inner structure of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in the order of layers. Results We obtained the results as follows; He Perfcardium Meridian Muscle composed of the muscles, nerves and blood vessels. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between terms (that is, nerves or blood vessels which control the muscle of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by the Pericardium Meridian Muscle). The inner composition of the Pericardium Meridian Muscle in human is as follows ; 1) Muscle P-1 : pectoralis major and minor muscles, intercostalis muscle(m.) P-2 : space between biceps brachialis m. heads. P-3 : tendon of biceps brachialis and brachialis m. P-4 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. and palmaris longus m. tendon(tend.), flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. P-5 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. tend. and palmaris longus m. tend., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. tend. P-6 : space between flexor carpi radialis m. tend. and palmaris longus m. tend., flexor digitorum profundus m. tend., pronator quadratus m. H-7 : palmar carpal ligament, flexor retinaculum, radiad of flexor digitorum superficialis m. tend., ulnad of flexor pollicis longus tend. radiad of flexor digitorum profundus m. tend. H-8 : palmar carpal ligament, space between flexor digitorum superficialis m. tends., adductor follicis n., palmar interosseous m. H-9 : radiad of extensor tend. insertion. 2) Blood vessel P-1 : lateral cutaneous branch of 4th. intercostal artery, pectoral br. of Ihoracoacrornial art., 4th. intercostal artery(art) P-3 : intermediate basilic vein(v.), brachial art. P4 : intermediate antebrachial v., anterior interosseous art. P-5 : intermediate antebrarhial v., anterior interosseous art. P-6 : intermediate antebrachial v., anterior interosseous art. P-7 : intermediate antebrachial v., palmar carpal br. of radial art., anterior interosseous art. P-8 : superficial palmar arterial arch, palmar metacarpal art. P-9 : dorsal br. of palmar digital art. 3) Nerve P-1 : lateral cutaneous branch of 4th. intercostal nerve, medial pectoral nerve, 4th. intercostal nerve(n.) P-2 : lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. P-3 : medial antebrachial cutaneous n., median n. musrulocutaneous n. P-4 : medial antebrachial cutaneous n., anterior interosseous n. median n. P-5 : median n., anterior interosseous n. P-6 : median n., anterior interosseous n. P-7 : palmar br. of median n., median n., anterior interosseous n. P-8 : palmar br. of median n., palmar digital br. of median n., br. of median n., deep br. of ulnar n. P-9 : dorsal br. of palmar digital branch of median n. Conclusions : This study shows some differences from already established study on meridian Muscle.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2006

[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: To determine the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: From January 2001 to December 2002, 30 patients with cervical cancer were treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-FU) and definitive radiation therapy. The median age was 58 (range $34{\sim}74$) year old. The pathology of the biopsy sections was squamous cell carcinoma in 29 patients and one was adenocarcinoma. The distribution to FIGO staging system was as follows: stage IB, 7 (23%); IIA, 3 (10%); IIB, 12 (40%); IIIA, 3 (10%); IIIB, 5 (17%). All patients received pelvic external beam irradiation (EBRT) to a total dose of $45{\sim}50.4\;Gy$ (median: 50.4 Gy) over $5{\sim}5.5$ weeks. Ir-192 HDR intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) was given after a total dose of 41.4 Gy. HDR-ICBT was performed twice a week, with a fraction point A dose of 4 Gy and median dose to point A was 28 Gy (range: $16{\sim}32\;Gy$) in 7 fractions. The median cumulative biologic effective dose (BED) at point A (EBRT+ICBT) was $88\;Gy_{10}$ (range: $77{\sim}94\;Gy_{10}$). The median cumulative BED at ICRU 38 reference point (EBRT+ICBT) was $131\;Gy_3$ (range: $122{\sim}140\;Gy_3$) at point A, $109\;Gy_3$ (range: $88{\sim}125\;Gy_3$) at the rectum and $111\;Gy_3$ (range: $91{\sim}123\;Gy_3$) at the urinary bladder. Cisplatin ($60\;mg/m^2$) and 5-FU ($1,000\;mg/m^2$) was administered intravenously at 3 weeks interval from the first day of radiation for median 5 (range: $2{\sim}6$) cycles. The assessment was performed at 1 month after completion of radiation therapy by clinical examination and CT scan. The median follow-up time was 36 months (range: $8{\sim}50$ months). $\underline{: The complete response rate after concurrent chemoradiation therapy was 93.3%. The 3-yr actuarial pelvic control rate was 87% and 3-yr actuarial overall survival and disease-free survival rate was 93% and 87%, respectively. The local failure rate was 13% and distant metastatic rate was 3.3%. The crude rate of minor hematologic complications (RTOG grade 1-2) occurred in 3 patients (10%) and one patient had suffered from severe leukopenia (RTOG grade 4) during concurrent treatment. Acute minor enterocolitis (RTOG grade 1-2) occurred in 11 patients (37%) and one patient (3%) was suffered from colon perforation during radiation therapy. Late colitis of RTOG grade 1 occurred in 5 patients (15%). Acute cystitis of RTOG grade 1 occurred in 12 patients (40%) and late cystitis of RTOG grade 2 occurred in one patient (3%). No treatment related death was seen. $\underline{Conclusion}$: The results of this study suggest that the concurrent chemoradiation therapy with HDR brachytherapy could be accepted as an effective and safe treatment for cervical cancer.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.57-74
• /
• 2016

This study examines the level of work-life balance for Nonprofit organization(NPO) workers and their turnover intentions, to identify how work-life balance affects workers' turnover intention. From October 10 to November 10, 2013, a survey was conducted among workers at NPOs located in Busan, South Korea, through interviews, emails, and mail, and 286 responses were used for this analysis. The results showed that the NPO workers' level of work-life balance was 3.12 for work-family life, 3.07 for work-leisure life, and 3.02 for work-personal life on a five-point scale; the median value was 3.0. Turnover intention was 2.71, which was slightly lower than the median value of 3.0, again on a five-point scale, but it was relatively higher for younger workers, single workers, workers who indicated a lower level of work-personal life balance, and workers whose education included two-years or less of college. These findings suggest that it is important to determine factors that lower turnover intention among these workers and develop programs and support that enhances work-life balance, particularly work-personal life balance.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2023

Meta-learning is metacognition that instantly distinguishes between knowing and unknown. It is a learning method that adapts and solves new problems by self-learning with a small amount of data.A few-shot learning method is a type of meta-learning method that accurately predicts query data even with a very small support set. In this study, we propose a method to solve the limitations of the prototype created with the mean-point vector of each class. For this purpose, we use the few-shot learning method that created the prototype used in the few-shot learning method as the median prototype. For quantitative evaluation, a handwriting recognition dataset and mini-Imagenet dataset were used and compared with the existing method. Through the experimental results, it was confirmed that the performance was improved compared to the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.66-78
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The specificity of acupuncture point has been a highly controversial subject. Existing researches said that ion-distribution differences are observed on the acupuncture point. This study was conducted under the assumption that multiple ionic changes induced by muscle fatigue would be different between the acupuncture point with non-acupuncture point. Methods : To induce the identical fatigue, twenty subjects performed the knee extension/flexion exercise using the Biodex System 3. ST32 and ST33 as well as adjacent non-acupuncture points were selected. We measured blood lactate and analyzed the median frequency(MF) and peak torque. To obtain the information on the extracellular fluid(ECW), intracellular fluid(ICW) and cell membrane indirectly, we used the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis(MF-BIA) method. Results : MF, peak torque and blood lactate level of all measurement sites were gradually returned to normal. Re resistance of ST32 had a stronger response, but a non-acupuncture point adjacent to ST33 had a larger response up to 20 minutes post exercise. Ri resistances were similar for both acupoints and non-acupoints. The $C_m$ capacitance of ST32 had a stronger response after inducing fatigue, but ST33 had a smaller response than a non-acupuncture point adjacent to it. Conclusions : In comparison with before and after inducing fatigue, the specificity of acupuncture points was not clearly observed. Hence, we concluded that the body composition factors extraction method had the limitation as a method of finding the specificity of acupuncture points by inducing fatigue.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.871-881
• /
• 2011

In this paper we propose a logistic regression method to estimate the survival function and the median survival time in interval-censored data. The proposed method is motivated by the data augmentation technique with no sacrifice in augmenting data. In addition, we develop a cross validation criterion to determine the size of data augmentation. We compare the proposed estimator with other existing methods such as the parametric method, the single point imputation method, and the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator through extensive numerical studies to show that the proposed estimator performs better than others in the sense of the mean squared error. An illustrative example based on a real data set is given.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
• /
• v.36T no.4
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 1999

In this paper, a simple contour-preserving filtering algorithm is proposed. The goal of the contour-preserving filtering method is to remove noise ad granularity as the preprocessing for the image segmentation procedure. Our method finds edge map and separates the image into the edge region and the non-edge region using this edge map. For the non-edge region, typical smoothing filters could be used to remove the noise and the small areas during the segmentation procedure. The result of simulation shows that our method is slightly better than the typical methods such as the median filtering and gradient inverse weighted filtering in the point of view of analysis of variance (ANOVA).