• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical which plays important roles in animal physiology. To investigate involvement of NO in acrosome reaction (AR), effects of drugs which modulate the intracellular NO level were examined in mouse spermatozoa. N (G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis, decreased AR in a reversible manner, On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO generating agent, increased spontaneous AR. Preincubation of sperm in the presence of L-NA potentiated AR after sperm transfer into plain- or SNP-media. Methylene blue, a NO scavenging agent, decreased spontaneous AR. Taken together, it is concluded that NO positively controls AR.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.942-955
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• 2015

Hashtag has emerged and become one of cultural trend. Given that more and more firms in the fashion industry are using hashtag on images based on SNS to provide information of their products and to communicate with their customers. Especially, hashtags through voluntary participation of users provides the perspective of how customers consume their products. Therefore, this study focused on the using motives of hashtag in image based SNS with customer social participation as mediator towards brand equity. The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate the usage motivation of hashtag of image contents based SNS, (2) to expose how each usage motive affects customer social participation and (3) to find out how customer social participation has an effect on brand equity. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, first we conducted an in-depth interview on 8 image based SNS heavy users to understand the using motives of hashtags. Furthermore, we conducted online surveys amongst people aged between 20s and 30s of image contents based SNS users. As a result of this study, followings were figured out. First, four of usage motivation of hashtag were examined through in-depth interview and previous studies; interest sharing, social interaction, ease of use and enjoyment. Second, usage motivation of hashtag has a significant effect on customer social participation. Third, customer-media participation and customer-customer participation impact positively on brand equity. Lastly, level of customer social participation has the moderating effect on the relationship between motivation of hashtag and customer social participation.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study is aimed to discover the deciding factors in senior employment programs for improving the quality of life for the elderly. The dependent variable used in this study was the quality of elderly persons. Personal and familial characteristics, and the community involvement of the elderly were used as independent variables in a Multiple Regression analysis. First, the most influential factor encouraging the elderly to participate in a senior employment promotion program was previous experience of senior employment programs. Second, health condition, residence in city areas, experience of volunteer work, and knowledge of senior employment programs had positive effects on the continuous participation of the elderly men and women. However, living arrangements had an effect solely on elderly men, and home ownership and participation in economic activities had effects solely on elderly women. Third, the life quality of the elderly was affected differently by sex. Health condition had the greatest effect on male elderly persons, whereas, the effective variable, the composition of the family had the most effect on female elderly persons. Thus, active campaigns through various mass media and information sessions are needed to promote participation in senior employment programs, according to the above mentioned deciding factors. In particular infrastructure providing the elderly with more volunteer work opportunity needs to be built for baby boomers to improve their quality of life. In addition, diversified senior employment programs are needed. Because the elderly living in city areas are more willing to participate in senior employment programs, specialized programs suitable for the elderly in city areas are needed. The government should also prepare programs that help the elderly stay healthy while they are working.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.461-480
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• 2009

In proposing the concept of flow which focuses on experiencing the sites visited by Korean wave tourists as induced by drama or movies, this paper investigated role of involvement variables for Korean wave tourists in influencing flow construct of film sites. The involvement of Korean wave was found to operate as a mechanism by which challenge, skills, focused attention on site might be more organized or more actively experienced. This recognizes that there is clearly a need for making the FIT sites exposed much by any mix of various media. This study showed that challenges and skills influence enjoyment as output factor of flow film site visitors are assumed to participate the roles of film characters, experiencing the places and atmosphere. The degree of visitors' reflections in the film optimizes awareness of flow experiences on the site. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more detailed experiential program on the film sites with the wide variety of flow-related contents in the film.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

This study identifies influential factors in regards to the purchase of celebrity fashion hot items and compares these factors in the age groups of teens and twenties. This study surveyed male and female consumers aged 10-20 years old for empirical analysis in July 2018. The study surveyed 322 consumers selected through online convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 19.0, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, ${\chi}^2$ analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and t-test. The results were as follows. First, 87.6% of consumer have purchased celebrity fashion hot items more than once. In particular, female consumers in their 20s with a high fashion product expenditure tend to purchase more celebrity fashion hot items. Clothes and shoes were purchased more by 10-year-old males, shoes for males in their 20s, accessories for 10-year-old females female, and bags and accessories for female in their 20s. Second, there were no significant differences for those aged 10-20 years old in purchase satisfaction for celebrity fashion hot items according to age, gender, income, and fashion product expenditure. Consumers' awareness on corporate marketing intention to celebrity fashion hot items was higher among women in their 20s than men in their teens and twenties; in addition, the expenditure on fashion products also increased. Third, factors affecting the purchase of celebrity fashion hot items among teens and twenties were different according to age and gender. A higher need for identification for teenage male resulted in: lower media dependency, higher product involvement, fashion conformity, fashion innovativeness for 20s males, higher product involvement for 10s and 20s females, increased intention to purchase tended. This study provides consumer information and fashion item information that can be utilized in advertisement and promotion strategies for fashion companies that seek to perform celebrity marketing strategies that target consumers aged 10-20 years old.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.461-478
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• 2019

As the concept of "marriage age" gradually disappears, the consumption class of the wedding market includes not only X and Y generations but also Z generations, and each generation has its own characteristics as it is already known, and there are differences in the consumption. So this research analyzed age-related behavior differences in both awareness of and preparation for marriage. Three hundred sixteen unmarried Korean males and females comprised the study population and data was collected from March 5, 2019, to April 3, 2019. The SPSS Statistics 23.0 Package was used for analysis, specifically the functions of frequency, cross tabulation, factor analysis, chi-squared test, Cronbach's alpha, Duncans's new multiple range test (MRT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Marriage motivation was analyzed by three factors, and there were significant differences in two types. Marital involvement was analyzed by two factors, and both factors showed significant age-related differences. Concerns relating to marriage preparation were analyzed by four factors, and two varied according to respondent age. Regarding marriage preparation behaviors, the analysis revealed that the marriage preparation method appreciably differed between age groups. Our analysis also found significant age-related differences in "the main media usually used to acquire information" and "the paths preferred for acquiring information in preparing for marriage". We expect that study results will be useful for identifying new research directions, understanding the dimensions of the wedding industry, and developing related marketing strategies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2024

With the growing preference among Chinese consumers for purchasing beauty products through social media networks (SNS), influencer marketing has recently emerged as a crucial strategy for maximizing word-of-mouth effects. This study aims to ascertain the impact of SNS beauty influencers' characteristics on trustworthiness and consumers' intentions to engage in word-of-mouth promotion. Furthermore, the study seeks to explore the moderating role of consumer involvement in the relationship between SNS beauty influencer characteristics and the trust consumers place in them. As part of an empirical analysis, an online survey was administered to 259 Chinese female consumers who had previously purchased beauty products through influencers on SNS. The data gathered were scrutinized by conducting multiple and hierarchical regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that the attributes of "expertise,"' "intimacy," and "homogeneity" in SNS beauty influencers significantly affect influencer trust, whereas "charm" does not have a significant impact. Moreover, consumer involvement was found to moderate the relationship between SNS beauty influencer characteristics (expertise, intimacy, charm, and homogeneity) and influencer trust. Additionally, influencer trust positively influenced the intention to engage in word-of-mouth activities. These findings signify that leveraging influencers possessing qualities such as expertise, intimacy, and homogeneity can help enhance product exposure, popularity, and sales of the beauty industry. This study contributes valuable insights into the strategic utilization of influencer characteristics in the beauty industry and digital marketing, highlighting their pivotalrole in consumer engagement and the success of marketing strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to build a systematic frame for effective marketing performances by prioritizing product type and pertinent channel that are appropriate for digital channel characteristics. FCB grid model was used to define a product type, and Internet communication satisfaction index was considered as a marketing performance measuring tool for digital channel. Research design, data, and methodology - As systematic understanding for Digital marketing is still unfamiliar to even professional marketer, the hypothesis was established based on preliminary research by conducting a qualitative survey of marketing experts who already experienced digital marketing in the fields as well as existing related study literature. Through a preliminary research, the degree for understanding for digital marketing, current digital marketing (including product/channel mix) execution status, and difficulties for marketers who had experienced digital marketing were figured out. Based on preliminary research, the main part of survey was designed to examine which type of product would be effective for digital marketing and which digital channel would be effective to achieve marketing performance in line with marketing objectives. To collect data, the questionnaire survey was conducted for professional marketers who had experienced digital marketing in 10 different fields including FMCG, cosmetics, distribution industry for one month (July, 10, 2014~Aug, 10, 2014). A total of 90 questionnaire were distributed and 66 questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analysed using SPSS ver.18.0. Results - The analysis for product type which is pertinent to digital marketing and prioritization for digital channel per digital marketing performance type could be summarized as followings. First, high involvement buying decision type of product and rational purchasing decision type of product in FCB grid are more effective for digital marketing in terms of marketing performance. Therefore, marketers in field would prioritize considering product type before executing digital marketing. Second, factor for sales increase, potential consumer creation and brand awareness was represented respectively 31.25%, 21.9%, and 20.8% as a result of factor analysis in terms of digital marketing channel performance. Third, effective major digital channel per digital marketing performance factor was differently identified as each digital channel has its own peculiarity. For instance, search engine is more effective for increasing sales while social media such as facebook and Kakaotalk is more effective for encouraging consumer participation. Conclusions - As a result of this study, product type and peculiarity which were pertinently fit to digital marketing were identified by using FCB grid model, and also suggested framework for decision making of digital channel selection in line with marketing objectives for effective marketing performance. It also provided insight to professional marketer which type of product could be effective for digital marketing execution as well as which factors should be measured for digital marketing performance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.411-416
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• 2020

This study is an empirical study to see if the existing media effects have an effect on the perception of the audience in the media such as newspapers, TV, movies, etc., and whether the viewing of YouTube, an internet-based new media without gatekeeper, can affect the perception of the audience. For this study, 76 university students were divided into two groups, one group was asked to watch YouTube videos about no-buy campaign of Japanese products, and the other group was asked to watch short films for four weeks each, and then the perception and attitude of the issue were measured and analyzed through a survey. The results of the analysis showed that the audience who watched YouTube videos thought that no-buy campaign was more important than the audience who did not watch YouTube videos, and that they would participate more actively in no-buy campaign. The results of this study can be meaningful in that it confirmed the effects of the agenda setting effect and the priming effect of YouTube. It is expected that the theory of the media effect of YouTube will be established as the study on the audience effect in various fields such as politics, economy, society, culture of YouTube continues.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.125-153
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• 2012

This study is regarding what motion modality has influences on aspects of genre and media. Nowadays, motion modality becomes an element which is actively manipulated in live actions as well as animations. And, it has been generally accepted that a strategy on manipulation of motion depends on matters of genre or medium. As respected, can we say the premise is correct? if it is, can we refine the premise more theoretically, without using the words, 'genre' or 'media' which have not been are not been defined on an academic aspect. I intend to discuss on this issue. I will speculate the issue of manipulation of motion modality on theoretical bases. According to McLuhan's hot/cool media theory and Bolter's oscillation theory, the effect of it turns out to be same as manipulation of sentience ratio of media readers, and the ideal result will be examined by an example analysis. In the analysis, I will explore what effects manipulation of motion has on several examples. Then, by examining what kind of correlation these effects has with media/genre positioning, I ultimately will evaluate the genre/medium-based determinism of motion modality, which is represented by a typical premise like "Animation is most realistic when it has the most animation-like movement." Conclusively I suggest a refined premise like the following. Modality of motion is a strategy depending on issues of genre, with no regard to issues of medium, and the issue of genre is a category which is positioned considering mixture ratio of sentience. With this reason, A strategy of modality of motion depends to sentience a certain sequence needs. So, motion modality becomes a strategy which has to be approached in functionality of genre rather than economic values which spring from technical devices like a motion capture.