• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

This study investigates the effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the damping capacity of the Fe-20Mn-12Cr-3Ni-3Si alloy with deformation induced martensite transformation. Dislocation, ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ and ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ are formed, and the grain size is refined by deformation and thermo-mechanical treatment. With an increasing number cycles in the thermo-mechanical treatment, the volume fraction of ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ increases and then decreases, whereas dislocation and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-martensite$ increases, and the grain size is refined. In thermo-mechanical treated specimens with five cycles, more than 10 % of the volume fraction of ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ and less than 3 % of the volume fraction of ${\alpha}^{\prime}-martensite$ are attained. Damping capacity decreases by thermo-mechanical treatment and with an increasing number of cycles of thermo-mechanical treatment, and this result shows an opposite tendency for general metal with deformation induced martensite transformation. The damping capacity of the thermo-mechanical treated damping alloy with deformation induced martensite transformation greatly affect the formation of dislocation, grain refining and ${\alpha}^{\prime}-martensite$ and then ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ formation by thermo-mechanical treatment.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

The thermal deformation volume of motorcycle break disk was studied using a disk-on-pad type friction tester. Thermal deformation volume of motorcycle break disk have an effect on the frictional factor such as applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance and number of ventilated disk hole. However, it is difficult to know the mutual relation of these factors on thermal deformation volume. In this study, the thermal deformation volume with ANSYS workbench are obtained by application of temperature from mechanical test. From this study, the result was shown that the motorcycle break disk with ventilated hole 3 have the most excellent thermal deformation characteristics. The regression equation with frictional factors which have a trust rate of 95% for prediction of thermal deformation volume of motorcycle break disk was composed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.2064-2071
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• 2020

For proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology, the accuracy of the dose distribution in a patient is sensitive to the properties of the incident beam. However, mechanical deformation of the proton therapy facility may occur, and this could be an important factor affecting the proton dose distribution in patients. In this paper, we investigated the effect of deformation on an SC200 proton facility's beam isocenter properties. First, mechanical deformation of the PBS nozzle, L-shape plate, and gantry were simulated using a Finite Element code, ANSYS. Then, the impact of the mechanical deformation on the beam's isocenter properties was evaluated using empirical formulas. In addition, we considered the simplest case that could affect the properties of the incident beam (i.e. if only the bending magnet (BG3) has an error in its mounting alignment), and the effect of the beam optics offset on the isocenter characteristics was evaluated. The results showed that the deformation of the beam position in the X and Y direction was less than 0.27 mm, which meets the structural design requirements. Compared to the mechanical deformation of the L-shape plate, the deformation of the gantry had more influence on the beam's isocenter properties. When the error in the mounting alignment of the BG3 is equal to or more than 0.3 mm, the beam deformation at the isocenter exceeds the maximum accepted deformation limits. Generally speaking, for the current design of the SC200 scanning beam delivery system, the effects of mechanical deformation meet the maximum accepted beam deformation limits. In order to further study the effect of the incident beam optics on the isocenter properties, a fine-scale Monte Carlo model including factors relating to the PBS nozzle and the BG3 should be developed in future research.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.761-775
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• 2018

In the present work, the recently developed non-polynomial shear deformation theories are assessed for thermo-mechanical response characteristics of laminated composite plates. The applicability and accuracy of these theories for static, buckling and free vibration responses were ascertained in the recent past by several authors. However, the assessment of these theories for thermo-mechanical analysis of the laminated composite structures is still to be ascertained. The response characteristics are investigated in linear and non-linear thermal gradient and also in the presence and absence of mechanical transverse loads. The laminated composite plates are modelled using recently developed six shear deformation theories involving different shear strain functions. The principle of virtual work is used to develop the governing system of equations. The Navier type closed form solution is adopted to yield the exact solution of the developed equation for simply supported cross ply laminated plates. The thermo-mechanical response characteristics due to these six different theories are obtained and compared with the existing results.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2003

For construction of steel structures, thin steel plates have been often used and welding is the main manufacturing process. However, welding processes cause some problems(welding residual stresses, welding deformations, etc.). In these problems, welding deformation is extremely harmful to the safety of structures especially. Therefore, in this study, a numerical analysis program based on large deformation plate theory has been developed to analyze and predict the welding deformation in thin plates. From the result of numerical analyse, we can find two parameters, thermal cycles and mechanical restraints affecting the welding deformation of structures. It is considered that large difference of thermal cycles and mechanical restraints in the width direction bring about welding deformation. Results of simulation have the same tendency of deformation distribution in width direction as experimental formulas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1751-1758
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• 2001

Among severe plastic deformation processes, ECAP has drawn much attention due to its advantages including ultra-fine grain size material production. In this paper, ECAP process with pure -Zirconium is investigated due to its applicability to nuclear reactors. The finite element method is employed to investigate the deformation behavior of materials during ECAP process. In particular, effects of process parameters such as die deformation and channel angles on the material behaviors have been investigated. Experimental studies have also been performed to verify the numerical results.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2000

Thermal deformation in an electronic package due to thermal strain mismatch is investigated. The warpage and the in-plane deformation of the package after encapsulation is analyzed using the laminated plate theory. An exact solution for the thermal deformation of an electronic package with circular shape is derived. Theoretical results are presented on the effects of the layer geometries and material properties on the thermal deformation. Several applications of the exact solution to electronic packaging product development are illustrated. The applications include lead on chip package, encapsulated chip on board and chip on substrate.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 1993

During all mechanical processes rice plants are subjected to verious forces such as natural load of wind and mechanical load of agricultural machines. A force is always accompanied by deformation, which must be either sufficiently great for pressing or sufficiently slight in order to avoid damage. The mechanical behavior of the rice plants is determined by three variables : force, deformation and time. And they must be studied using rheological methods to determine their viscoelastic properties. This study is conducted to experimentally determine the mechanical and rheological properties of the rice stalks subjected to radial load. The force relaxation tests are performed under constant deformation, during which the reduction of forces over time is measured. The mechanical models were developed from the abtained data. The results were as follows : 1. The relaxation behavior of a rice stalk in radial compession may be described by a generalized Maxwell model consisting of 3 Maxwell elements in parallel. 2. Relaxatiom intensity always decreased with increased time of relaxation. 3. The rate of deformation has a significant effect on the relaxation behavior. having increasing pattern with an increase in rate of deformation. 4. The relaxation intensity and residual deformation increased with increased initial load. 5. The relaxtion of the intermediate portion of stalk was bigger tham that of the upper and lower portions.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2078-2086
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• 2003

As technology advances with development of new materials, it is important to measure the thermal diffusivity of material and to predict the heat transfer in the solid subject to thermal processes. The measurement of thermal properties can be done in a non-contact way using photothermal displacement spectroscopy. In this work, the thermal diffusivity was measured by analyzing the magnitude and phase of deformation gradient. We proposed a new data analysis method based on the real part of deformation gradient as the pump-probe offset value. As the result, compared with the literature value, the measured thermal diffusivities of materials showed about 3 % error.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.647-654
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• 2002

This study deals with the characteristic of quenching refrigerant for heat treatment deformation control of SM45C steel. Heat-treatment deformation must be controlled for the progress of production parts for landing gear. Most of deformation is occurred on inconsistent cooling. The inconsistent cooling is caused by a property of quenching refrigerant. When a heated metal is deposited in the quenching refrigerant, the cooling speed is so slow in early period of cooling because of a steam-curtain. After additional cooling, the steam-curtain is destroyed. In this progress, the cooling speed is very fast. The object of this study is to control the deformation of heat-treatment for landing gear by improving the conditions of quenching. The cooling curves and cooling rates of water, oil and polymer solution are obtained and illustrated. From the characteristics of the quenching refrigerant, the effects of heat-treatments on thermal deformation and fatigue strength are also investigated.