• Title/Summary/Keyword: Measurement path

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Preliminary Study for Imaging of Therapy Region from Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (붕소 중성자 포획 치료에서 치료 영역 영상화를 위한 예비 연구)

  • Jung, Joo-Young;Yoon, Do-Kun;Han, Seong-Min;Jang, HongSeok;Suh, Tae Suk
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to confirm the feasibility of imaging of therapy region from the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using the measurement of the prompt gamma ray depending on the neutron flux. Through the Monte Carlo simulation, we performed the verification of physical phenomena from the BNCT; (1) the effects of neutron according to the existence of boron uptake region (BUR), (2) the internal and external measurement of prompt gamma ray dose, (3) the energy spectrum by the prompt gamma ray. All simulation results were deducted using the Monte Carlo n-particle extended (MCNPX, Ver.2.6.0, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA) simulation tool. The virtual water phantom, thermal neutron source, and BURs were simulated using the MCNPX. The energy of the thermal neutron source was defined as below 1 eV with 2,000,000 n/sec flux. The prompt gamma ray was measured with the direction of beam path in the water phantom. The detector material was defined as the lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (Lu0,6Y1,4Si0,5:Ce; LYSO) scintillator with lead shielding for the collimation. The BUR's height was 5 cm with the 28 frames (bin: 0.18 cm) for the dose calculation. The neutron flux was decreased dramatically at the shallow region of BUR. In addition, the dose of prompt gamma ray was confirmed at the 9 cm depth from water surface, which is the start point of the BUR. In the energy spectrum, the prompt gamma ray peak of the 478 keV was appeared clearly with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 41 keV (energy resolution: 8.5%). In conclusion, the therapy region can be monitored by the gamma camera and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using the measurement of the prompt gamma ray during the BNCT.

A Study on the Effects of Positive Psychological Capital and Social Support on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention: Comparative Analysis of North Korean Refugee Workers and South Korean Workers (긍정심리자본과 사회적 지지가 조직몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 북한이탈주민 근로자와 남한 근로자의 비교분석을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Myung-chul;Dong, Hak Lim
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.191-206
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    • 2020
  • Although several studies have been conducted on unification and the life of North Korean refugees, there have been few studies comparing the characteristics of North Korean refugees with South Korean workers, in terms of human resources in business administration. By considering the limitations of these prior studies, this study analyzed whether there are differences in factors affecting organizational commitment and turnover intention through a group comparative analysis between North Korean refugees and South Korean workers. For a comparative analysis between the two groups, we recruited 145 workers from North Korea and 213 South Korea-born workers. We found the following results with a multi-group structural equation model. We confirmed the measurement homogeneity by ensuring that both groups were equally aware of the measurement tools affecting organizational commitment and turnover intentions. As a result of testing the homogeneity of measurement, we also confirmed that there was a significant difference in optimism between the two groups; optimism affects organizational commitment and among social supports, affectionate support and interaction support affect organizational commitment. Analyzing the path between the two groups, we first were able to find that optimism influenced organizational commitment for both groups, in relation to positive psychological capital. However, in terms of degree, South Korean workers were found to be strongly affected. Second, with regard to social support, we were not able to find that affectionate support and interaction support have a significant impact on organizational commitment for South Korean workers, while for North Korean refugees, we confirmed that both supports have a significant impact. Third, we were unable to find any differences between the two group, in terms of other sub-components of positive psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, and resiliency) or the sub-components of social support (informational support, tangible support). These results suggest that companies or managers employing North Korean refugee workers need to create an organizational environment that allows them to perceive social support, especially affectionate support and interaction support.

GMI Microwave Sea Surface Temperature Validation and Environmental Factors in the Seas around Korean Peninsula (한반도 주변해 GMI 마이크로파 해수면온도 검증과 환경적 요인)

  • Kim, Hee-Young;Park, Kyung-Ae;Kwak, Byeong-Dae;Joo, Hui-Tae;Lee, Joon-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.604-617
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    • 2022
  • Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key variable that can be used to understand ocean-atmosphere phenomena and predict climate change. Satellite microwave remote sensing enables the measurement of SST despite the presence of clouds and precipitation in the sensor path. Therefore, considering the high utilization of microwave SST, it is necessary to continuously verify its accuracy and analyze its error characteristics. In this study, the validation of the microwave global precision measurement (GPM)/GPM microwave imager (GMI) SST around the Northwest Pacific and Korean Peninsula was conducted using surface drifter temperature data for approximately eight years from March 2014 to December 2021. The GMI SST showed a bias of 0.09K and an average root mean square error of 0.97K compared to the actual SST, which was slightly higher than that observed in previous studies. In addition, the error characteristics of the GMI SST were related to environmental factors, such as latitude, distance from the coast, sea wind, and water vapor volume. Errors tended to increase in areas close to coastal areas within 300 km of land and in high-latitude areas. In addition, relatively high errors were found in the range of weak wind speeds (<6 m s-1) during the day and strong wind speeds (>10 m s-1) at night. Atmospheric water vapor contributed to high SST differences in very low ranges of <30 mm and in very high ranges of >60 mm. These errors are consistent with those observed in previous studies, in which GMI data were less accurate at low SST and were estimated to be due to differences in land and ocean radiation, wind-induced changes in sea surface roughness, and absorption of water vapor into the microwave atmosphere. These results suggest that the characteristics of the GMI SST differences should be clarified for more extensive use of microwave satellite SST calculations in the seas around the Korean Peninsula, including a part of the Northwest Pacific.

Effect of Oral Health Education Practice and Self-efficacy of Teacher on Oral Health Attitude (교사의 구강보건교육 실천과 자기효능감이 구강보건교육 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Young-Sik;Hwang, Yoo-Jin;Bae, Hyun-Sook;Kim, Seo yune
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral health education practice and schoolteacher's self-efficacy on oral health attitude. The data of 217 dental hygienists was subjected to path analysis using AMOS 16.0. Oral health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and oral health education practice of schoolteacher were measurement variables of three path models. The goodness of fitness of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model and Knowledge-Attitude-Self efficacy -Practice model were acceptable. The regression weights of two models were statistically significant. Oral health education practice of schoolteacher gave impact on oral health attitude by mediation of self-efficacy of schoolteacher. Self-efficacy of schoolteacher was a important determinant of oral health education practice. Oral health attitude and practice were supposed to be mutual determinants of health behavior models.

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The Impact of Perceived Risks Upon Consumer Trust and Purchase Intentions (인지된 위험의 유형이 소비자 신뢰 및 온라인 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Il-Yoo B.;Kim, Woo-Sung;Lim, Byung-Ha
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 2011
  • Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

A study on optical coherence tomography system using optical fiber (광섬유를 이용한 광영상 단층촬영기에 관한연구)

  • 양승국;박양하;장원석;오상기;김현덕;김기문
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we studied the OCT(Optical Coherence Tomography) system which it has been extensively studied because of having some advantages such as high resolution cross-sectional images, low cost, and small size configuration. A basic principle of OCT system is Michelson interferometer. The characteristics of light source determine the resolution and the transmission depth. As a results, the light source have a commercial SLD with a central wavelength of 1,285 nm and FWHM(Full Width at Half Maximum) of 35.3 nm. The optical delay line part is necessary to equal of the optical path length with scattered light or reflected light from sample. In order to equal the optical path length, the stage which is attached to reference mirror is moved linearly by step motor And the interferometer is configured with the Michelson interferometer using single mod fiber, the scanner can be focused of the sample by using the reference arm. Also, the 2-dimensional cross-sectional images were measured with scanning the transverse direction of the sample by using step motor. After detecting the internal signal of lateral direction at a paint of sample, scanner is moved to obtain the cross-sectional image of 2-demensional by using step motor. Photodiode has been used which has high detection sensitivity, excellent noise characteristic, and dynamic range from 800 nm to 1,700 nm. It is detected mixed small signal between noise and interference signal with high frequency After filtering and amplifying this signal, only envelope curve of interference signal is detected. And then, cross-sectional image is shown through converting this signal into digitalized signal using A/D converter. The resolution of the OCT system is about 30$\mu\textrm{m}$ which corresponds to the theoretical resolution. Also, the cross-sectional image of ping-pong ball is measured. The OCT system is configured with Michelson interferometer which has a low contrast because of reducing the power of feedback interference light. Such a problem is overcomed by using the improved inteferometer. Also, in order to obtain the cross-sectional image within a short time, it is necessary to reduce the measurement time for improving the optical delay line.

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Ecophysiological Interpretations on the Water Relations Parameters of Trees(IX) - Measurement of the Transpiration Rate by the Heat Pulse Method in a Quercus mongolica Stand - (수목(樹木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관(關)한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態學的) 해석(解析)(IX) - Heat pulse법(法)을 이용(利用)한 신갈나무임분(林分)의 증산속도(蒸散速度) 측정(測定) -)

  • Han, Sang Sup;Kim, Sun Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.85 no.2
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    • pp.288-299
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    • 1996
  • This is the basic study to investigate the amount of transpirational water loss in thrifty mature Quercus mongolica stand by the heat pulse method. The differences of heat pulse velocity by direction and depth, differences of heat pulse velocity by dominant, codominant and suppressed trees, diurnal changes of heat pulse velocity due to the change of leaf water potential, vapor pressure deficit and radiation, and sap flow path way in sapwood by dye penetration were measured in stems. Finally the amounts of daily and annual transpiration in stand were calculated by the heat pulse velocity. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. Relationship between heat pulse velocity(V) and sap flow rate(SFR) was obtained as a equation of SFR=1.37V. 2. The sap flow rate was high in the order of dominant, codominant, and suppressed trees. The daily heat pulse velocity changed with radiation, temperature and vapor pressure deficit. 3. The heat pulse velocity showed the similar diurnal variation as the leaf water potential change. 4. The heat pulse velocity showed the highest value in May(4.0cm/hr in average), the lowest one in July(2.9cm/hr in average). 5. The heat pulse velocity in the same stem presented the highest value in the northern direction, medium in western, and the lowest in southern and eastern. 6. The heat pulse velocity in stem was highest in 0.5cm, medium in 1.0cm, and lowest in 1.5cm depth from the surface of stem. 7. The sap flow path way in stem showed sectorial straight ascent pattern in four sample trees. 8. The amount of sap flow(SF) was presented as a equation of $SF=1.37A{\cdot}V$(A: the cross-sectional area of sapwood, V: heat pulse velocity), and especially SF was larger in dominant tree than codominant and suppressed trees. 9. The amount of daily transpiration was 5.6ton/ha/day, and its composition ratio was 72% at day and 28% at night. 10. The amount of stand transpiration per month was largest in May(168ton/ha/month), lowest in July(125ton/ha/month). The amount of stand transpiration per year was 839ton/ha/year.

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Utilizing Visual Information for Non-contact Predicting Method of Friction Coefficient (마찰계수의 비접촉 추정을 위한 영상정보 활용방법)

  • Kim, Doo-Gyu;Kim, Ja-Young;Lee, Ji-Hong;Choi, Dong-Geol;Kweon, In-So
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.28-34
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for utilizing visual information for non-contact predicting method of friction coefficient. Coefficient of friction is very important in driving on road and traversing over obstacle. Our algorithm is based on terrain classification for visual image. The proposed method, non-contacting approach, has advantage over other methods that extract material characteristic of road by sensors contacting road surface. This method is composed of learning group(experiment, grouping material) and predicting friction coefficient group(Bayesian classification prediction function). Every group include previous work of vision. Advantage of our algorithm before entering such terrain can be very useful for avoiding slippery areas. We make experiment on measurement of friction coefficient of terrain. This result is utilized real friction coefficient as prediction method. We show error between real friction coefficient and predicted friction coefficient for performance evaluation of our algorithm.

Motional kinematics of Frozen-thawed Korean native cattle semen use of computer aided semen analysis(CASA) system (컴퓨터 정액자동분석에 의한 동결융해 한우 정액의 운동특성 연구)

  • Lee, Kang-nam;Lee, Byeong-chun;Kim, Jung-tae;Park, Jong-im;Shin, Tae-young;Hwang, Woo-suk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.898-908
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    • 1998
  • The aim of this experiments were to assess the time-interval change of motional characteristics in frozen-thawed semen of Korean native cattle (KNC) by using computer aided semen analysis (CASA) technology. Twenty-six KNC frozen semen straws were obtained from Korean KNC improvement department, livestock improvement main division, national livestock cooperatives federation in Korea. Specimens were allowed to thaw at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec in water bath. Semen analysis was performed on semen image analysis system (SIAS, Medical supply, Korea) adjusted to the gate settings and used the semen droplet ($5{\mu}l$) placed on Makler counting chamber (Sefi medical instrument, Israel) prewarmed at $37^{\circ}C$. The same person used the same micropipette to fill the Makler counting chamber. A total of 150 or more of sperms were analysed in each specimen by a single trained person by scanning at least 5 to 10 fields. The measurement parameters in SIAS were as follows ; frame rate = 30 frames per sec, image capture = 1 sec, minimum motile speed = $10{\mu}m/s$, maximum countable sperm number = 400. Statistical analysis was done by Student t-test with use of the Sigma plot program on a IBM personal computer. The dancemean(DNM) and hyperactivated sperm(HYP) of frozen-thawed KNC semen kinematics were significantly decreased(p < 0.05) after 10 min of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. But, wobble(WOB) of same sample semen was significantly increased(p < 0.05) after 10 min of incubation and significantly decrease(p < 0.05) after 60 min of same incubation. And, after 30 mim of incubation, significantly differences were found most of motion kinematics, motifity(MOT), curvilinear velocity(VCL), straight line velocity(VSL), average path velocity(VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement(ALH), beat cross frequency(BCF), mean angular displacement(MAD), dance(DNC), on same sample semen. The DNM of KNC semen sample was variable kinematics after 30 min of incubation. Also, the linearity(LIN) and straightness(STR) was significantly decreased(p < 0.05) from 60 min of incubation. In conclusion, the AI within 30 min after thawing of frozen semen can be an effective method for obtaining high fertility rate in KNC reproductive program.

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A Study on the Application of Drone Based Aeromagnetic Survey System to Iron Mine Site (드론 기반 항공자력탐사 시스템을 이용한 철광산 탐사 적용성 연구)

  • Min, Dongmin;Oh, Seokhoon
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.251-262
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    • 2017
  • The system of magnetic exploration with a drone flight was constructed and applied to the iron mine site. The magnetic probe system installed on the drone used a sensor as Bartington's fluxgate type magnetometer, Mag639 and the A/D converter to collect magnetic intensity values on the tablet PC. The drone flight control module is a highly expandable Pixhawk with allowing 15 minutes of flight by loading 3kg. Experiments on the magnetic field interference range were performed to remove the erroneous effect from the drone with applying RTK GPS to obtain the magnetic intensity value at the accurate position. The accurate location information enabled to obtain the gradient measurement of magnetic field by measuring twice at different altitudes. Also, by using the terrain information, we could eliminate the terrain effect by setting the flight path to fly along the terrain. These results are in line with the field experiments using the nuclear proton magnetometer G-858 of Geometrics Co., Ltd, which adds to the reliability of the drone based aeromagnetic survey system we constructed.