• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Objectives : Weights and measures (度量衡) in Korean traditional medicine have been changed in many dynasties and countries. Thus, measurements of chon (寸) and cheok (尺) have been considered as symbolical meaning in recent studies on meridians and acupoints. The present study was made to settle up standard measurement by surveying length of each parts of upper limb as follows. Methods : To calculate length of 1 chon (寸), the length of each part was divided into the numbers of chon (寸) as shwon in ${\ll}$Goldo Hwangjenaegyeong-yeongchu (靈樞 骨度篇)${\gg}$; the chon (寸) length in ${\ll}$Goldo Hwangjenaegyeong-yeongchu (靈樞 骨度篇)${\gg}$ was compared with the chon (寸) length which is calculated by dividing human average hight into 75 chon. Results : Increment of length of 1 chon (寸) did not change as increment of height in subjects. Length of 1 chon (寸) in height is representative of length of 1 chon (寸) in each parts of upper limb. Conclusions : We suggest that most suitable length of 1 chon (寸)for the standard measurement of acupoint location is 2.20 ${\pm}$ 0.17 cm based on length of elbow joint to wrist joint.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.148-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze lower body types of women and provide information of body improvement of Korean adult female clothing product to ready-made clothes companies. As for the method of this study, it was conducted to measure the parts of the lower body of adult women at the age from 19 to 24 years, to analyze their characteristics and to categorize body types. For study, it was measured 150 female women in Seoul. Data was analyzed by used SPSS/WIN 19.0 Program. The results of this study are as follows. The means of the subjects in their early 20s are 159.8cm in height, 67.0cm in waist circumference, 91.6cm in hip and 52.0kg in weight. As a result of comparison with the $5^{th}$ Korean's human body size on measurement data, 20 items out of 33 items showed significant difference. Factor analysis was executed for 66 body measure and calculation items to draw the body construction factors of the women's lower body in their early 20s and principal component analysis was performed by orthogonal varimax rotation to clarify the measurement of factors and to derive explanatory factors. As result of Cluster analysis, body types' characteristics divide into 3 types. Type1 has tall and fat body form, type2 has shortest and curvy body form and type3 has average height and the most skinny body form.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 1999

In recent years, the electromagnetic enviroments are varied with the increase of power consumption and the spread of hoosehold electric appliances. Most of the interests to date have concentrated in the area of human health effects associated with exposure to power frequency electric and rmgretic fields, and thus the precise measurement and analysis are required. In this paper, the measurements and analysis of the extremdy low frequency(ElF) electric and magnetic fields produced by actual 22.9[kV] distribution lines were performed. The experiIrents have been carried rot by lateral rrofile, and the thooretical analyses were made by use of FIELDS program fer the sake of comparison with the experimental data. Electric and magnetic field intensity were strong under power distrib.rticn lines, and were inversely proportional to lateral distance. The pufiles of electric and magnetic fields were M and $\bigcap$ shapes, respectively. and the rreasured data were good in agreemnt with the thooretical results. Both the electric and magnetic field intensity were iocreased with increasing the measurement height.height.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.3 s.32
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• pp.427-446
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to understand the major changes of craniofacial dimensions and spatial growth pattern during the late embryonic and fetal period of human fetures. This study was performed with the selective materials of normal fetuses received from the Registry of Congenital Malformation of Seoul National University Hospital. The specimens consisted of nineteen embryos and sixty-six fetuses. The photomicrographs from mid-segittal sections of embryos were used for angular measurement, and the lateral cephalograms taken with soft X-ray were also measured in liners and angular aspects. All of the anatomical landmarks for the tracing of the photomicrographs and cephalograms were referred to the previous reports on literature. The sequential changes of prenatal craniofacial dimensions and agles were analysed statistically and discussed on the focus about the developmental growth directions of human ore-facial structure arised from heterogeneous origins. The results are as follows, 1) Cranial base angle was almost formed at about 6 weeks old embryos with the average angle of $127.4{\pm}6.33^{\circ}$ (n=3) and it was almost constant onwards. 2) The linear increase rates of anterior cranial base length and anterior facial height exceeded those of the posterior cranial base length and posterior facial height, and the maxilla grows more rapidly on the horizontal dimension than the vertical dmension during the fetal period. 3) The angular relationship between the anterior cranial base and palatal plane decreasedslightly during the fetal period, disclosing $11^{\circ}$ at 12th week gestation and $5^{\circ}$ at 41th weeks gestation. 4) Genial angle was maintained almost constantly at about $130^{\circ}$ during the fetal period from 12 weeks to 41 weeks of gestation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the torso shape based on abdominal protrusion caused by changes in the physical characteristics of middle-aged women. This study analyzed 3D shape data of 401 females ranging in age from 40 to 59 years who participated in the 6th Size Korea project. Based on the Size Korea 3D measurement standard, 27 additional items such as height, protrusion, and angle were measured in the 3D scan data. Nine factors were extracted from the analysis of constituent factors of the torso: "vertical size of torso," "flatness and protrusion of abdomen," "torso front extrusion," "upper body height," "bust size and flatness," "size of belly and angle of lower abdomen," "hip length," "hip flatness," and "horizontal size of bust." As a result of the cluster analysis using these nine factors, the torsos of middle-aged women were classified into three types. Type 1 has upper abdominal deposition with a small and long upper body and an advanced abdomen; type 2 has lower abdominal deposition with a small and short torso and a small belly and hip flexion; and type 3 has central abdominal deposition with a big and long torso, large breasts, and protruding abdo¬men front. The middle-aged women were mostly distributed in Type 2. The above results will be useful as basic data for the development of clothing with improved fit to accommodate the changed physical characteristics of middle-aged women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2015

This study analyzed the lower body type of 30's Korean men to develop a slim-fit pants pattern. As the analysis data, direct measurement data of anthropometric measured value in the 6th Size Korea(KATS, 2010) was used as basic data with 481 men in 30's as analysis objects. The result are as follows. First, the result of analyzing factors for the lower body type classification indicated five factors. Second, the result of executing group analysis (with the independent variable of 5 clusters extracted from the factor analysis)classified the following three types. Type 1(36.8%) displayed a medium height of lower body type, small waist and hip, slim and fit body type with a slim shape between the knee and ankle. The shape between the waist and hip had characteristics of a slight curve and short length. Type 2(35.6%) displayed lowest height of a lower body type that was large and thick between the waist and the hip. The drop value of the waist and the hip was small; therefore, the body type was flat with a minimal curve. The underpart type (below the knee) was the thickest and the length was short. Type 3(27.7%) displayed the highest lower body type, a medium level waist size, flat and narrow waist and belly. This body type had a curve with big drop value of the waist and the hip, lower part from the hip to the ankle (including the knee) and a thick calf with along leg.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.58-71
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the increments of body measurements of the teenage boys between the ages of 13 and 18 and provide a fundamental data for apparel manufacturers in order for them to make clothing that reflect the appropriate body characteristics of the teenage boys. The total of 1587 male subjects between the ages of 13 and 18, from the 5th Anthropometric survey of Korea (Size Korea) data, were used for this study. The changes in the body dimensions were analyzed with anthropometric measurements and anthropometric index mesurements. First, anthropometric measurement results show that most of the height related measurements increased in accordance with age, and that the boys between the ages of 13 and 15 experience dramatic growth. Standard deviation is the largest between the age of thirteen and fourteen which indicates that in these ages there is a wide difference in a growth rate Second, anthropometric index measurement results show that in accordance with age, bust, waist and hip depth/width rate decreased; however, waist and hip depth/width rate increased at the age of 18. In accordance with age, upper body length rate increased, whereas lower body length rate decreased. Bust circumference, armhole length, and upperarm circumference rate increased gradually, whereas waist circumference decreased.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of deviation of mandibular positioning, by changing the mandibular plane inclination, on the measured height and width of mandible in spiral conventional tomography. Materials and Methods : By means of the Scanora multifunctional unit, cross-sectional tomograms were taken from two human dried mandibles at the mandibular angulations: -15 degree, -10 degree, -5 degree, and 0 degree. Twenty-eight sites in two dried mandibles were imaged. One examiner measured the bone heights and widths at selected sites on the images and the actual bone heights were recorded. Results : The bone heights at the four mandibular inclinations overestimated real bone heights and the mean difference between actual heights and image heights on 0 degrees was the smallest (P<0.01). The bone widths on -15 degrees were narrowest and there were significant differences between bone widths measured at the four mandibular inclinations (P<0.001). We found statistically significant differences between both bone heights and widths as measured according to the mandibular plane angle for the posterior region (P<0.01). Conclusion : The use of different mandibular positioning may result in discrepancies in heights and widths when measured from the cross-sectional tomographic images. It is suggested that the mandibular positioning may play a significant role in the measurement of mandibular heights and widths.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1994

When we put a construction on the space organization form of Seyeon-jong garden through a consequence of drawing analysis, we were able to certify that a certain space construction principle was applied as following. First, the arrangement and organization of space construction element embodied systematic order y clearing the character of space, and heightening the degree of cognizance with the means of functionability, scale, height, decorationability, an inclination of artificiality and nature, systemetic approchability. Second, the space construction element of Seyeon-jong garden pursued a harmony of human work and nature for creating a various atmosphere and visual quality. Third, Seyeon-jong garden constructed the space by establishing the measurement of human scale that introduced a conception of near, middle, distant view on the visual angle. Forth, Yun go san introduced the natural shape of 'The song of five friends' as a construction element, and represented the symbolism that he had seeked for throught he arrangement method, christening, composing technique of the space construction element for expressing ideal space which is described in 'The four season song of fishermen' spatially at Seyeon-jong garden. As the results of this study, that Yun go san created his own ideal space that he longed for at Seyeon-jong garden with applying fixed design system, and he realized his will that he strived to form a complete whole in perfect harmony.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bodice patterns by analyzing sensory evaluations. Anthropomatric data was collected between April and October of 2000. Total 283 body measurements were collected for this study including both direct and indirect measurements(29 variables from the direct anthropometric data. 5 variables from the indirect anthropometric data). Data were analyzing using percentiles. standard deviation and Anova. The appearance and fit of three kinds of bodice patterns (N. L. H type) were evaluated by expert panel and the subjects. The results of the anthropometric measurements and sensory evaluations are as follows : A significant differences (p$\leq$.001) in the height, width and girth Items was found. The results of the bodice pattern evaluations by expert panel indicates that a significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the placement of the waist dart, the fit of the bust area and the placement o( the back shoulder dart for 20's and 30's. The result of the evaluations by subjects indicates that a significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the placement of the waist dart for 40's. A significant difference (p${\le}$.05) in the responses to the suitability of the shoulder area among the age groups.