• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.263-273
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• 2015

We estimated the global inflow and stock of plastic marine debris. In South Korea, we estimated that the annual inflow of plastic marine debris (72,956 tons) was about 1.4% of annual plastics consumption (5.2 million tons) in 2012. By applying this 1.4% ratio to global plastics production from 1950 to 2013, we estimated that 4.2 million tons of plastic debris entered the ocean in 2013 and that there is a stock of 86 million tons of plastic marine debris as of the end of 2013, assuming zero outflow. In addition, with a logistic model, if 4% of petroleum is turned into plastics, the final stock of plastic marine debris shall be 199 million tons at the end. As the inflow and the stock are different units of measurement, better indicators to assess the effectiveness of inflow-reducing policies are needed. And, as the pollution from plastic marine debris is almost irreversible, countermeasures to prevent it should be valued more, and stronger preventive measures should be taken under the precautionary principle. As this is a preliminary study based on limited information, further research is needed to clarify the tendency of inflow and stock of plastic marine debris.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is intended to provide useful information about the disability evaluation indicators, the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) as a measurement tool for assessing the ability to perform activities of daily living through the correlation between the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Methods : The subject was 82 children with cerebral palsy. The validity was aexamined by calculation of correlation between the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Results : There were a good significant correlation between the MBI and MACS (r = -.765, p <0.001), the MBI and the GMFCS (r = -.851, p < 0.001) and the MACS and the GMFCS (r = .615, p <0.001). Conclusion : The close correlation between the MBI that is used as the basis of grading cerebral palsy and high reliability and validity of the MACS, GMFCS suggest that disability evaluation indicators, the MBI could be useful for children with disabilities.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2020

The dual system in Korea already plays an important role in quantitative terms in the Korean lifelong vocational competency development system. However, since most of the existing dual system performance management plans in Korea focus on qualification-linked dual system, research on the effective performance management of the four-year university-driven dual system is very insufficient. This paper presents multiple measures for developing a performance management system suitable for the university-driven dual system to achieve qualitative improvement of the contract departments of the dual colleges or universities. As an approach to the end, a performance evaluation system is established by developing the evaluation items and indicators for the dual colloeges' contract departments. Next, it analyzes the needs of various stakeholder groups such as field teachers of the involved companies, students in apprenticeship and OJT professors of KOREATECH through FGI's and polls to diagnose the current operational performance, especially the causes of high drpout rates of the contract departments. From these results, the paper presents firstly the development of measuring methods for the developed performance indicators of the evaluation system and then a systemic performance management system which is based on 'input-transformation-outcome-feedback' structure. In addition, some measures for improving the high dropout rate and performance are presented from the viewpoints of each stakeholder.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.731-746
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• 2011

The successful and sustainable growth of SMEs depends on their ability of strengthen their competitiveness in quality and cost and service more than anything else as a fundamental of operation. Among these key competitive factors of SMEs, quality is the most critical factor in manufacturing business fields. Because quality strongly influence cost and service performance on this manufacturing business field. There are many different ways to improve the quality performance but it needs proper management decision to choose the best way what can maximize outputs with minimum inputs. And it needs effective measurement methods and some indicators to analysis the quality performance properly. The quality cost is one of the simplest key indicators to measure the quality performance and the effectiveness of quality related management decisions. The major purpose of this study is to diagnose the categorized current level of actual quality cost of local SMEs to maximize their quality management effectiveness through comparing their level with others what's expressed in early studies. In this study, through survey on local SMEs, we found that their average annual quality cost ratio versus turnover - Total amount of annual quality cost divided by annual turnover - is around 3.69% excluded some SME's performances what have different quality control measures with others. And we found some results what corresponded with the early studies on the correlations between those categorized quality costs factors and some discrepancies between some of the literature model and the early case study results as follows. There were negative correlations between the Prevention costs and the External failure costs, and the Appraisal costs and the External failure costs, and there was positive correlation between the Appraisal costs and Internal failure costs same as early studies. But, we couldn't found any strong negative correlations between the Cost of control - Preventive costs & Appraisal costs - and the Cost of Failure of control - Internal & External failure costs -. It reveals not only the lack of effectiveness on their preventive or appraisal activities but also it can reveal there were so many effective ways to prevent the failure costs properly such as some innovative investment on Factory automation includes Error Proofing and more preventive actions to improve the effectiveness of the typical management methods likes CE (Concurrent Engineering), APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning), FMEA (Failure Mode & Effect Analysis) etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-124
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• 1998

Based on King's goal attainment theory, this research deals with applying nursing intervention of mutual goal settings to gastrectomy patients. It tests the effects of nursing intervention, according to the patients' health locus of control, suggested as external boundary criteria for the theory by employing a quasi-experimental design which consists of a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control and experimental groups. The subjects of this research were 62 gastrectomy patients hospitalized at Y medical center and the experimental and control groups consisted of 31 subjects. The experimental group received nursing intervention at the mutual goal setting of 5 times from the day before the surgery to the 5th day after the surgery, while the control group received only routine nursing care. Recovery indicators of both groups were measured and compared. Measurement variables included patients' characteristics, health locus of control, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, bowel movement recovery, mobility recovery, level of pain, patients' stress and patients' satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package and the hypotheses were tested by ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results of the analyses are summarized as follows : 1) Internal health locus of control had higher effects of the nursing intervention of mutual goal setting than external health locus of control on pulmonary ventilatory functions of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. 2) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the bowel movement recovery between the internal and external health locus of control. 3) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the mobility recovery between the internal and external health locus of control. 4) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of pain between the internal and external health locus of control. 5) There was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of stress between the internal and external health locus of control. 6) There was a statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of satisfaction with provision of nursing information between the internal and external health locus of control, and there was no statistically significant difference in the effects of nursing intervention of mutual goal setting on the level of satisfaction with outcome of nursing between the internal and external locus of control. On the basis of the research results, the following are recommended : 1) Repeated research on responses to health locus of control is necessary. 2) Not only the effectiveness of nursing intervention in acute recovery periods, but also the long term effects are to be investigated. 3) The development of instruments is needed to accurately measure mutual goal setting regarding postoperative deep breath, coughing, early ambulation, etc. so that the relationship among the postoperative recovery indicators may be explored. 4) It is required that an instrument be developed to measure perception which facilitates goal attainment in the interactive setting between patients and nurses.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.253-277
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• 2004

Since the early nineties, the European welfare states have been undergoing a paradigm shift from 'poverty' to 'social exclusion' in that the disadvantaged have increased in many areas, despite continuing increases in general living standards due to the steady economic development in Europe. In relation to this, Silver(1994) traces the evolution of the term 'exclusion' over time, and distinguishes three paradigms within which social exclusion is embedded (solidarity, specialisation and monopoly). In this regards, this paper purports to examine if differences of social exclusion indicators amongst three paradigm countries (notably, France, UK and Sweden) are statistically significant. For this purpose it takes the steps of 'theoretical conceptualisation'$\rightarrow$'classification of nations'$\rightarrow$'indexation for measurement', each of which constitutes an independent chapter. It duly argues that social exclusion indicators of three countries are hierarchically different in line with the Silver's three paradigms of social exclusion.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.92-107
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

Objectives: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a national surveillance system that has been assessing the health and nutritional status of Koreans since 1998. Based on the National Health Promotion Act, the surveys have been conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Methods: An oral examination as part of The National Health and Nutrition Examination was proposed to calculate the sample design and survey participation. The surveying system was presented by classifying the measurement environment, screening, and survey items by year, and the merits and limitations of using the data were suggested by examining the status of survey quality management and the process of disclosing raw data. Results: This nationally representative cross-sectional survey samples approximately 10,000 individuals each year and collects information on oral examinations and oral health interviews. Data for the oral health component of KNHANES was obtained to assess the oral health status of Koreans and determine the prevalence of dental caries and periodontitis. The oral health data quality control of KNHANES was composed of three parts: "Education Program" and "Field Training Program" for quality control of oral health examiners (dentists) by the professional academy, and "Data management" by the KCDC. After completion of the three-step data check, the indicators of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral health behavior were published in the National Health Statistics. Conclusions: To achieve the goals of oral health indicators, we will continue to monitor so that we can use it as basic data for oral policies and carry out various linkage analyses related to oral diseases.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-184
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• 2023

Since municipal welfare institutions operate for different purposes from general companies or public enterprises, ESG practice items and model construction should be conducted through various and comprehensive social welfare studies. Since there are not many studies available in domestic welfare institutions yet and there are no suitable ESG management utilization indicators, the Cheonan Welfare Foundation's strategy and management strategy system were established to spread the model to other welfare institutions and become a leading foundation through education and training. The foundation and front-line welfare institutions selected issues identification and key issues through the foundation's empirical analysis and criticality analysis, focusing on understanding ESG management and ways to establish a practice model that positively affects institutional image and business performance. Based on this, the promotion system was examined by establishing a performance management plan after deriving appropriate strategies and establishing a strategic system for social welfare institutions. Environmental and social responsibility, transparent management, safety management system establishment, emergency and prevention, user (customer) satisfaction system establishment, anti-corruption prevention and integrity ethics monitoring and evaluation, responsible supply chains, and community contribution programs. This study attempted to specifically present efforts to settle ESG management through the consideration of the Cheonan Welfare Foundation. Therefore, it is considered to be useful data for developing ESG management by referring to the systematic development process of the Cheonan City Restoration Foundation to develop ESG measurement indicators.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.324-332
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• 2019

In this study, the possibility of a follow-up study on environmental pollution in domestic freshwater was identified by analyzing fish otoliths using Laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP/MS). Fish otolith are known to be affected by the environment in which fish live. As a result, research on this subject is active in many countries; however, this is not the case in Korea. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of tracing environmental pollution using fish otoliths was identified by analyzing the components of metal elements used as indicators for environmental pollution. For the component analysis of metallic elements LA-ICP/MS, which can shorten analysis time by reducing the pretreatment process, was used. Sampling was conducted by dividing the research and the background area and carp, a freshwater species, was selected as the experimental fish species subject. Based on the established LA-ICP/MS conditions, the concentration of the metallic elements in the fish otoliths collected in the research area was 2202.9 mg kg^-1, 2.03 times higher than the 1,086.3 mg kg^-1 in the background area. All elements except for Li and U, were found to be higher in the research area than in the background area. Compared with the sediment measuring net analysis data, the distribution tendency of Zn, Pb, and Cu in sediment metal element concentrations in the two regions and distribution of metal element concentration in fish otoliths were similarly shown. These results confirm that fish otoliths can be used to track environmental pollutants, such as in sediments.