• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1999

Operation usually brings about psychological stress as well as physical stress to the patient and it greatly influences the maintenance of the homeostasis. Until now, most of the nursing research concerning the anxiety of the patient undergoing an operation has been done while the patient was under general anesthesia. Under local anesthesia, the anxiety of the patient who undergone operation is short. However, there is much demand of the operational nurses to mediate between the patient who is undergoing operation when fully conscious, as they are aware of the patient's anxiety and to decrease the patient's anxiety of this local anesthesia. Therefore, this research tries to verify the effects of the Hand-holding program on the anxiety of the operational patient undergoing local anesthesia and affirms the role of the nursing intervention. As an unequivalent control group non-synchronized designs, this research selects out 20 control groups and 21 experimental groups at random who have received cataract operation while under local anesthesia and after implementing the Hand-holding program to the experimental groups while undergoing the operation, the effect of the experiment was observed. By observing the Epinephrine, Cortisol, blood pressure, and pulse for the physical indexes before and after the enforcement of the hand-holding, and using the measurement of Speilberger(1972) for the psychological indicators for the anxiety of the patient before and after hand-holding, the results were analyzed through SAS program. As a results, intervention of hand-holding had a remarkable effect to decrease the anxiety felt by the patient and the diastolic blood pressure also was effectively decreased. On the other hand, through the decrease of the systolic blood pressure was also observed, it was not statistically significant. In the Epinephrine and Cortisol indicators, the intervention of hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding was revealed to have an indicators, the intervention of Hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding program may be said to have an effect which decreases the psychological anxiety of the patient undergoing local anesthesia.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1133-1143
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to improve project performance analysis indicators for BTL sewer rehabilitation projects. Among the assessment indicators for BTL sewer rehabilitation projects, an infiltration assessment indicator is given a high score of 17.5 points as a single assessment item. This infiltration assessment indicator is assessed focusing on the amount of infiltration, and presently calculated according to 'Nighttime Domestic Flow Evaluation' method. However, this assessment indicator's failure to reflect the geological features of Jeju region is emerging as a problem in the operational stage. Thus, this study intended to compare and analyze the calculation result depending on the assessment indicators and the actual amount of infiltration, centering on Jeju region. To this end, this study analyzed the amount of infiltration in five areas of Jeju Province calculated according to 'Nighttime Domestic Flow Evaluation' method. Also, a complete enumeration survey was carried out about the conditions for actual infiltration occurrence. According to the results of this survey, ground water level is distributed lower than the level of sewer pipes. The results of a sewer pipe function test show there was no infiltration occurrence caused by sewer pipe defect. So, it is concluded that 'Nighttime Domestic Flow Evaluation' method, which is utilized for the current assessment indicator, is not appropriate to apply to Jeju region, and it is thought that there is a need to establish infiltration criteria specialized for Jeju region.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Purpose - A variety of indicators are used for the diagnosis of economic situation. However, most indicators explain the past economic situation because of the time difference between the measurement and announcement. This study aims to argue for the resurrection of an idea: electricity demand can be used as an indicator of economic activity. In addition, this study made an endeavor to develop a new Real Business Index(RBI) which could quickly represent the real economic condition based on the sales statistics of industrial and public electricity. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study monthly sales of industrial and public electricity from 2000 to 2015 was investigated to analyze the relationship between the economic condition and the amount of electricity consumption and to develop a new Real Business Index. To formulate the Index, this study followed next three steps. First, we decided the explanatory variables, period, and collected data. Second, after calculating the monthly changes for each variable, standardization and estimating the weighted value were conducted. Third, the computation of RBI finalized the development of empirical model. The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the weighted contribution ratio among 3 sectors and 17 data. Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis was used to verify the robustness of out model. Results - The empirical results are as follows. First, compatibility of the predictability between the new RBI and the existing monthly cycle of coincident composite index was extremely high. Second, two indexes had a high correlation of 0.7156. In addition, Hodrick-Prescott filter analysis demonstrated that two indexed also had accompany relationship. Third, when the changes of two indexes were compared, they were found that the times when the highest and the lowest point happened were similar, which suggested that it is possible to use the new RBI index as a complementing indicator in a sense that the RBI can explain the economic condition almost in real time. Conclusion - A new economic index which can explain the economic condition needs to be developed well and rapidly in a sense that it is useful to determine accurately the current economic condition to establish economic policy and corporate strategy. The salse of electricity has a close relationship with economic conditions because electricity is utilized as a main resource of industrial production. Furthermore, the result of the sales of electricity can be gathered almost in real time. This study applied the econometrics model to the statistics of the sales of industrial and public electricity. In conclusion, the new RBI index was highly related with the existing monthly economic indexes. In addition, the comparison between the RBI index and other indexes demonstrated that the direction of the economic change and the times when the highest and lowest points had happened were almost the same. Therefore, this RBI index can become the supplementary indicator of the official indicators published by Korean Bank or the statistics Korea.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.231-259
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• 2006

Performance-based budgeting(hereafter PB2) is supposed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of public organizations. Governmental PB2 is based on output flow rather than input flow. Since 1990s, many OECD nations including New Zealand and the United States have been changing their budget system to PB2. The Korean Government has been using input-based budgeting focusing on the size of expenditures. In 1999, The Ministry of Planning and Budget(hereafter MPB) conducted pilot projects for divisions or agencies of governmental departments for the purpose of improving efficiency in expenditure, rationalizing budget allotments, and inducing budget savings. However, performance budgeting may also have problems in terms of measurement and application. Due to the fact that public goals are abstract and may vary, it is difficult to induce performance indicators from public goals. There also seem not to be any performance indicators which correspond with the conditions of desirable indicators, such as validity, reliability, clarity, practicality, controllability and so on. In terms of applying an original budgeting plan, the difficulty of linking performance and budgeting, the appearance of unintended negative effect and externalities, and the repulsion of subordinated agencies are expected. Now days, local government is going to introduce PB2. Same problem may happen in the local government. And Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to introduce PB2 onlocal government and review a alternative strategy with the purpose of smoothly settling performance budgeting on local government. That is the linkage of Balanced Scorecard(BSC) and PB2.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has also been promoting the commercialization of land transport technology to commercialize the technologies owned by small and medium-sized venture companies, and to support the transfer and commercialization of public technologies. At this point, in order to improve the investment effect of subsequent new projects and to select excellent research institutes, it is necessary to establish a valid evaluation index system suitable for the purpose of the project. The evaluation index system for subsequent new projects should be linked to the project objectives and goals of the preceding project, and should be selected in consideration of existing evaluation indicators to prevent interruption of research results. Therefore, this thesis sets the evaluation index system into multiple scenarios through hierarchical cluster analysis using the evaluation result data for each evaluation committee for small and medium venture companies participating in the land transportation technology commercialization support project, and then analyzes the structural equation model. As a result of scenario analysis, considering the measurement effect of each path representing the causal relationship between evaluation indicators and the effect of each evaluation index on evaluation items, the scenario with the highest impact on the evaluation result was selected as an improvement plan.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2015

Purpose Serum Thyroglobulin measurement is a major tool for the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Thyroglobulin is Normal thyroid tissue, or thyroid cancer tissue produced only. Thyroid hormone to a halt without Tg differentiation of thyroid cancer recurrence just by measuring how to decide whether there was increasing expectations if I can do it instead. Therefore, in excellent sensitivity Tg new inspection of the functional sensitivity by measuring the looked to evaluate the usefulness of reagents. Thyroidectomy is measuring the numbers Tg (total thyroidectomy) remaining thyroid ablation and radioactive iodine (radioactive iodine remnant ablation, RRA) DTC in patients being diagnosed with or help predict the remaining early detection of thyroid cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods Agent that I'm currently using Tg of the measurements of low clinical specimen for a second drainage of the three (0.08 0.17, 0.98, ng/mL) within the scope of the dilute magnification (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 times) by dilute Intraassy (n=10) and Interassay (n=10) out in no time. Concentration value according to the coefficient of variation and the mean and standard deviation of each measurement (Coefficient of variation, CV) the absolute value of the measured values that corresponds to 20 percent target a coefficient of variation of CV Find the value of the concentration of the functional sensitivity measurement did. Also, analytical sensitivity with recovery rates, Dilution test inspections, and interrelationship, compared. Results Sensitivity is an excellent analytical sensitivity within the prosecutor kit Tg 0.006 ng/mL, and core analytical sensitivity, conducted by the 0.006 ng/mL to same conclusion. Be rather high to 142 percent recovery rate was 60 to measurement and functional sensitivity, 0.01766 ng/mL(Intraassay n=10) was measured at. CBC is relatively good correlation as ($R^2=0.949$) the correlation. Conclusion Recently ultrasensitive thyroglobulin this clinically important indicators of the previous kit and demands are lower than sensitivity to the measurement results. Therefore, ultrasensitive thyroglobulin test is correlated that there would be useful in value in nuclear medicine the thyroid gland.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2006

This paper suggests a normative performance measurement model for B2B e-marketplace. The model is for the neutral and systematic sourcing B2B e-marketplace. It is based on BSC that is very powerful and sound tool among all the available performance measurement systems. In addition, we used AHP to make the model more structured and to draw weights of performance measures from experts. We derived main features and factors affecting performance of e-business companies and especially of B2B e-marketplaces based on literature. In order to make the model usefulness, we co-worked with some experts who are engaged in real Korean B2B e-marketplaces. They included venture capitalists, top managers of B2B e-marketplaces, and consultants. By their assistances, we could find important evaluating factors and define the hierarchical structure. After defining the hierarchical structure, the expert group decided weights of performance indicators through the designed questionnaires. The weight for each measure was calculated using geometric mean of the questionnaire response. We made the case studies of two real Korean B2B e-marketplaces to apply the suggested model with some adjustments. The results of the case studies were so satisfactory that the suggested performance measurement model for B2B e-marketplace is useful and applicable to the real world.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.176-185
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• 2023

This study is a study to develop a model to measure the economic performance when introducing industrial safety design, which is emerging as a necessity for industrial accident prevention measures due to the increase in the industrial site nursing accident rate and the enforcement of the Serious Accident Punishment Act. To this end, studies on the concept of industrial safety management and industrial safety design and economic performance measurement in the field of industrial safety were conducted in terms of theoretical background. Based on the theoretical background, opinions on drafts of related indicators were collected through user opinion surveys, and focus group interviews and Delphi techniques were conducted with experts, and research was conducted to advance the model. In order to secure objectivity, the causal relationship between the introduction of industrial safety design, cost reduction effect, and sales increase effect was tested through regression analysis. After going through these steps, two models of economic performance measurement of industrial safety design were finally developed: a model based on the first-stage disaster loss cost reduction effect and a second-stage sales increase effect. In order to be applied to actual industrial sites, it should be able to be presented as a standard for the degree of service level agreement of industrial safety design beyond a simple checklist.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

This study of the school's outdoor space for relaxing and activity of the two most numerous students, high heat and low heat with a green space, playground targets of thermal comfort indicators UTCI, PMV, WBGT using the thermal comfort students feeling compare the analyzed. The destination of this study, school facilities of Nam-gu, Namdong- gu, Incheon were studied and the investigation period was conducted from July to August. List of measurement, in the case of thermal comfort indicators, UTCI, PMV, WBGT was measured in the case of green, ratio of green coverage and GVZ was measured. GVZ analysis were as follows: A school ($4.71m^3/m^2$) B school ($3.34m^3/m^2$) C school ($0.38m^3/m^2$). Comparative analysis of the results of thermal comfort indicators by schools, UTCI was Green space $26.15{\sim}31.38^{\circ}C$ and playground $40.66{\sim}42.94^{\circ}C$, PMV values were 1.76 to 2.66 as a green space. WBGT was Green space $26.15{\sim}31.38^{\circ}C$, playground $31.67{\sim}34.53^{\circ}C$. Comparative analysis of the results of thermal comfort indicators UTCI, PMV, WBGT all A school, B school, C school, on the green space was comfortable levels more than playground. The results of the school type thermal comfort and green correlation analysis of thermal comfort UTCI, PMV, WBGT all solar radiation, globe temperature, and a positive correlation shown solar radiation, globe temperature is not comfortable, the higher was considered. UTCI, PMV, WBGT of thermal comfort indicator all ratio of green coverage, GVZ and negative correlation appears ratio of green coverage, GVZ was increased due to the lowering of the value of thermal comfort indicators was considered to be comfortable.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.24-35
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• 2023

Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport presented the '6th Construction Technology Promotion Basic Plan' and 'Smart Construction Revitalization Plan (2022.7.20)'. Off-Site Construction (OSC), which involves construction and production of PC (Precast Concrete) and Modular, etc., has advantages in shortening the construction period, reducing costs, improving quality, reducing construction waste, and reducing safety accidents. However, the construction cost is high compared to the traditional RC construction method, which has hindered its utilization and spread. In this study, OSC utilization was improved. An economic analysis indicator and methodology that can support decision-making in the planning and design stages for multi-unit housing were proposed. The factors used in the economic analysis of OSC (based on the PC method) of apartment houses were reviewed. As for the indicators used in the cost and benefit section, 'Construction Period', 'Disaster Occurrence', 'Waste Generation', and 'Greenhouse gas Emission', which reflect the technical advantages of OSC, were derived. In addition, a scenario analysis was conducted based on actual apartment housing case data for the presented economic analysis indicators and benefit calculation standards. The level of benefit that offsets the difference between the existing RC construction method and the construction cost was reviewed. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct additional case studies to apply the measurement criteria for detailed indicators and supplement the benefit indicators.