• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.9B no.2
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2002

In bulding Intelligent Agent Societies (IAS), it is very important to design and implement coordination in accordance with the known requirement and anticipated working conditions. Coordination consists of a set of mechanisms necessary for the effective operation of IAS. Currently, there is little theoretical support that could help in this research is to generate an empirically-based solving systems in which all agent share an identical goal structure and fully cooperate. And we developed a simulation model called "P-System" which produces basic data to be used for statistical analysis to generate a theory of coordination. Coordination among agent in the P-System is dependent on 23 control variables calld TEs(tweakable emtities.)And the level of coordination is represennted by an independent variabe called QMC (Quality Measure Coordination) expressed in numerical terms according tn the definiion of this study. Also, we have studied how to select unbiased subset from the huge total experimental space of the P-System and how to decide the scale of the subset.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.335-351
• /
• 2008

The paper constructs the economic theory of sleeping patents in the knowledge-based economy. Starting with the definition of sleeping patents, we suggest the types of sleeping patents, intended and unintended ones. While intended sleeping patents are divided into 'for-defending technological position' and 'for-describing past technology', unintended sleeping patents include frictional, intrinsic, market-deficient, and institutional ones. We also introduce the concept of the natural rate of sleeping patent and measure the social loss due to sleeping patents. The study can contribute to solving policy problems for utilizing registered patents. For example, if we measure the natural rate of sleeping patent in Korea, we can estimate 'tolerable rate of sleeping patent' and control the extend of policy intervention for patents utilization. Since we invest the theory of sleeping patents firstly, the suggested concepts should be elaborated through further discussion in depth.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.18
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2004

This study identifies various risk factors associated with activities of early construction stage, then establishes the Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS) by classifying the risks into the three groups; Common risks, risks for Earth works, and risks for Foundation works. The Common risks are identified and classified by considering various aspects of the early construction stage such as financial, political, constructional aspects, etc. The risks for Earth works and Foundation works are identified in detail by surveying technical specifications, relevant claim cases and interviewing with experts. These risks are classified based on the Wok Breakdown Structure(WBS) of the early construction stage. The WBS presented in this study classifies the works of early construction stage into four categories; excavation, sheeting works, foundation works, footing works. This study suggests a risk analysis method using fuzzy theory for construction projects. Construction risks are generally evaluated as vague linguistic value by subjective decision making. Fuzzy theory is a proper method to quantify vague conditions of construction activities. Therefore, this study utilizes fuzzy theory to analyse construction risks. The weight of risks is estimated by reflecting the interrelationship among risk factors from absolute weights obtained by fuzzy measure into the relative weights by Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). The interrelationship is estimated by Sugeno-fuzzy measure.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.167-177
• /
• 2009

As the service quality has been reconsidered in public sector as well as private enterprises, the need for public sectors to adopt principle and practices of private sectors is concerned with customer-focused approach, the different business culture of public service organizations makes it difficult to improve service qualify. Also, Since concept of service contains intangibility, heterogeneity, Simultaneousness and perishability, it makes peoples more difficult to measure service quality. Therefore, this study proposes synthetic Administrative Service duality Index(ASQI) using fuzzy set theory and analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the service qualify in subjective environment. In ASQI model, Fuzzy set theory helps to measure the ambiguity of concepts that are relative to human being's subjective judgement. Also, this study utilizes AHP method to evaluate the preference weights of service quality dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) for customers.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2008

Based on similarities between fuzzy set theory and mathematical morphology, Grabish proposed a fuzzy morphology based on the Sugeno fuzzy integral. This paper proposes a fuzzy mathematical morphology based on the defuzzification of the fuzzy measure which corresponds to fuzzy integral. Its process makes a fuzzy set used as a measure of the inclusion of each fuzzy measure for subsets. To calculate such an integral a $\lambda$-fuzzy measure is defined which gives every subsets associated with the universe of discourse, a definite non-negative weight. Fast implementable definitions for erosion and dilation based on the fuzzy measure was given. An application for robust skeletonization of two-dimensional objects was presented. Simulation examples showed that the object reconstruction from their skeletal subsets that can be achieved by using the proposed was better than by using the binary mathematical morphology in most cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2017

Although excessive intake of sodium is known to cause various diseases and threaten public health and policies for reducing overconsumption of sodium are being implemented, the theoretical research on sodium intake is incomplete. This study attempted to provide a policy basis by examining whether or not planned behavior theory, which is a typical health communication theory used to describe health-related behaviors, can be applied to explain sodium intake behavior. Especially, sodium ingestion behaviors were compared using the theory of actions planned for men and women as well as young people, middle-aged, and elderly persons, who are predicted to show differences in eating habits. In this study, questionnaires were prepared to measure the daily eating habits of subjects and subordinate factors of planned behavior theory: behavioral beliefs, outcome expectations, normative beliefs, compliance motivation, and control beliefs. Questionnaires were given to 93 college students and their families. As a result of the difference analysis and path analysis of the questionnaire responses, the following suggestions were obtained. First, age difference is more obvious than sex difference in terms of low salt intentions. For example, older people are healthier than younger people in terms of eating habits and health concerns. Second, the elderly are more likely to practice the low-salt formula when they are provided information on the benefits and effects of the low-salt formula compared to younger ones. Third, systematic efforts are needed to promote a culture that emphasizes the health benefits of a low salt diet rather than providing piecemeal information on the advantages and effects of a low salt diet.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.49-66
• /
• 2018

This research explores a value chain structure of VR-AR media including user's perception, uses, and evaluation. The purpose of this research focused on factor analysis and the relationship among user's VR-AR adoption motivations and utilities. This research explores correlation between personal value and using motivation. This study was to identify the value structure of respondent on VR-AR usages based on means-end chain theory. The research used structured APT laddering questions and 251 data was analysed. Through such analysis, category difference by stage and relationship difference were identified and hierarchical value map was compared. There are four different value ladders: first is attributes, functional consequences, psychological consequences, and final value. This study is based on the analysis of the value chain structure factors that affect VR and AR use behavior (attributes, functional benefits, psychological benefits, use value), 'Hierarchical Value Map' between users' The purpose of the model is to construct a model. For this, 'means-end chain theory' was applied to measure the causal relationship between personal value and VR related use behavior. In order to solve this research problem, 135 people were analyzed through the structured questionnaire using the AR and VR content fitness measure and the second APT laddering, and the use of VR-AR : 1) Functional benefits; 2) Psychological benefits; 3) Means to reach value, 4) Objective value chain structure was identified. The results show that VR users tried to smooth the social life through the new virtual reality audiovisual element, the newness of experience, fun, and pleasure through the departure of reality, vividness of experience, and leading fashion. The AR fitness was a game and a new program, and the value of interacting with other people and the value of 'periwinkle' played an important role through the vividness and peripheral interaction of AR, It was an important choice. The important basic values of users' VR and AR selection were correlated with psychological attributes of interaction with others, achievement, happiness and favorable values.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2015

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to investigate the explanatory power of the Pecking-order theory (the cost of financing increases with asymmetric information) among Korean retail firms from the perspective of debt capacity. According to the Pecking-order theory, a firm's first preference is to use internal funds for its capital needs, its next preference is the issuance of debt, and its last preference is the issuance of equity; this is due to the information asymmetry problem between existing shareholders and investors. However, prior empirical studies, such as Lemmon and Zender (2010), argue that the entire sample test for the Pecking-order theory could be misleading due to the different levels of debt issuance capability of each of the individual firms; in fact, they confirm that the explanatory power of the Pecking-order theory improves after taking into account the differences in debt capacity of the U.S. firms they examined. This paper implements a case study approach among Korean retail firms to examine the relationship between debt capacity and the explanatory power of the Pecking-order theory in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - This study uses the sample of public retail firms on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) from the time period of 1990 to 2013. We gather related financial and accounting statements from the financial information firm WISEfn. Credit rating information is provided by the Korea Investor Service. We employ the models of Lemmon and Zender (2010) and Son and Kim (2013) to measure a firm's debt capacity. Their logit models use the rating dummy variable as a dependent variable and incorporate other firm characteristics as independent variables to estimate debt capacity. To test the Pecking-order theory, we adopt variants of the financing deficit model of Shyam-Sunder and Myers (1999). In the test of the Pecking-order theory, we consider all of the changes in total debt obligations, current debt obligations, and long-term debt obligations. Results - Our main contribution to the literature is our confirmation of the predicted relationship between debt capacity and the explanatory power of the Pecking-order theory among Korean retail firms. The coefficients on financing deficits become greater as a firm's debt capacity improves. This is consistent with the results of Lemmon and Zender (2010). The coefficients on the square of the financing deficits are also negative for the firms in the largest debt capacity group, which is also consistent with the predictions in prior literature. Conclusions - This study takes a case study approach by examining Korean retail firms. We confirm that the Pecking-order theory explains the capital structure of retail firms more appropriately, after taking into account the debt capacity of each firm. This result suggests the importance of debt capacity consideration in the testing of the Pecking-order theory. Our result also implies that there has been a potential underestimation of the explanatory power of the Pecking-order theory in existing studies.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2004

The presence of magnetic fields in the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies has been revealed through several different observational techniques. These fields may be dynamically important in clusters as they will provide additional pressure support to the intracluster medium as well as inhibit transport mechanisms such as thermal conduction. Here, we review the current observational state of Faraday rotation measure studies of the cluster fields. The fields are generally found to be a few to 10 $\mu$G in non-cooling core clusters and ordered on scales of 10 - 20 kpc. Studies of sources at large impact parameters show that the magnetic fields extend from cluster cores to radii of at least 500 kpc. In central regions of cooling core systems the field strengths are often somewhat higher (10 - 40 $\mu$G) and appear to be ordered on smaller scales of a few to 10 kpc. We also review some of the recent work on interpreting Faraday rotation measure observations through theory and numerical simulations. These techniques allow us to build up a much more detailed view of the strength and topology of the fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 1992

This paper is studied about the method to measure the fine scratches on the mirror surfaces, such as the silicon wafer and magnetic memory disk by the optical measuring method. The theoretical background of this analysis is based upon the light scattering theory developed by Beckmann. In this analysis, the roughness in fine scratches is not considered because the aberage roughness is very small compared with the size of fine scratches. Empasis is on quantilaive method of fine scratches by non-contact method. Experiments are followed by the image processing system attached to the CCD Camera. As a results, I propose the new method to measure the size of the fine scratches from the parameters obtained by the computer simulation and experiments.