• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.537-555
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• 2008

The study aims to analyze elementary school students' understanding of the concept of equality sign in contexts, to reflect the types of contexts for equality sign which mathematics textbook series for $1{\sim}4$ grades on natural numbers and its operation provide, and to invetigate the effects of teaching methods of the concept of equality sign suggested in this research. In order to achieve these purposes, the origin, concept, and contexts of equality sign were theoretically reviewed and organized. Also the error types in using equality sign were reflected. Modelling, discussing truth or falsity of equations, identifying relations between numbers and their operation, conjecturing basic properties of numbers and their operations, experiencing diverse contexts for equality sign, and creating contexts for equality sign are set up as teaching methods for better understanding the concept of equality sign. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, elementary school students' under-standing of the concept of equality sign varied by context and was generally far from satisfactory. In particular, they had difficulties in understanding the concept of the equal sign in contexts with operations on both sides. The most frequently witnessed error was to recognize equality sign as a result of operations. Secondly, student' lack of understanding of the concept of equality sign came from the fact that elementary textbooks failed to provide diverse contexts for equality sign. According to the textbook analysis, contexts with operations on the left side of the equal sign in the form of $a{\pm}b=c$ were provided excessively, with the other contexts hardly seen. Thirdly, teaching methods provided in the study were found to be effective for enhancing understanding the concept of equality sign. In other words, these methods enabled students to focus on relational understanding of concept of equality sign rather than operational one.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.277-286
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a new educational approach to help learners form concepts by identifying the properties of programming concepts targeting a group of experts in programming education. Therefore, we confirmed the typical properties of concepts by programming education experts for programming learning elements through conceptual metaphor analysis, which is a qualitative research method, and confirmed the validity through the delphi method. As a result of this study, we identified 17 typical properties of programming concepts that learners should form in programming education. The conclusions of this study are that need to compose the educational content more specifically for the conceptualization of learners' programming as follows: 1)the concept of a variable is to understand how to store data, how to set a name, what an address has, how to change a value, various types of variables, and the meaning of the size of a variable, 2)the concept of operator is to understand how to operate the four rules, how to deal with it logically, how to connect according to priority, meaning of operation symbols, and how to compare, 3)the concept of the control structure is to understand how to control the execution flow, how to make a logical judgment, how to set an execution rule, meaning of sequential execution, and how to repeat executing.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

In the 4th Industrial Revolution, information is collected and analyzed from people and objects through the rapid development of ICT. It is possible to create value. However, there are many legal and institutional restrictions on the collection of information aimed at people.Therefore, in-depth research on the protection and use of personal information in the rapidly changing cyber security environment is needed. The purpose of this study is to protect and utilize personal information for the operation of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and big data during the 4th Industrial Revolution. It is to seek a paradigm shift. The organization of the research for this is: Chapter 1 examines the meaning of personal information during the 4th Industrial Revolution, Chapter 2 presents the framework for the review and analysis of prior research. In Chapter 3, after analyzing policies for the protection and utilization of personal information in major countries, Chapter 4 looks at the paradigm shift in personal information protection during the 4th Industrial Revolution and how to respond. Chapter 5 made some policy suggestions for the protection and utilization of personal information.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.433-434
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• 2015

Dictionary meaning of circuit-breaker is a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit. and it had been recognized as being operated simultaneously. Controlled Switching System(CSS), which is technology for individual pole operation, are widely used to reduce transient phenomenon, for example switching surges, inrush current, for a all switching cases and nowadays it have become and economical solution for a switching place. The conventional solution to these problem is the use of pre-insertion resistors of $520{\Omega}$. However, it is recognised that the cost for products and maintenance are expensive and this apparatus makes more complex the circuit-breaker mechanism. Korea Electric Power Cooperation (KEPCO) has been study for relevant CCS technology since pilot application in substation in 2003 and plan to apply the actual power grid in 2017. This paper deals with the investigation of international CCS operation status and preview for application in KEPCO power grid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.19-34
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• 2010

This study aims to examine associationistic psychology and psychological operation associated with each color image, then to study the relation between particular colors used in paintings produced by Gogh and Klimt in different times and these painters' psychology in a bid to explore the meaning and role of psychological operation of colors. The findings of the study indicated that red and blue colors represent mainly negative images, while yellow and orange colors represent mainly positive images and psychologies. Specifically, in the case of Gogh, red expresses anxiety, a negative image, yellow symbolizes passion, a major positive image of emotional liberation, dark and thick green and the green involving blue symbolize negative images, emptiness and despair, and blue represents negative images of internal desire conflicts, and screaming. Also, purple used together with white represents anxiety and depression. In the case of Klimt, red represents negative images of anger toward mother and suppressed energy, yellow, an alternative to gold color, symbolizes the positive image of hope, passion, desire and eroticism, the arrangement of strong gold and orange colors represents a color of psychological healing more than a color of hope. As such, colors used in paintings produced by modern Western painters express the physiological conditions, psychological feeling and emotion in life, at the time when the artists produced such works. It was found that colors are yet another language of expressing emotions, and symbolize the psychologies of the artists, indicating that colors have something to do with the painters' experience and emotional impulses.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estimation strategy on placing decimal point in multiplication and division of decimals. To examine the effects of improving calculation ability and reducing decimal point errors with this estimation strategy, the experimental research on operation with decimal was conducted. The operation group conducted the decimal point estimation strategy for operating decimal fractions, whereas the control group used the traditional method with the same test paper. The results obtained in this research are as follows; First, the estimation strategy with understanding a basic meaning of decimals was much more effective in calculation improvement than the algorithm study with repeated calculations. Second, the mathematical problem solving ability - including the whole procedure for solving the mathematical question - had no effects since the decimal point estimation strategy is normally performed after finishing problem solving strategy. Third, the estimation strategy showed positive effects on the calculation ability. Th Memorizing algorithm doesn't last long to the students, but the estimation strategy based on the concept and the position of decimal fraction affects continually to the students. Finally, the estimation strategy assisted the students in understanding the connection of the position of decimal points in the product with that in the multiplicand or the multiplier. Moreover, this strategy suggested to the students that there was relation between the placing decimal point of the quotient and that of the dividend.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-91
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• 2004

This study focuses on establishing a base for approaching record disposition schedules, which may be felt unfamiliar, through the overview of record disposition schedules. For this purpose, this study examined the meaning of record disposition schedules, the significance and principle of their elements, and their operation. In addition, it presented tasks to perform for record disposition schedules to play a central role of record management in the future. This study showed that record disposition schedules authorize people to control and process records, and are closely related to the development and the stability of record disposition system in Korea. What is more, it proved that record disposition schedules enable the assessment of the historical values of records, so it is possible to maintain records from the perspective of historical records. Besides, record disposition schedules are important in that they contain information on organizations and their functions, based on which we can preserve and manage extrinsic information about records.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.267-289
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to research teachers' recognition for founding and operationg school-companies for each field of handicap. And, the subjects for the questionnaire were the teachers in five schools in Daegu. According to the result, for the foundation of school-company for each field of handicap, it showed that the teachers significantly required it; for the operation, they expected both the increasement of job taking rate and the specialized vocational development of students; and for the operating method, they preferred the supplying way through their production of required goods by local community and companies. For the operation of school-companies for each field of handicap, the time arrangement for curriculum of the students should be flexible, and the curriculum should be incorporated according to the need of each school. And, as for the staff members and teachers in charge of school-company for each field of handcap, this study suggested it to support and assist according to practical situation of each school. Through the result of this study, it was discussed on the direction of following studies and practical meaning for school-companies for each field of handicap.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

VMS(Variable Message Sign) which makes the traffic flow smooth by providing traffic information to road users in real-time has been being installed or operated on the road as part of the detailed ITS system. However, some problems were found as a result of survey on express way currently. In the part of the phase operation, the message interpretation time wasn't defined so that the phase operation was difficult. In the part of the information service, not considering characteristic of the VMS section caused the confusion to drivers. In the part of the message exposure, font, alignment, conversion and composition of the information were not consistent and use of superfluous words and inconsistent use of word having the same meaning brought about the problem on information communication This study established the detailed exposure method based on instructions relative to VMS operation. The method established by defining the number of appropriate phase and setting required function of each individual VMS installation location. The method is as follow. the font type is the GULIM, the message conversion method is simple conversion method, the alignment method is centering alignment method and the color is defined according to each situation. In this study, the preference survey was performed to review the validity of the proposed improvement through the common driver. The results were similar with the pre-study except for the font type. This study established the detailed exposure method based on instructions relative to VMS operation. The method established by defining the number of appropriate phase and setting required function of individual VMS installation location. For the evaluation of status and improvement, preference survey of ordinary drivers and statistics analysis was carried.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.297-325
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• 2017

In this paper, I would like to reconsider the evidential category (or the mediation category) in languages with language specific values, especially in Korean and French evidentials. We tried to analyze how the evidentials are represented in both languages including their linguistic markers (grammatical, lexical or discursive) and their semantic meanings. According to the precedent studies from the general linguistic point of view, we would like to reconsider the semantic meanings of both languages' grammatical markers, the so-called Korean retrospective marker '-te-' and French conditionals in the framework of the enunciative operation theory suggested by $Descl{\acute{e}}s$ & $Guentch{\acute{e}}va$ (2000), which proposed to classify the type of discourse by the language-independent description tools conceived after the enunciation theory suggested by Bally (1965), Benveniste (1956), Culioli (1973). Through this approach, we would like to contribute to establishing the linguistic basis not only for the general linguistic research to determine the invariant meaning of linguistic evidentials and their system, but also for the applied linguistics to the language engineering field.