• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.131-142
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• 2000

The philological consideration of Korean Buddhist Monk's robe and its reviving have been investigated in traditional way. The configuration and colour of Korean Buddhist monk's robes have been properly adapted for an period, territory, and atmospheric phenomena. In case of Korea, introduced Buddhism from China realize modern robe from under the influence of fusion of Chinese ornament culture and Korean traditional ornament culture. As a result of this modern robe has been consisted of a Buddhist monk's robe and a cope. The modem robes has been significantly affected by industrialization, contrary to ancient time taxed robes as public imposts. At present be familiar in mass production we have a preference for the easier way in making and even color forming. In this paper it is focused on dyeing part, which recognized its important in latest time, at first declined according to appearance of chemical dye, evaluated its convenience in use. That is, it is increased natural dye, people begin with recognition of difference of physical properties for dress dyed with chemical pigment and that with natural pigment. In consequence, I have presented that both making colour of gray using traditional method, and three demolished-color prescribed by Buddhist law. Of course, though it become generally know that dyeing of robes occupied significant part of traditional natural dyeing. But in case of religion, it also is important to know symbolical meaning involved in its colour. Most of Buddhism-believers or even Buddhists who actually be dress in robe are without knowing the meaning of colour, or its revealing method. There, I have considered mating three colour of demolished- color included blue, black, and red, and also represented dyeing method of Buddhist monk's robe using both charcoal and ink-spick. From religious font of view, as robes contains involving of blessing, I have an intention of improvement way in dyeing and succession and development of traditional culture through consideration of traditional dyeing method. And I have also intended to restoration the value of robe's colour, disappeared by the time. moreover, I have shown that dyeing with natural pigment is profitable for both environment and sanitary aspect.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

Since the graphics of fashion items as a means to deliver messages suggest practical sections of the society while showing individual ideas and identity, they have values of promotion to attract attention by manifesting an effective function during the process of delivering intentions and the signification. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the characteristics expressed with graphics shown on T-shirts of casual wear out of all the fashion items and analyze the social messages reflected on them. Using the Barthes' system of denotation and connotation, distinguished symbolic functions and meaning among graphics were analyzed through the analysis of expression methods of the graphics as the denotation of initial meaning and connotation of secondary meaning. Each casual brand has led the sale of casual markets by appealing consumers with graphic items with characters printed such as various kinds of animals and symbols or lettering printed such as hieroglyph and logos, as various expressive methods and social significance as well as a effective communicative means of graphics. As examined above, graphics expressed on fashion items have an informative characteristic and a persuasive characteristic in the aspect of contents, which has a single value as a communicative characteristic. Those characteristics have developed into the fashion graphic actively reflecting a designer's conviction, values, feelings and identity by acting on social issues and publicness. That is, in the age of information, effective messages delivered through the fashion graphic to the public have contributed to the establishment of an appropriate atmosphere of visual culture while maximizing the role and function as a social significance.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-200
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• 1997

I got the following result from the bibliographic study about the meaning of Hwa(火) and Hwa- byung(火病) at the concept and the aspect of pathological and etiological factors.The results are as follows.1. The pathological characteristics of Hwa(火) mean the inflammed state, the excited mental condition and perinervous hyperfunction caused by exopathy produced by any of the six extermal etiological factors(外感六淫) and Hwa caused by interior injury(內傷火熱).2. Hwa caused by the fire emotions(五志之火); anger, gladness, contemplation, sadress, fear by menta complications brings to Hwa caused by the five viscera(五臟之火) and Hwa caused by the stagnation of the liver - energy(肝鬱之火) is the rpresentive Hwa caused by the five viscera and the six hollow organs(贓腑之火).3. A symptom caused by a pathogenic Hwa(火證) is understood in a pathological sense involved an inflammed disease and is considered as a pathological state of excess syndrome(實證) caused by exterior Hwa( 外火).4. The pathologic process of Hwa-byung(火病) as the mental disease is based upon our people's emotion; Han(恨) to be pathologized without being overcome and can be considered as the process of Hwa caused by long-term(鬱久而火化).5. Hwa-byung(火病) means a psychosomatic disorder resulting from stress reaction caused by personal relations in the climacterium.Form the above mentioned study, the meaning of Hwa(火) and Hwa-byung(火病) is set theoretically and it also needs to be maintained reserching and studying about Hwa-byung(火病) consistantly.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.97-112
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• 2008

In this study, the research results up to now on original word form and its meaning of Korean number words hana, dul, ..., yeol are looked out from math-historically. In fact, finding out original word form and its meaning of hana, dul, and set(ses) may not be possible in the respect of history of mathematics. There might have been a gap between set(ses) and net(nes), and between net(nes) and daseot(daseos). Original word form and its meaning of hana, dul, set(ses), and net(nes) must be found out in different aspect from those of daseot(daseos), yeoseot(yeoseos), ..., yeol. There might have been a gap between yeoseot(yeoseos) and ilgop(ilgob). Coining number word mechanism for ilgop(ilgob), yeodeol,(yeodeolb) and ahop(ahob) might have been same each other. There might have been a gap between ahop(ahob) and yeol. The research results up to now have not paid attention to this gaps sufficiently. But according to history of mathematics, there must have existed several gaps.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.23-44
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• 2017

This study explored aspect and intermedial characteristics at the beginning of the abstract animation and the semiotic meaning of abstract animation. Abstract animation was formed by arbangaridist, and there was an abstract painting on its foundations. The abstract painting belong to 'symbol sign' and do not represent specific objects. The abstract animation loses its object and we knew that the abstract animation itself to be object. Abstract animation is a category of ' media combination ' that combines abstract painting and music with intermediality. Abstract animation began based on abstract paintings, but was combined with music and time, and evolved into new media. The abstract animation was started by avant-gardists such as Walter Ruttman, Viking Eggeling and Hans Richter. They set aside their own time of abstract animation based on music. Oskar Fischinger was influenced by Walter Ruttman who completed abstract animation and went to America to continue his work. After Oskar Fischinger, John Whitney continued his genealogy using computer graphics. The abstract animation was faithful to the underlying meaning of the medium in the absence of the object for representation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2008

People have used the manner of expression "clothing" to find out and to symbolize the styles that suits one's roles, behaviors or altitudes. Moreover, the symbolic meaning of clothing is important as it reflects the culture of a time period as well at the life style of each classes of society. In the aspect in which clothing is critical data to re-examine a time period as to trace history, clothing is significant for understanding the characteristics of each time periods, and by focusing on women's wedding dress, a costume worn for one of the most essential ceremonies in one's life, this article studies how trends of each period have been symbolized through clothing. Thus, this study aims to set a foundation to understand the cultural features of a time period through the wedding ceremony. The article inquires about the hwalot to also understand its meaning during the period of its existence, and develops designs for modern wedding dresses for women. I. The wedding dress of women expressed the following meanings by using shapes, colors and patterns of the hwalot. 1) The formative art of hwalot is the ultimate beauty. 2) The wedding dress of women emphasized aesthetics. 3) The symbols praying for harmony between red and indigo, or the union of yin and yang indicates that marriage had been considered as a precious ceremony-an important matter of life. 4) The meaning of good auspice such as health, longevity, immortality, good luck and stability had been frequently used since people sought for new and eternal life. 5) The symbols of wealth and fame have been frequently used by those pursuing a wealthy life. 6) Marriage was considered as a union of families, and not a union of two individuals. II. This article presents two types of modern wedding dresses.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.554-567
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• 2011

As creative city is increasingly considered as a paradigm of urban development, it was explored that some of major concepts consisting of creative city such as creativity, creative class and creative industry have an implication. Those concepts reveal a diverse meaning rather than universal one in the application depending on regions and countries across the world. This study tried to grasp the meaning of creative city in the northern region of Gyeongbook where the concept itself was not apparently distinctive. The result is that the inherent meaning of creative city was expanded to culture and athletic fields, though it was originated from taking advantage of nature, agricultural products in the region, and cultural and historical based tourism. On the other hand, the role of regional authority was examined to explore how the concept of creative city is realized in practice. There are some differences among the local authorities in the aspect of leadership. network system within the region, and social network with outside.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.102-122
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• 2001

Uymsikdimibang(음식디미방) - a book written around 1670 and implying the methods of understanding the taste of food and drink - records many kinds of alcoholic drinks. it is obviously a practical problem to explain the process of brewing alcoholic drinks. However, if we intend to approach the alcoholic drinks on the practical aspect, we can not explain why many kinds of alcoholic drinks were brewed. I acknowledge only that it was true to have brewed rice wine easily on the basis of the increase of the production of rice and the two-crop farming system of rice and barley in a paddy field as well as, for many kinds of alcoholic drinks to have increased as a result of the development of brewage since the middle and second half of Chosun. It is not until we approach the alcoholic drinks of those days on the level of meaning, value, and symbol that we can get a correct answer as to why Uymsikdimibang records many kinds of alcoholic drinks. In the second half of Chosun, confucian ideology was firmly established in country village societies, the idea of clan rules was instituted, and patriarchal system was organized. Such a social atmosphere was to emphasize the practice of confucian moral principle such as performing religious service on one's ancestors and receiving a guest, and in the course of it, the alcoholic drinks were recognized as important materials all the more. It seems that the subdivision and elaborateness of the meaning of the alcoholic drinks were in progress. As a result, I think that the alcoholic drinks would vary in kind and be graded. From ancient times, the alcoholic drinks were men's favorite foods, and the significance of the authority and prestige given to the alcoholic drinks was increasingly promoted by the rise of the social position of men in the second half of Chosun under the influence of confucian ideology. Subsequently, the alcoholic drinks became symbols which represented even the family's tradition and dignity. Therefore, men born of the nobility(Yangban) tried to brew the various and dignified alcoholic drinks relatively. Through the brewage such as this, they endeavored to maintain their privilege. I think that the diversification of alcoholic drinks was developed in the process of a series of social-institutional change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.38-49
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• 2016

This study is based on the assumption that the documentations, and poetry form a basis for undertone of the location and original landscape explored by inference and enjoyment aspects; the significance has been inferred by investigating the original location, relocated location, and the original landscape of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion. The results of the attempted research for locational value, and preservation of the original landscape before and after the relocation of Imsil Manchwi Pavilion is as follows. Firstly, Manchwi, meaning evergreen, was made a pseudonym of KimWi. The name reflects an image two evergreen pine trees facing one another. The poetry form presents the eternal fidelity. In addition, considering the symbolic plant and the meaning of evergreen pine trees specified on the pavilion, the name is derived from the fidelity, longevity of the family, vitality and so on. Secondly, Manchwi Pavilion was founded in the location, known as the snakehead form, that represents the vitality. Snake faces the swallow form over the river, therefore, it connotes the wishes for fidelity and prosperity of the family. Manchwi Pavillion is prostrate pheasant form which is suitable for those who look for a hiding place or place for their study. It is noticeable that the location infers and hand down the efforts on succession for prosperity of the family and the study. Thirdly, it is estimated that Manchwi Pavilion was established between 1572 and 1582; and the relocation was conducted in the late 1880s. Fourthly, although eternal fidelity was presented in Manchwi Pavillion with locational language, the Manchwi Pavillion after its relocation next to KimWi's grave implies the tendency of the changed value: the commemoration of the ancestors, and prosperity of the family. Fifthly, after the relocation of the pavilion, the proportion of the rooms with Korean heating system, so-called'Ondol'has been increased for its best use in all seasons. And its veranda for extension and its verse couplet implies that this connote the original meaning and pursuit of the study. Sixthly, the way that the poetry portrays pine trees, pond, plants, valleys, and streams shows the aspect of enjoyment of the landscapes and the meaning of fidelity, pure mind, free and easy life, self-examination, the frailty of human life. Lastly, despite the difference between tenth poetic language of three Sipyoung and Wonwoon Sipyeong, exploring the landscape based on the analysis on the poetry can be a basis on the maintenance and restoration of the original landscape as the inspiration and the meaning show that Wonwoon Sipyeong maintains the aspect of the author enjoying original landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

Currently, brand apartment is positioning itself as one of the representative Korean housing. This allows to look into the planning side and cultural side of the Korean housing. The purpose of this study is to review the previous trend in apartment housing according to period, and to verify the trend of current Korean apartment housing by visiting the model houses in PanGyo, the new city. This study has chosen case study method of 11 cases which had been sorted out in different floor plan type and size. The findings of the study is as followed. In the aspect of spatial arrangement, it had been similar to the previous apartment plan but had a new attempt to break out from the old apartment structure by bring in round shaped living room. Also, due to the legalization of balcony expansion, various tries had been made to increase the level of function and to allow variety of usage. In the environmental aspect, the concept of wellbeing and health had been a great importance in apartment planning. In the digital aspect, various digital systems had been introduce for convenience and safety via home network system. Furthermore, based on the various lifestyle, the storytelling design concept applied in the interior design, which will have to effect the future model house design planning. Nonetheless, the current emphasis on universal design is expected to be treated one of the important concept in Korean apartment planning. This study has a significant meaning on readdressing current trend in Korean housing and to provide informations for future directions on Korean apartment planning.