• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2005

목 적 : 체내에 축적된 철은 간에서 인슐린제거를 늦게 해 고인슐린혈증을 유발하며, 인슐린 작용을 저해시키고 이로 인해 당신생이 증가해 이차적으로 당뇨병을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 체내의 저장 철을 알 수 있는 가장 좋은 지표인 ferritin을 측정해 2형 당뇨병 발생과의 연관성을 조사하기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 연세의료원에서 진료받고 있는 1형 당뇨 환자군 36명, 2형 당뇨 환자군 8명, 내당능 장애군 18명을 대상으로 하였으며, 2004년 학교 신체 검사에서 정상 대조군 29명을 선정하여, ferritin과 기타 혈청학적 및 임상적 검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 정상대조군, 내당능 장애군, 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 평균 Log ferritin은 각각 $1.33{\pm}0.32$, $1.63{\pm}0.19$, $1.90{\pm}0.30$였으며 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군(P<0.01)과 2형 당뇨 환자군(P<0.01)에서 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 2) Log ferritin과 각 변수인자와의 상관관계는 체질량 지수(P<0.01), 수축기 혈압(P<0.01), 공복시 혈당(P<0.01), 공복시 인슐린(P<0.01)과 유의한 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 정상 대조군에 비해 내당능 장애군과 2형 당뇨 환자군에서 ferritin이 의미 있게 높았으며 ferritin의 증가는 인슐린 저항성과 2형 당뇨병 발생의 유발인자로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hour on the frequency of "red man syndrome", phlebitis and length of peripheral catheter placement of infected patients, in order to provide safe infusion method for reducing vancomycinin-duced RMS and phlebitis. The subjects of the study consisted of 16 hospitalized patients; 3 oncology and gastro-intestinal patients, 1 neurological patient, 6 thoracic surgical patients and 6 orthopedic patients, who had received vancomycin from July to October in 1999 at S-hospital. The dependent variables were the incidence of RMS, phlebitis and the length of peripheral catheter placement. The incidence of RMS was checked by an inspector at the first night whenever the infusion method of vancomycin was changed. RMS was observed every 15 minutes during an hour for symptoms of RMS such as itching, erythema, chest pain and systolic blood pressure. Incidence of phlebitis was assessed by inspector twice a day from the insertion of peripheral catheter to the removal of the catheter. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, $X^2$-test, t-test, repeated ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSSWIN program. The results are summarized as follows; 1. No significant difference was identified in frequency of RMS between the experimental group and control group. 2. There was no significant difference in the change of systolic blood pressure as the time goes on between the experimental group and control group. 3. The incidence of phlebitis was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The length of peripheral catheter placement was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group. 5. Other drugs administrated with vancomycin didn't influence the occurrence of phlebitis. However, the infusion method of vancomycin influenced the occurrence of phlebitis. The results suggest that 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours may decrease the incidence of phlebitis and increase the length of peripheral catheter placement compared to 1 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 100ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours. However, it does not reduce the incidence of RMS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1991

This study was directed to further clarify the effect of resting time or dietary condition for the improvement of exercise capacity and physical fitness, and the changes of some body consitiuents and physiological functions which are related to the exercise metabolism. Sixteen male students(8 athletes and 8 nonathletes)were participated during 3 weeks(Aug. 20-Sep.9, 1989). Each subject performed two treadmill running trials at an absolute intensity (1 mintute in 3.4mph/15% slope and 2 minutes in 5.5mph/20% slope). In the resting time trials, general diet was fed before 1, 2, 4 and 12 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. in the dietary condition trials, high carbohydrate(HC), high fat(HF) and high protein(HP) diet were fed before 2 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. Control trial was that of resting time before treadmill exercise loaded after 12 hours of general diet feeding. Measurement were made to study the change of blood glucose, palmitate, lactate, blood pressure and heart rate. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Mean daily metabolizable period. In resting time trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete from 2 hours group was similar to control group. The blood palmitate concentration of athlete was increased in 1 and 2 hours group but those of nonathlete was not only increased in 1 and2 hours group but was more increased in 12 hours group, compared with both control group. The blood lactate concentration was increased in all experimental group, compared with both control group and those of nonathlete was much higher than athlets. The elevation rate of blood pressure in pre-and after-exercise of athlete was lower than those of nonathlete. In dietary composition trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was higher than other diet groups. The blood lactate concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was lower than other diet groups. There was no remarkable change of the blood palmitate concentration and heart rate in each dietary composition trial, but those of nonathlete was low in HC and high in HP group. In above results, it was suggested that the effective condition of resting time and dietary composition for the improvement of exercise capacity of nonathlete may be 2 hours and HC diet, respectively. But it was showed that the exercise capacity of athlete may not be affected by experimental condition of resting time, except 1 hour after feeding or of dietary composition because of well adaptation in new exercise condition.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2003

Medetomidine (30 ug/kg IM) - tiletamine/zolazepam (10 mg/kg IV) 합제를 사용하여 마취한 잡종견(4.00$\pm$0.53kg) 12두에서 atipamezole의 심폐계 영향과 길항효과에 대하여 평가하였다. 4개의 실험군에 각각3두씩 임의로 배당하였다 (대조군: atipamezole 처치를 하지 않은 군, A30군: atipamezole 30 um/kg, A60: atipamezole 60 ug/kg, Al50: atipamezole 150 ug/kg). 모든 실험견은 medetomidine 투여 10분 전 atropine (0.03 mg/kg, IM)으로 전처치하였으며, medetomidine 투여 10분 후 tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ)를 투여하였다. TZ투여 15분 후 atipamezole을 정맥으로 투여하였다. 실험견이 머리를 들 때까지의 평균시간은 대조군 43.06$\pm$2.60분, A30군 43.06$\pm$2.60분, A60군 32.83$\pm$8.13분 Al50군 14.36$\pm$1.60분으로 대조군과 비교할 때 A150군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였으나 (P<0.05) 완전한 보행을 보일 때까지의 평균시간에는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 회복기에 보이는 두부의 진전, 과도한 유연, 근육 경련과 같은 부작용은 atipamezole치 용량이 증가할수록 심하게 나타났다. 12두의 실험견중 5두가 medetomidine투여 후 5분 이내에 구토를 하였다. 대조군에서 심박수는 TZ 투여 후 15분을 제외하고, 모든 측정시간대에서 유의성 있는 감소를 나타내었으며, 전 실험군에서 medetomidine 투여 10분 후. A30군에서 atipamezole투여 후 40분에 심박수의 유의성 있는 감소가 나타났다 (P<0.05). Al50군에서는 atipamezole투여 10분 후 심계 항진 및 호흡 항진이 나타났다. 대다수 실험견에서 동맥혈압은 medetomidine과 tiletamine/zolazepam 투여 후 유의성 있게 감소하였으나 (P< 0.05) A60군과 Al50군에서는 atipamezole투여 후 점차적으로 회복되었다. 혈액가스검사와 총 혈구계산치는 유의성 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았다 본 실험의 결과로 atipamezole 150 mg/kg은 MTZ 병용 마취견 각성에 뛰어난 효과를 나타낸다고 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1968

The appearance rates of antipyrine and urea into cerebrospinal fluid from blood were studied in the rabbits which were in the state of hypotension and of high permeability in the capillary beds following injection of histamine. The alteration in the distribution of electrolytes among various compartments of the brain and the permeability characteristics in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier were also observed. Adult male rabbits, weighing around 2 kg, were used. Twenty four rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Besides the control group, histamine treated rabbits were categorized into 2 groups. $H_1$ consisted of the rabbits showing moderate responses to histamine and ranging from 62 to 80 mmHg in their mean anterial blood pressure. The animals which belong to $H_2-group$ showed severe responses to histamine and the mean anterial blood pressures dropped to 30-50 mmHg. Animals were anesthetized with nembutal, 30mg/kg i.v. The mean arterial blood pressure was read by means of the mercury manometer connected to the femoral artery. The animals, treated with histamine, were kept in hypotensive state at least for 40 minutes before the administration of the test-substances. The test-substances, 300 mg of urea and 200 mg of antipyrine, were dissolved in 3 ml of distilled water and were injected into the ear vein of the rabbit. After 10 minutes elapsed arterial blood sample was taken from the femoral artery and cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna. Brain tissues were also analysed with respect to electrolytes in order to observe the disturbances in the electrolytes balance as well as in the function of the central nervous system. The results obtained were as follow: 1. The ratio of antipyrine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid to that of arterial blood plasma, that was the distribution ratio, was close to unity, revealing a well established equilibrium between the compartments of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in 10 minutes. In other words, there was no diffusion barrier with regard to antipyrine. The ratios over unity which were frequently seen in the histamine treated animals were attributable to the early penetration of the substance into the cerebrospinal fluid. 2. The appearance rates of urea into the cerebrospinal fluid in the histamine treated rabbits were higher in comparison with those of in the control animals. The increasing tendency in the rates was particularly remarkable in the $H_2-group$, showing the enhanced penetration of urea across the boondary. 3. In the htisamine treated $H_2-group$ the concentration of potassium in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid well exceeded the control values and showed 8.5 and 9.0 mEq/l in average, respectively. Simultaneous drops in the brain tissue water were noticed, suggesting the leakage of intracellular potassium. 4. There was a coincidence in the rising pattern of potassium in the blood plasma and in the cerebrospinal fluid of $H_2-group$ and at least partial removal of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier with respect to potassium was suggested in these animals. 5. The concentration of sodium in the blood plasma or in the cerebrospinal fluid showed no significant changes following histamine injection. However, sodium in the brain tissue revealed slight elevation in the histamine treated groups. 6. The ratios of the concentrations of potassium to those of sodium, [K]/[Na] in the brain tissues, were 1.92 in the control 1.82 in the $H_1$ and 1.52 in the $H_2-group$, respectively. The marked drop in the $H_2-group$ might represent neural dysfunction in the extremely hypotensive rabbits.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.728-739
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• 1998

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.500-512
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• 2000

연구배경 : 허탈된 폐를 recruit 할 수 있는 두 가지 방법의 효과를 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : New Zealand산 백색 토끼 15마리를 기계환기를 시행한 후 반복적인 식염수 세척(20 ml/kg)으로 급성폐손상을 유도하였고($PaO_5$ < 100 mmHg, $FIO_2$ 1.0) 압력-용적 곡선을 구하여 Pflex를 얻었다. 토끼들을 3군으로 나누어 통일한 설정에서 4시간동안 기계환기를 시행하였는데 대조군(n=5)은 PEEP올 Pflex보다 3 mmHg 낮게 유지하였으며, Recruitment maneuver(RM)군(n=5)은 PEEP은 대조군과 동일하게 유지하면서 15분마다 continuous positive airway pressure를 22.5 mmHg의 압력으로 45초 동안 지속시켰으며, Pflex군(n=5)은 RM 없이 PEEP을 Pflex 수준으로 유지하였다. 각 군에서 동맥혈가스검사, 폐역학, 혈역학적인 지표들을 측정하였고 병리학적 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1. 대조군과 RM군에서는 $PaO_2$가 점진적으로 감소하는 경향올 보여 4시간에는 $PaO_2$가 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05 vs 1hr). 그러나 Pflex군에서는 다른 군에서 보였던 $PaO_2$의 감소는 관찰되지 않아 3시간과 4시간에서는 다른 군과 비교하여 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). $PaO_2$는 세군간 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. 폐유순도나 고명부압도 세 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 혈압이나 맥박수도 세 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 폐조직검사에서는 Pflex군의 호중구 침윤 점수가 $1.4{\pm}0.8$점으로 대조군의 $2.5{\pm}0.5$점에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). Hyaline membrane점수도 대조군, RM군, Pflex군 순으로 낮은 경향올 보였다(p=0.0532). 결 론 : 결론적으로 손상된 폐를 recruit시키는 것은 VILI를 줄일 수 있는 유용한 방법이다. VILI를 최소화하기 위해서는 recruitment maneuver만으로는 부족하며 derecruit를 방지하기 위한 적절한 전략이 중요할 것으로 사료되며 앞으로 이에 대한 연구가 더 필요하리라 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1981

Ethanol 투여(投與) 용량(容量)에 따른 혈압(血壓)과 신기능(腎機能)의 변화(變化)를 알아보고자 흰쥐의 복부대동맥(腹部大動脈)에 catheter 를 삽입(揷入)하고 그 다른 끝을 목뒤로 끌어낸 후(後) 1주일(週日)이상 수술(手術)에서 회복(恢復)시킨 다음 실험(實驗)에 사용(使用)하였다. 실험직전(實驗直前)에 방광(膀胱)을 비운 뒤 metabolism cage에 넣어 안정(安靜)시킨 후(後) 60분(分)에 복부대동맥(腹部大動脈)의 catheter를 통(通)하여 평균동맥혈압(平均動脈血壓)(MAP)을 직접(直接) 측정(測定)하고 동맥혈액(動脈血液)과 뇨(尿)를 채취(採取)하였다. 곧 이어 ethanol 은 10 g% (저농도(低濃度)), 또는 30 g% (고농도(高濃度)) 용액(溶液)을, 대조실험(對照實驗)으로는 물을, 체중(體重) 100 g 당(當) 1 ml 씩 각각(各各) 경구(經口) 투여(投與)하였다. 용액투여후(溶液投與後) 3시간(時間)동안 MAP를 측정(測定)하고, 혈액(血液)은 매(每) 시간(時間)마다, 뇨(尿)는 90분(分) 간격(間隔)으로 채취(採取)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 혈중(血中) ethanol 농도(濃度)는 ethanol 투여후(投與後) 1시간(時間)에 최고치(最高値)를 나타내고 (저농도(低濃度); $105.0{\pm}7.5,$ 고농도(高濃度); $214.7{\pm}20.2\;mg%$), 그후 직선적(直線的)으로 감소(減少)하였다. MAP는 물투여군(投與群)에서는 변화(變化)가 없었으나 ethanol 투여군(投與群)에서는 15분(分)부터 감소(減少)하기 시작(始作)하여 3시간(時間)동안 계속유의(繼續有意)하게 감소(減少)된 상웅(狀熊)를 나타내었다. 뇨량(尿量)은 ethanol 투여군(投與群)에서는 90분(分)동안에 유의(有意)한 증가(增加)를 보여주었고 (저농도(低濃度); $0.88{\pm}0.20{\rightarrow}1.04{\pm}0.22,$ 고농도(高濃度); $0.56{\pm}0.11{\rightarrow}1.35{\pm}0.18\;ml/1.5\;hr$), 180분(分)동안에는 뇨량(尿量)이 ethanol 투여전(投與前)보다 더 낮았다(저농도(低濃度); $0.25{\pm}0.06$, 고농도(高濃度); $0.22{\pm}0.06\;ml/1.5\;hr$). 물투여군(投與群)에서는 뇨량(尿量)이 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)하였다$(0.88{\pm}0.10{\rightarrow}0.59{\pm}0.09{\rightarrow}0.45{\pm}0.09\;ml/1.5\;hr)$. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)는 ethanol의 혈중농도(血中濃度)가 높을수록 더 심(甚)한 혈압강하작용(血壓降下作用)을 나타내며, ethanol 로 인(因)한 이뇨작용(利尿作用)도 ethanol 량(量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 뇨량(尿量)도 증가(增加)함을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 1993

대구시내 1개 국민학교 4학년 284명(남아 144명, 여아 140명)을 대상으로, 1992년 5월에 일반적인 특성을 조사하였고, 체격, 체지방 및 혈압을 측정하였으며, 혈액의 생화학적 검사를 실시하여 혈압과 관련된 요인을 분석하였다. 대상자의 평균 수축기 혈압은 103.5mmHg였으며, 남아가 104.1mmHg, 여아가 102.9mmHg로 남아가 약간 높게 나타났으며, 평균 확장기 혈압은 67.1mmHg이고, 남아가 66.6mmHg, 여아가 67.5mmHg로 여아가 약간 높았다. 수축기 및 확장기 혈압을 종속변수로 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 총단백질, 요산, 혈당, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, 체지방 비율, 체지방 무게 및 제지방체중을 독립변수로 하여 상관관계와 중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 수축기 및 확장기혈압과 독립변수들과의 상관관계를 성별에 따라 분석한 결과 남아의 수축기혈압은 신장, 체중, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, 제지방 체중, 체지방 무게 및 중성지방과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.01). 여아의 수축기혈압은 신장, 체중, 제지방체중 및 요산과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.01). 남아의 확장기혈압은 체중, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수 및 제지방체중과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.01). 여아의 확장기혈압은 체중, 제지방체중(p<0.01), 신장, 체지방무게 및 총단백질(p<0.05)과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 한 중회귀분석에서 남아는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수와 sodium이 유의한 변수였고, 여아는 요산, R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수 및 체지방 비율이 유의한 변수였다. 확장기 혈압에서 남아는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수가 유의한 변수였고, 여아는 총단백질이 유의한 변수였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 소아의 혈압에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수, sodium, 요산, 총단백질 및 체지방 비율 이었고, 그 중 R$\ddot{o}$hrer지수가 가장 중요한 요인으로 인정되었다. 따라서 고혈압 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 비만, 식이 및 이와 관련된 생활양식의 개선과 이에 대한 보건교육이 요망된다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.265-269
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• 2006

파랑에 의한 선박의 횡동요를 방지하는 감요장치는 크게 수동식과 능동식 으로 분류할 수 있으며 수동형 감요수조는 선박에서 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 감요장치의 하부덕트유동에 관한 기초연구로서 덕트의 제어 댐퍼와 유입부의 유통에 대해 입자영상 유속측정장치를 이용하여 속도벡터분포에 관한 정량적인 데이터를 확보하였다. 그 결과 실험관 벽면에서 측정 된 압력의 분포는 디스크가 전개 상태인 0 도에서 45도까지는 입구 압력은 일정한 상태로 거의 변화하지 않았으나 약 60도 이상에서부터 압력 상승과 점차 급격한 변동현상이 나타났다.