• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.45-68
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manual and electroacupuncture on glaucoma. Method : We searched 11 electronic databases using index words to identify randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis of weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to evaluate the outcomes. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each clinical study. The collected data was analyzed using RevMan software (ver. 5.3). Results : At the initial stage of data retrieval, 549 papers were searched. After reviewing 37 full texts, a total of 10 RCT studies (426patients, 715 eyes) were selected and 8 RCT studies (357 people, 617 eyes) were involved in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of 8 RCTs showed that acupuncture alone was more effective in reducing intraocular pressure(IOP) than conventional treatment (WMD = -5.73, 95% CI: [-12.30, 0.83], P = 0.09, I² = 97%) The combination of acupuncture or electroacupuncture with conventional treatment was also effective in lowering IOP (WMD = -1.84, 95% CI: [-2.31, -1.37], P <0.00001, I² = 45%). It was estimated that the combination of acupuncture with conventional treatment was also effective for improving visual field (VF) (WMD = -2.17, 95% CI: [-4.32, -0.02], P = 0.05, I² = 89%) but improvement in visual acuity (VA) was not significant (MD = 0.06, 95% CI: [-0.03, 0.15], P = 0.23, I² = 0%). Subgroup analyzes were performed only for the studies that used open glaucoma as the study's disease and combination of acupuncture or electroacupuncture with conventional therapy would have an effect on lowering intraocular pressure (WMD = -1.68)., 95% CI: [-2.46, -0.90], P <0.0001, I² = 29%). Conclusion : This study suggests that acupuncture treatment for glaucoma may be effective in reducing intraocular pressure and helpful in improving visual field defects. However, due to the small sample size, high risk of bias and high heterogeneity in the methodology, it is expected that further studies will be needed to verify the results. Further studies in large-scale samples based on a minimized biased methodology would be necessary.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.205-212
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• 1998

In this study, the effects of water vapor in inlet air on combustion efficiency, general performance, knock characteristics and emission gas concentration were investig- ated through the experiments of combustion and vibration analyses, emission gas analysis by changing water vapor quantity in inlet air with temperature and humidity auto control unit. With partial vapor pressure increase, the brake torque at wide open throttle status decreased and the average ignition delay angle increased, IMEP (indicated mean effective pressured using the integral and 3rd derivatives of filtered cylinder pressure as knock intensity, which matched well with the method of frequency power spectrum of block vibration signal. Water vapor in intake air had influence on the spark knock sensitivity. With the increase of water vapor content in intake air NOx emission was decreased and HC emission was increased.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1648-1660
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• 2004

The suction nozzle of a vacuum cleaner was modified to enhance the power performance and to reduce the airflow-induced acoustic noise. The suction power efficiencies of the vacuum cleaner were measured for various nozzles; (1) original nozzle, (2) original nozzle with modified trench height, (3) original nozzle with modified connecting chamber, and (4) a combination of (2) and (3). In addition, the suction pressure and sound pressure level around the suction nozzle were measured to validate the reduction of acoustic noise. The power efficiency and mean suction pressure increased when the trench height of the suction nozzle was increased. This was attributed to the suppression of the flow separation in the suction channel. Modification of the connecting chamber in the original nozzle, which had an abrupt contraction from a rectangular chamber into a circular pipe, into a smooth converging contraction substantially improved the suction flow into the connecting pipe. When both modifications were applied simultaneously, the resulting suction nozzle was more effective from the viewpoints of aerodynamic power increase and sound pressure level reduction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.148-164
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• 1996

The effect of circumvaginal muscle(CVM) exercises to improve sexual function in married women has not been investigated by currently acceptable research methods, nor have appropriate instruments and techniques to carry out such investigation been available. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of CVM exercise on sexual function, and of measuring CVM function after CVM exercises. The research tools used were a modified Derogates Sexual Function Inventory questionnaire and a pressure sensitive intravaginal balloon device. This research was conducted in Kwangju-city and Chonnam province, Korea from July, 1994 to July, 1995. The research used a non-equivalent control pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Forty-five healthy married female volunteers, aged 30-58, and were randomly assigned by age using the matching fixed-length blocks to two groups. The experimental group consisted of 21 women who were assigned a 25-minute per day CVM home exercise program for six weeks. The control group of 24 women did not do the CVM home exercises. The CVM home exercise was developed by Dougherty(1989a) and adopted to Korea by Lee (1993). Data were analyzed by $x^{2-}$test, Paired t-test, Spearman product-moment correlation using SAS /P $C^+. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects between the experimental and control groups before the CVM home exercises. 2. Hypothesis 1 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher mean scores on the sexual function(SF) than in those who did not participate in home exercise was supported. 3. Hypothesis 2 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher vaginal pressure on SF than in those who did not participate in home exercises was supported (mean maximum pressure, t＝－7.338, P＜.0001, peak maximum pressure, t＝－11.164, P＜.0001). 4. Hypothesis 3 that the more often(number of days) and the more frequent (numbers of time per day) that married women do CVM home exercise, the higher their mean scores on SF and vaginal pressures was supported（r＝0.233, P＜.01 ; r＝0.352, P＜.05）. A six week CVM home exercise program using a tape recording showed that SF can be improved. Results of this study showed that married women who exercise on a regular basis for six weeks improve their sexual function and increase the mean vaginal pressure and peak maximum pressure (tested by electronic monitor). In conclusion, CVM exercise is effective in increasing SF.SF.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.594-605
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to collect fundamental data for adult female health improvement based on urban adult female obesity and cardiopulmonary function. Surveyed were 859 adult females who visited a health improvement center in D district in Seoul between April, 1999, and December, 1999, and the resulting data are as follows: 1. The adult female mean BMI was $23.97{\pm}3.11kgm^2$, which comes within the range of overweight. Among them, BMI of the females aged 41-60, and over 60, were significantly higher. Mean percentage of body fat was $32.07{\pm}4.63$, and it significantly increased in accordance with age, recording the highest among those aged over 60. 2. The systolic blood pressure significantly increased in accordance with age, recording highest among those aged over 60. Those aged 41-60 and over 60 showed significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than those in their 20s and 30s; however, they had a significantly lower heart rate. Vital capacity and maximum oxygen intake significantly decreased in accordance with age, and those aged over 60 were lowest. 3. As to health perception, 20.6% of the subjects perceived themselves as healthy, and those who perceived themselves as unhealthy showed significantly higher BMI than those who perceived themselves to be of moderate health. 4. There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate and maximum oxygen intake in accordance with health perception, but those who perceived themselves as healthy showed significantly higher vital capacity than those who didn't. 5. As to cardiopulmonary function in accordance with obesity, the obese group showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure than those whose weight was normal to overweight. The diastolic blood pressure of the normal weight group was the lowest, while the obese group showed significantly lower vital capacity and maximum oxygen intake. These findings indicate that the womens' health promotion program must include an effective strategy for preventing obesity, and strengthening cardiopulmonary function.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.738-743
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• 2000

Objectives : The less invasive stereotactic surgery of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma has been preferred. Many techniques were developed to facilitate aspiration of a dense blood clot in acute stage. Authors describe a method for evacuation of putaminal hematoma via computerized tomography(CT)-aided free-hand stereotactic infusion of urokinase and frequent negative pressure aspiration. Patients and Methods : A total of ten patients with spontaneous putaminal hematoma underwent surgery with negative pressure aspiration in the three-year period. All procedures were performed within 12 hours of insult. A silicone ventricular catheter was inserted into the center of hematoma through a burr hole at the Kocher's point under local anesthesia. In a typical case of putaminal hematoma, the trajectory of catheter was pointed the center of hematoma parallel to sagittal plane vertically and the external auditory meatus posteriorly. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration low-dose urokinase solution(2,000IU/5ml saline) was administrated through the catheter and drain was clipped for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the partially liquified hematoma was manually aspirated using a 10ml syringe with a negative pressure of less than 2 to 3ml. The procedure was carefully repeated every 1 hour until the hematoma was near totally evacuated. Results : The patients population consisted composed of 4 men and 6 women with a mean age of 61.6 years. All had major neurological deficits preoperatively. The mean hematoma volume was 44.3 ml and hematoma was drained for 20 to 48 hours. No complications such as rebleeding, meningitis, or malplaced catheter were noted. Outcome was moderately disabled in four patients and good recovery in three patients. Conclusion : Although the frequent negative pressure aspiration and low-dose urokinase infusion has the disadvantage of possbility of rebleeding and infection, it is consisdered to be an effective method because it allows a simple, safe, and complete removal of hematoma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.730-739
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• 2010

Stress history increases in penetration resistance due to the increase in residual horizontal stress of granular soil. This study analyzes the effect of stress history on the results of CPT and DMT from calibration chamber specimen in OC as well as NC state. Test results show that the normalized cone resistance by mean effective stress correlates well with the relative density and the state parameter, whereas the normalized cone resistance with regard to vertical effective stress is a little affected by stress history. The horizontal stress index($K_D$) in DMT more reflects the influence of stress history on granular soil than the dilatometer modulus($E_D$) and cone resistance($q_c$). The $K_D/K_0$, in which the effect of stress history on $K_D$ is compensated by the at-rest coefficient of earth pressure, $K_0$, is related to relative density, state parameter and the normalized cone resistance by mean effective stress. It is also observed that the normalized dilatometer modulus by mean effective stress($E_D/{\sigma_m}'$) is unique correlated with the state parameter, regardless of stress history.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

Background: Systemic or intrathecal administration of gabapentin has been shown to reverse various pain states. However, until now, the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) gabapentin to noxious stimuli has not been reported. The authors' aim of this study was to determine the effect of ICV gabapentin on the inflammatory nociceptive model, formalin test, in rats. Methods: ICV catheters were implanted under halothane anesthesia. For the nociceptive test, $50{\mu}l$ of 5% formalin was subcutaneously injected into the hindpaw. The effect of ICV gabapentin, administered 10 min before formalin injection, were examined on flinching, mean arterial pressure and heart rate evoked by a injection of formalin. Results: Injection of formalin into the paw resulted in a biphasic flinching and cardiovascular response. ICV gabapentin produced a dose-dependent suppression of the flinching and mean arterial pressure response during phase 1. In contrast, in phase 2, ICV gabapentin did not attenuate the pain behavior. ICV gabapentin did not affect on the baseline mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Conclusions: ICV gbapentin was effective for the acute noxious stimulus but it had no effect on the facilitated states induced by tissue injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.492-496
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• 2011

Objective : Direct revascularization surgery is regarded as the most effective method of treatment of adults with moyamoya disease. These patients, however, have a higher risk of perioperative ischemic complications than do patients with atherosclerotic stroke, and are at risk for ischemic complications in the hemisphere contralateral to the one operated on. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for ischemic stroke in the contralateral hemisphere after surgical treatment of adults with moyamoya disease. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and results of neuroimaging studies on 79 hemispheres of 73 consecutive patients with adult moyamoya disease ($mean{\pm}SD$ age, $37.96{\pm}11.27$ years; range, 18-62 years) who underwent direct bypass surgery over 6 years. Results : Ischemic complications occurred in 4 of 79 (5.1%) contralateral hemispheres, one with Suzuki stage 3 and three with Suzuki stage 4. Three patients showed posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement by moyamoya vessels. Advanced stage of moyamoya disease (Suzuki stages 4/5/6; $p$=0.001), PCA involvement ($p$=0.001) and postoperative hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <80% of preoperative mean arterial blood pressure) on the first ($p$<0.0001) and second ($p$=0.003) days after surgery were significantly correlated with postoperative contralateral ischemic complications. Conclusion : In patients with advanced moyamoya disease and involvement of the PCA, intentional hypotension can result in ischemic stroke in the hemisphere contralateral to the one operated on. Careful control of perioperative blood pressure is crucial for good surgical results.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

This study examined the effects of the abdominal drawing-in (ADI) maneuver using a pressure biofeedback on muscle recruitment pattern of erector spinae and hip extensors and anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in the prone position. Fourteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. The muscle onset time of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and medial hamstring and angle of anterior pelvic tilt during hip extension in prone position were measured in two conditions: ADI maneuver condition and non-ADI maneuver condition. Muscle onset time was measured using a surface electromyography (EMG). Kinematic data for angle of anterior pelvic tilt were measured using a motion analysis system. The muscle onset time and angle of anterior pelvic tilt were compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that in ADI maneuver during hip extension in prone position, the muscle onset time for the erector spinae was delayed significantly by a mean of 43.20 ms (SD 43.12), and the onset time for the gluteus maximus preceded significantly by a mean of -4.83 ms (SD 14.10) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (p<.05). The angle of anterior pelvic tilt was significantly lower in the ADI maneuver condition by a mean of 7.03 degrees (SD 2.59) compared to non-ADI maneuver condition (15.01 degrees) (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that prone hip extension with the ADI maneuver was an effective method to recruit the gluteus maximus earlier than erector spinae and to decrease anterior pelvic tilting.