• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.830-841
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• 2000

We extend the sue of the method of least square to develop a recursive algorithm for the design of adaptive transversal filters such that, given the least-square estimate of this vector of the filter at iteration n-1, we may compute the updated estimate of this vector at iteration a upon the arrival of new data. We begin the development of the RLS algorithm by reviewing some basic relations that pertain to the method of least squares. Then, by exploiting a relation in matrix algebra known as the matrix inversion lemma, we develop the RLS algorithm. An important feature of the RLS algorithm is that it utilizes information contained in the input data, extending back to the instant of time when the algorithm is initiated. In this paper, we propose new tap weight updated RLS algorithm in adaptive transversal filter with data-recycling buffer structure. We prove that convergence speed of learning curve of RLS algorithm with data-recycling buffer is faster than it of exiting RL algorithm to mean square error versus iteration number. Also the resulting rate of convergence is typically an order of magnitude faster than the simple LMS algorithm. We show that the number of desired sample is portion to increase to converge the specified value from the three dimension simulation result of mean square error according to the degree of channel amplitude distortion and data-recycle buffer number. This improvement of convergence character in performance, is achieved at the (B+1)times of convergence speed of mean square error increase in data recycle buffer number with new proposed RLS algorithm.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of T1 high signal intensity on the globus pallidus as a predictor of severe hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is a distinct syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction including cerebral failure. Materials and Methods: From January 2002 to April 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) features of 74 consecutive patients (44 men and 30 women; mean age, 59.5 years) with liver cirrhosis. The chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment score was used to diagnose ACLF. The pallidal index (PI), calculated by dividing the mean signal intensity of the globus pallidus by that of the subcortical frontal white matter were compared according to ACLF. The PI was compared with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in predicting the development of ACLF. Results: Fifteen patients who were diagnosed with ACLF had higher hepatic encephalopathy grades (initial, P = 0.024; follow-up, P = 0.002), MELD scores (P < 0.001), and PI (P = 0.048). In the ACLF group, the mean PI in patients with cerebral failure was significantly higher than that in the patients without cerebral failure (1.33 vs. 1.20, P = 0.039). In patients with ACLF, the area under the curve (AUC) for PI was 0.680 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.52-0.85), which was significantly lower than that for the MELD score (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) (P = 0.04). Conclusion: The PI can be an ancillary biomarker for predicting the development of ACLF and severe hepatic encephalopathy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.2037-2041
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• 2015

Background: Relationships between poor prognosis of ovarian malignancies and changes in complete blood count parameters have been proposed previously. In this work, we aimed to evaluate clinicopathologic features in adolescents with adnexal masses and sought to establish any predictive value of the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 196 adolescent females with adnexal masses. Three groups were constituted with respect to clinical or histopathology results: group 1, non-neoplastic patients (n:65); group 2, neoplastic patients (n:68); and group 3 expectantly managed patients (n:63). The main parameters recorded from the hospital database and patient files were age, body mass index (BMI), chief symptoms, diameter of the mass (DOM), tumor marker levels, complete blood count values including absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platecrit, surgical features, and postoperative histopathology results. Results: The expectantly managed patients were younger than the other groups (p=0.007). The mean body mass index (BMI) was higher in the neoplastic group (p=0.016). Preoperative DOM, CA125, mean platelet volume and PLR were statistically significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that increased PLR (AUC, 0.609; p=0.011) and BMI (AUC, 0.611; p=0.011) may be discriminative factors in predicting ovarian neoplasms in adolescents preoperatively. When the cut-off point for the PLR level was set to 140, the sensitivity and specificity levels were found to be 65.7% and 57.6%, respectively. Conclusions: We suggest that beside a careful preoperative evaluation including clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic features and tumor markers, PLR may predict ovarian neoplasms in adolescents.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.43-53
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• 1982

여성의 난소기능은 뇨중 Oestrone-3-glucuronide를 간편한 solid-phase 의 화학발광성 면역학적 측정법 (Chemiluminescence Imrnunoassay(CIA) 에 의하여 그 기능이 탐지될 수 있다. Oestrone-3-g1ucuronyl-6-bovine serum albumine에 대한 antiserum의 IgG fraction은 polystyrene 실험관벽에 흡착시켰으며, 항원으로서는 est r one-3- gl ucuronyI-6-aminoethyl-ethyl-isoluminol 을 항원 (antigen) 에 labeI 시킨 것이다. 시험 대상물인 뇨는 매일아침뇨(early morning urine) 을 희석 (1:1000 V/V)한 후 100mcl 를 취하여 이를 각기 이중분석액으로 택하였다. 시험관 내에서 결합반응 (1 hour at $4^{\circ}C)이 일어난 후에는 시험관내의 액체를 전부 흡입 폐기시켰으며, 항체반응이 일어난 후 ( antibody-bound fraction )에는 완충액 (400mcl)으로 한번 세척시켰다. 그후 염화수산화물(2N , 200mcl)을 가지고 $22^{\circ}C$에 60 분간 방치 혼합케 한 후 효소(microperoxidase) 와 과산화수소를 가하면서 산화작용에서 발생되는 발광양을 10초동안 측정하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 위에 기술한 분석방법을 평가하면 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Calibration curve sensitivity$3.12{\pm}0.75$ PG/tube ($mean{\pm}SD$)였고, lntra-assay precision(CV%) 9.52 (20 replicates;$38.4{\pm}3.66$nmol/1) 와 8.81 (15 replicates; $102.4{\pm}8.82$nmol/1)였다. Inter-assay precision(CV%) 은 11.9 (mean of 4 pools-7.03, 23.16, 52.11 과 117.53 nmol/1)로 2개월 동안에 걸쳐 시행되었고, 평균 비이어스(mean bias)는 -0.78 로 28에서 448 nmol 범위로서 매일아침 "뇨"의 차이분(different aliquots)은 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 건강한 여성으로부터 채취된 뇨중 Oestrone-3-glucuronide 의 농도(nmol/1)를 보면 월경주기의 여포기와 배난기 및 황체기에 있어서 각기 $40.2{\pm}9.9$ , $102.3{\pm}39.4$와 $84.3{\pm}13.3$nmol/1였다. 이와같은 결과는 동일한 검사뇨를 방사면역학적 방법(RIA)으로 측정 (6 menstrual cycle)한 결과와 유사한 측정치를 얻으므로서 간편하고 진보된 좋은 방법중의 하나라고 사료되는바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1991

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with adjunctive oral litholytic therapy has proven to be a useful treatment in selected patients with gallbladder stones. To study the effect of ESWL on gallbladder dynamics, $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ hepatobiliary scintigraphy was done for 25 patients with symptomatic gallstones and 10 normal controls. Of these 25 patients, 15 were treated with ESWL and adjunctive oral litholytic agents (ESWL group) and 10 were treated only with oral litholytic agents (UDCA group). After overnight fast and gallbladder visualization on a routine hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 7mCi of $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$, subjects were given fatty meal and imaged with a gamma camera interfaced to a computer (1 frame/minute for 70 minutes). A gallbladder time-activity curve was generated and latent period (LP), ejection period (EP), ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER) were calculated. ESWL group were studied before, 1day after and 2weeks after ESWL, and WDCA group were studied before and 2weeks after starting oral medication. Mean basal EF was significantly reduced in patients but other parameters were not reduced. In ESWL group, mean EF and mean ER at lday after ESWL were reduced. In 3 of them, gallbladder was not visualized at all. Two weeks after ESWL, however, all parameters were recoverd to basal level. In UDCA group, all parameters were not changed significantly during medication. We can conclude that ESWL has such immediate adverse effect on gallbladder dynamics as reducing contractility and nonvisualization of gallbladder but it has no long-term effect.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2016

Background: We evaluated the drug interaction profile of Red Ginseng (RG) with respect to the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in healthy Korean volunteers. Methods: This article describes an open-label, crossover study. CYP probe cocktail drugs, caffeine, losartan, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, midazolam, and fexofenadine were administered before and after RG supplementation for 2 wk. Plasma samples were collected, and tolerability was assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the parameters were determined from logarithmically transformed data using analysis of variance after RG administration versus before RG administration. Results: Fourteen healthy male participants were evaluated, none of whom were genetically defined as poor CYP2C9, 2C19, and CYP2D6 metabolizers based on genotyping. Before and after RG administration, the geometric least-square mean metabolic ratio (90% CI) was 0.870 (0.805-0.940) for caffeine to paraxanthine (CYP1A2), 0.871 (0.800-0.947) for losartan (CYP2C9) to EXP3174, 1.027 (0.938-1.123) for omeprazole (CYP2C19) to 5-hydroxyomeprazole, 1.373 (0.864-2.180) for dextromethorphan to dextrorphan (CYP2D6), and 0.824 (0.658-1.032) for midazolam (CYP3A4) to 1-hydroxymidazolam. The geometric mean ratio of the area under the curve of the last sampling time ($AUC_{last}$) for fexofenadine (P-gp) was 0.963 (0.845-1.098). Administration of concentrated RG for 2 wk weakly inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and weakly induced CYP2D6. However, no clinically significant drug interactions were observed between RG and CYP and P-gp probe substrates. Conclusion: RG has no relevant potential to cause CYP enzyme- or P-gp-related interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2013

Effects of Weibull shape parameter, k, on capacity factors of wind turbines were investigated. Wind distributions with mean wind speeds of 5 m/s, 6 m/s, 7 m/s and 8 m/s were simulated and used to estimate the annual energy productions and capacity factors of a 2MW wind turbine for various Weibull shape parameters. It was found from the study that the capacity factors of wind turbines are much affected by Weibull shape parameters. When the annual mean wind speed at the hub height of a wind turbine was about 7 m/s, and the air density was assumed to be 1.225 $kg/m^3$, the maximum capacity factor of a 2 MW wind turbine having a rated wind speed of 13 m/s was found to occur with the shape parameter of 2. It was also found that as the mean wind speed increased, the Weibull k parameter which yielded the maximum capacity factor increased. The simulated results were also validated by predictions of capacity factors of wind turbines using wind data measured in complex terrain.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to investigate the potential for environmentally friendly cultivation of cv. Haryeong, which was bred by the National Institute of Highland Agriculture in 2006, through evaluation of the late blight field resistance at the farmer's practices level. cv. Haryeong showed higher field resistance to late blight as 590.3 in mean Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) during the cultivation period than cv. Superior as 1377.7 in AUDPC. However there was no observed different trend among the experimental treatments. Mean of tuber yield of cvs. Haryeong and Superior were 2,870 kg/10a and 2,301 kg/10a, respectively, and in all experimental treatments Haryeong was 25% higher than those of Superior. Mean of dry matter content of Haryeong and Superior were 18.1% and 16.1%, respectively, and there were no significant differences among the experimental treatments. cv. Haryeong was confirmed as a suitable cultivar for environmentally friendly cultivation in this experiment. In the future, additional research on fertilization and disease management will be required.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.8
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• 2022

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a genomic aberration. In some cases, LOH can be generated without changing the copy number, which is called copy-neutral LOH (CN-LOH). CN-LOH frequently occurs in various human diseases, including cancer. However, the biological and clinical implications of CN-LOH for human diseases have not been well studied. In this study, we compared the performance of CN-LOH determination using three commonly used tools. For an objective comparison, we analyzed CN-LOH profiles from single-nucleotide polymorphism array data from 10 colon adenocarcinoma patients, which were used as the reference for comparison with the CN-LOHs obtained through whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of the same patients using three different analysis tools (FACETS, Nexus, and Sequenza). The majority of the CN-LOHs identified from the WES data were consistent with the reference data. However, some of the CN-LOHs identified from the WES data were not consistent between the three tools, and the consistency with the reference CN-LOH profile was also different. The Jaccard index of the CN-LOHs using FACETS (0.84 ± 0.29; mean value, 0.73) was significantly higher than that of Nexus (0.55 ± 0.29; mean value, 0.50; p = 0.02) or Sequenza (0 ± 0.41; mean value, 0.34; p = 0.04). FACETS showed the highest area under the curve value. Taken together, of the three CN-LOH analysis tools, FACETS showed the best performance in identifying CN-LOHs from The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma WES data. Our results will be helpful in exploring the biological or clinical implications of CN-LOH for human diseases.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.