• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences between intake and output balance and body weight changes and to identify factors related to differences in critically ill patients. Methods: The participants for this descriptive correlational study were 65 medical surgical ICU patients. The data were collected from patient medical records. Results: Mean age of the patients was 63.80 years (${\pm}15.21$). Body weight changes for 48 hours averaged 281.54g (${\pm}2210.48$). I&O balance for 48 hours corrected for insensible loss averaged 398.1ml. Differences ranged from 45mL to 7,535mL. In the distribution of absolute difference between body weight change and intake and output balance, only 40% of the patients were within less than 1,000 mL. Factors relating to accurate measure of intake and output were ventilation methods, respiration patterns, and edema status. Conclusion: Although mean values of weight change and I&O balance for all patients were very close, the range of differences was very wide indicating that, for many patients, intake and output is not an appropriate indicator of body fluid balance. Therefore, because of the frequency fever and/or hyperventilation, nurses need to use caution when using intake and output balance only to estimate current body fluid status for critically ill patients.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.84-93
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 디지털 신호처리기법을 기초로 한 열처리된 스테인레스 스틸의 그레인 크기에 대한 결정 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법은 여러 개의 특징 파라메터들, 차분절대평균값, 분산, 평균주파수, 자귀회귀모델계수 그리고, 선형켑스트럼 계수를 이용하여 증거축적방법을 통해 수행한다. 각각의 특징파라메터는 열처리된 금속에 초음파를 발사하여 돌아온 반사신호를 가지고 추출된다. 실험 결과로서 몇 개의 특징파라메터만 가지고는 열처리된 금속의 그레인 크기를 정확하게 결정할 수 없음을 확인하였다. 열처리된 금속의 그레인 크기에 대한 결정은 기준 파라메터로부터 측정한 거리를 이용한 증거축적방법을 사용하였으며, 퍼지매핑함수를 도입하여 이를 응용하였다. 본 논문의 실험을 위해 다양한 그레인 크기를 가진 열처리된 스테인레스 스틸 금속을 사용하였으며, 이러한 실험결과로부터 본 논문에서 제안한 방법이 지금까지 발표된 그레인 크기 결정방법보다 효과적임을 입증하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.190-204
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate for its effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered rhEGF at doses of 1, 10, 100, and 1000$\mu$g/kg/day, respective1y, by subcutaneous injection from 63 days before and throughout to mating period until the day before sacrifice. Female rats were administered rhEGF at the same doses from 14 days before mating to day 20 of gestation or to day 21 of lactation. We examined the male and female fertility indices and maternal toxicity of F0 parental animals. Also, we examined the external, visceral, or skeletal malformation of fetuses, growth and development, behavior, and/or reproductive performance of F1 animals. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), the mean body weights of F0 animals were significantly increased in males and females at 3 or 2 weeks after treatment, respective1y. No clinical signs and food intakes were observed at any time during the experimental period by rhEGF treatment. In autopsy examination, the relative and absolute liver weights significantly increased in both sexes of 1,000 $\mu$g/kg. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), there was a statistically significant increase of pregnancy period and the number of dead fetuses. Moreover, significant increase of mean fetal body weight and decrease of number of live fetuses, which related to the difficult dilivery were observed in highest dose group. In Fl examination, no adverse effects on external, visceral, and skeletal malformation, physical and functional development, behavior or reproductive ability of Fl animals were observed in any group. Also, there was no significant difference between control and treated groups in copulation or fertility indices of Fl animals. These results indicate that rhEGF had no adverse effect on fertility and reproductive ability of Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2022

In this paper, we aimed to examine the flowering dates of cherry blossom and the peak dates of maple leaves in South Korea, by the combination of temperature observation data from ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The more recent years, the faster the flowering dates and the slower the peak dates. This is because of the impacts of climate change with the increase of air temperature in South Korea. By reflecting the climate change, our statistical models could reasonably predict the plant phenology with the CC (Correlation Coefficient) of 0.870 and the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 3.3 days for the flowering dates of cherry blossom, and the CC of 0.805 and the MAE of 3.8 for the peak dates of maple leaves. We could suppose a linear relationship between the plant phenology DOY (day of year) and the environmental factors like temperature and NDVI, which should be inspected in more detail. We found that the flowering date of cherry blossom was closely related to the monthly mean temperature of February and March, and the peak date of maple leaves was much associated with the accumulated temperature. Amore sophisticated future work will be required to examine the plant phenology using higher-resolution satellite images and additional meteorological variables like the diurnal temperature range sensitive to plant phenology. Using meteorological grid can help produce the spatially continuous raster maps for plant phenology.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2022

최근 지하 안전에 관한 다양한 이슈들로 인해 지하공간 또는 지하시설물의 관리 필요성이 대두대고 있어 지하공간 통합지도 활용이 필요한 실정이다. 지하공간통합지도는 지하공간개발 및 지하안전관리 등의 분야에 직접적으로 사용되고 있기 때문에, 정보의 최신성 및 정확성이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 지하공간통합지도에 정확성을 향상시키기 위해 지하공간통합지도에 저장된 데이터와 굴착현장에서 획득 가능한 계측데이터를 분류하고, 획득된 데이터를 활용하여 다양한 보간기법의 적용성을 평가하였다. 공간 보간은 보간기법 및 모델별 총 7 종의 공간보간결과를 교차검증을 통해 정량적 평가를 수행하였다. 교차검증 결과, NURBS, 크리깅 및 역거리가중치법 순으로 정확도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 크리깅의 경우 베리오그램 모델에 따라 정확도의 차이가 있었으나 미미하였고, 구형 베리오그램이 정확도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2068-2082
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• 2023

With the rapid development of deep learning, Depth Map Super-Resolution (DMSR) method has achieved more advanced performances. However, when the upsampling rate is very large, it is difficult to capture the structural consistency between color features and depth features by these DMSR methods. Therefore, we propose a color-image guided DMSR method based on iterative depth feature enhancement. Considering the feature difference between high-quality color features and low-quality depth features, we propose to decompose the depth features into High-Frequency (HF) and Low-Frequency (LF) components. Due to structural homogeneity of depth HF components and HF color features, only HF color features are used to enhance the depth HF features without using the LF color features. Before the HF and LF depth feature decomposition, the LF component of the previous depth decomposition and the updated HF component are combined together. After decomposing and reorganizing recursively-updated features, we combine all the depth LF features with the final updated depth HF features to obtain the enhanced-depth features. Next, the enhanced-depth features are input into the multistage depth map fusion reconstruction block, in which the cross enhancement module is introduced into the reconstruction block to fully mine the spatial correlation of depth map by interleaving various features between different convolution groups. Experimental results can show that the two objective assessments of root mean square error and mean absolute deviation of the proposed method are superior to those of many latest DMSR methods.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2024

Accurate seismic vulnerability assessment requires high quality and large amounts of ground motion data. Ground motion data generated from time series contains not only the seismic waves but also the background noise. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the high-pass cut-off frequency to reduce the background noise. Traditional methods for determining the high-pass filter frequency are based on human inspection, such as comparing the noise and the signal Fourier Amplitude Spectrum (FAS), f² trend line fitting, and inspection of the displacement curve after filtering. However, these methods are subject to human error and unsuitable for automating the process. This study used a deep learning approach to determine the high-pass filter frequency. We used the Mel-spectrogram for feature extraction and mixup technique to overcome the lack of data. We selected convolutional neural network (CNN) models such as ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet for transfer learning. Additionally, we chose ViT and DeiT for transformer-based models. The results showed that ResNet had the highest performance with R² (the coefficient of determination) at 0.977 and the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and RMSE (root mean square error) at 0.006 and 0.074, respectively. When applied to a seismic event and compared to the traditional methods, the determination of the high-pass filter frequency through the deep learning method showed a difference of 0.1 Hz, which demonstrates that it can be used as a replacement for traditional methods. We anticipate that this study will pave the way for automating ground motion processing, which could be applied to the system to handle large amounts of data efficiently.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.626-632
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 겨울철 특별관측기간(2012년 1월 5일에서 2월 29일)동안 강원지방기상청에 설치된 GPS 자료를 이용하여 가강수량을 산정하고 이를 라디오존데 가강수량 자료와 비교 분석하였다. GPS 자료를 후처리하기 위하여 Bernese 5.0 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. GANG 단독측위와 GANG, DAEJ의 비교적 짧은 거리의 두 지점만을 이용한 상대측위 결과에 따른 가강수량은 시간에 따른 변동폭이 크고 실제 환산된 가강수량에 비해 5배 정도 크게 나타났다. 이러한 대류권 절대 오차에 의한 오류를 제거하기 위한 방법으로 Xian Dao (BJFS), Ibaraki-ken (TSKB) 국제 IGS 사이트의 장거리 기선설정으로 GPS 후처리를 실시한 결과 라디오존데 관측값과 상관이 0.93, 평균편의오차가 0.67, 평균제곱근오차가 6.40 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 GPS 수신기 고도 차이로 발생할 수 있는 대류권 상대 오차를 제거하기위해 강원지방기상청과 아주 가까운 지점인 강릉 원주대학교에 설치된 GPS 자료를 추가하여 후처리한 결과 상관이 0.93, 평균편의오차가 0.61, 평균제곱근오차가 5.79로 보다 개선된 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2007

노화가 미각기능에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 아직도 많은 논란이 계속되고 있다. 노인에게서 보이는 미각기능의 감퇴를 정상적인 노화현상으로 보는 시각과 약물사용이나 타액분비의 감소에 의한 결과로 보는 시각이 교차하고 있으며, 또한 미각 기능을 평가하는 방법에 따라 서로 다른 주장이 제기되기도 하였다. 저자들은 노화가 초역치 미각강도에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 본 연구를 시행하였으며, 약물사용에 의한 영향을 배제하기 위해서 장기적인 약물사용의 병력이 없는 20대의 여성 30명과 40-50대의 여성 31명을 피검자로 선택하여 염화나트륨, 설탕, 구연산, 염산키니네 수용액에 대한 초역치 미각강도를 소리자극을 이용한 규모짝짓기 방법으로 측정한 다음 그 결과를 서로 비교하였으며, 40-50대 여성에 대해서는 또한 폐경의 여부와 타액분비량의 다과에 따른 차이를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한국인 40-50대 여성은 20대 여성에 비해 저 농도의 염화나트륨 수용액과 저 농도의 설탕 수용액에 대한 초역치 미각강도가 감소되었으며, 고농도의 염화나트륨 수용액과 고농도의 설탕 수용액, 그리고 모든 농도의 구연산 수용액과 염산키니네 수용액에서는 차이가 없었다. 2. 한국인 40-50대 여성에서 폐경으로 인한 초역치 미각강도의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 3. 한국인 40-50대 여성에서 타액분비량의 다과에 따른 초역치 미각강도의 변화가 염화나트륨 수용액, 설탕 수용액, 염산키니네 수용액에 대해서는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 한국인 40-50대 여성에서 타액분비량이 적은 군이 많은 군에 비해 저 농도의 구연산 수용액에 대한 초역치 미각강도가 높게 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.847-852
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of electrodermal activity between the hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. A total 161 subjects who visited a hospital for health check ups from August 2011 through November 2011 and from September 2012 through November 2012 were included in this study. We divided the subjects into two groups by blood pressure, hypertension group(81 patients) and non-hypertension group(180 subject). Then we compared electrodermal activity between two groups by using the autonomic bioelectric response device model CP-6000A. The data was analyzed by independent t-test and logistic regression. In this study, there was a significant difference in electrodermal activity(the mean absolute value of positive, negative pulse conductivity) between hypertensive and normotensive group in t-test and electrodermal activity showed the significant influence on the prevalence risk of hypertension with age, body mass index and dyslipidema in binominal logistic regression. In conclusion, hypertensive patients had high level of electrodermal activity compared with normotensive subjects and this finding suggests that electrodermal activity which is explained excess tendency in Korean traditional medicine could be used for diagnosis in hypertension patients at Korean traditional medical clinic.