• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

본 연구는 지질과 단백질 함량이 다른 두 종류 부상사료의 적정 공급횟수와 공급율을 조사하기 위해 평균 체중 55.1 g의 넙치를 각 수조마다 20마리씩 3반복으로 수용하여 58일 동안 사육하였다. 사료공급휫수는 1일 3회, 1일 2회 및 1일 1회로 설정하였으며 사료 공급량은 만복 및 만복의 80%로 각각 설정하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험 구에서 82% 이상이였으며, 평균 증중량은 EP1의 1일 2회 만복 공급구가 가장 높은 증중량을 보였으며, EP1의 1일 2회 및 3회 제한 공급구와 EP2의 1일 2회 제한 공급구가 가장 낮았다. 일일사료섭취율은 EP1의 1일 2회와 1일 3회 만복 공급구가 가장 높았고, EP2의 1일 3회 만복 공급구와 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료효율과 단백질효율은 사료 조성, 공급횟수 및 공급을 모두 영향을 받지 않았다(P>0.05). 사육실험 종료시, 근육의 수분 함량은 동일한 사료와 공급휫수에서 제한 공급구가 만복 공급구에 비해 높았다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 평균체중 $55{\sim}90g$인 넙치의 성장을 위해 EP1과 EP2를 1일 2회 만복으로 공급하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2013

본 논문은 도시철도 운영회사 중 대전, 대구, 서울9호선, 인천에 근무하는 기관사들의 직무스트레스 원인을 크게 임무(보직), 정신적, 신체적, 외부 환경적 등 네 가지 원인으로 나누어 알아보았다. 임무(보직)에 관련된 내용으로는 기관사의 직업에 대한 강한 책임의식의 발현으로 직업과 적성이 일치함을 알 수 있었으며, 대부분의 기관사가 바람직한 직업관과 긍지를 갖고 헌신적으로 일하는 분위기를 알 수 있었다. 하지만, 정신적인 원인과 신체적인 원인의 스트레스를 확인해 보면 수면 부족, 과제에 대한 부담감, 육체적인 피로, 무료한 일상 등에서 나타났으며 기관사의 불규칙한 근무여건과 부동적인 자세로 정시운행의 중압감, 규칙적이지 못한 식생활습관 등이 스트레스의 수치를 높게 만드는 근원이라 볼 수 있다. 또한, 외부 환경적 원인으로 살펴 보면, 사고장애로 인한 불안도가 심하여 약 4배에 가까운 반응을 보이고, 인사제도나 임금책정 관련 문제 역시 기관사의 직무스트레스 변화와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate clinical factors of SQD syndrome by tracking plasma gut hormone (active ghrelin, active Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), pancreatic polypeptide(PP), total peptide YY(PYY)) profiling of pre-post prandial standard meal between SQD group and normal group. Methods A total of 24 adult participants were consecutively recruited on April 2014. They were diagnosed as either by SQD syndrome or normal by Spleen Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ). On the experimental day, blood samplings of 2 ml were repeatedly collected at 6 points from 2 groups for measuring plasma levels of gut hormones. At every point, subjective appetite sensations were self-registered. Results & Conclusions 1. There were significantly lower subjective 'Appetite' (p=0.012) and higher 'Satiety' (p=0.012) in SQD group. At each time point, subjective 'Appetite' was significantly lower at 60 min after breakfast (p=0.034) and 'Satiety' were significantly higher at 15 min (p=0.020) and 120 min (p=0.044) after breakfast in SQD group. 2. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of gut hormones (active ghrelin, active GLP-1, PP, total PYY) between SQD and normal group. Also at each time point, there were no significant differences of plasma levels of gut hormones between SQD and normal group. 3. Changes in plasma levels of gut hormones compared to baseline were not significantly different at each time point between SQD and normal group. Plasma PYY levels compared to baseline increased in SQD group following 15 min and 30 min after breakfast but decreased in normal group. 4. Further investigation is needed to construct gut hormone profiling and in this perspective, we can approach evaluation tool on variable appetite in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) syndrome in the future.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1315-1322
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• 2011

본 연구는 반추동물에 있어서 결명자, 계피, 산초 및 감초 등의 한약재 추출물의 첨가가 메탄생성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. In vitro 반추위 발효기질로는 대두박을 사용하였으며, 한약재 추출물 첨가수준은 기질의 10%로 하여 시간대별(0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 hr)로 $39^{\circ}C$에서 발효시켰다. In vitro 반추위 배양액의 pH는 6.46~6.89 수준으로서 시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 총 가스발생량은 감초, 산초, 계피, 결명자 처리구 순으로 감초 추출물 첨가구에서 가장 많았으며, 모든 한약재 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 많았다. 메탄생성 비율은 3시간 발효 시, 감초 추출물 처리구가 타 처리구에 비해 낮았으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 비율이 오히려 높아졌으며, 한약재 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 수소가스의 생성비율은 6시간 발효 시까지는 처리구간에 차이가 없었으나 12시간 발효 시에는 한약재 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 암모니아 생성량은 발효 3시간대에는 산초 추출물 첨가구와 감초추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높았으나, 발효 12시간대에는 감초 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 본 시험에 사용된 한약재 추출물은 가스 생성량을 비롯한 메탄 생성량을 증가시키고, 메탄 발효를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1989

A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1976

To compare the maternal health status between women in island and land, the study was conducted to adjacent land (kukdong) and island (kyonghodong) areas in Yosoo city during April 1976. The results obtained from 174 interviewee in island and 192 in land areas were the same as follow, 1. General characteristics of both area. Age: Land, group 20-29 year of age was the largest. Island, 30-39 year of age was the largest. Education; Low educated group, less than primary grade (land 88.6%, island 93.1%), was predominant in both area. Occupation of herself; agriculture and labor was the main occupation (land 50%, island 82.2%) in both area. Occupation of husband: labor and fishery was general (81.2%) in land, and agriculture and fishery was general (81.6%) in island. Duration of residence; Land, 25.0% being resided here more than 10 years. Island, 64.3% being resided here more than 10 years. 2. Marriage, Pregnancy, and Present children. Average age at marriage; Land, 20.7 years. Island, 20.9 years. Average frequency of pregnancy; Land, 4.4 times. Island, 4.3 times. Wastage of pregnancies: Land, 236 per 1000 pregnancies. Island, 151 per 1000 pregnancies. Wastage occupied by induced abortion; land, 73.5%. island, 60.5%. Number and sex of present children; Land, 3.3 per family, sex ratio 52.4 to 47.6. Island, 3.6 per family, sex ratio 53.3 to 46.7. 3. Prenatal and postnatal care. Prenatal consutation: Land, 16.1% received by doctor or midwife. Island 9.2% received by doctor or midwife. Complications during last pregnancy; Land, 46.6% complained. Island, 51.1% complained. Return to work within 1 week after delivery; Land, 40.6%. Island, 50.6%. 4. Delivery environment Home delivery; Land, 97.4% Island, 97.3%. Delivery attdended by non medical professions at home; Land, 80.2% Island, 93.7%. Solo home delivery; Land, 13.0%, Island, 12.9%. Delivery attended by layman without taking any disinfective preparations; Land, 48.1%, Island, 49.1%. Material mainly used to cut umbilical cord at home; Land, scissors (97.4%). Island, scissora (98.8%). Cord cutting material used without giving any disinfective preparations; Land, 79.9%, Island, 84.0%. Delivery sheets used at home; Cement bag paper (land 50.0%, island, 31.3%). Vinyl sheets (land,17.5%, island, 27.6%). News paper (land, 3.2%. island, 11.7%). No sheets (land 19.5%. island, 12.9%). etc. Maternal Meal; Seaweed soup with rice was the most general in both area. (land 95.3%, island, 91.4%).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

본 연구는 강원도 원주 지역에 소재한 3개 중학교에 재학하는 1, 2학년 454명을 대상으로 패스트푸드 섭취 빈도에 따른 패스트푸드의 이용 태도, 패스트푸드에 대한 인식, 식습관, 건강관련 사항 등을 파악하기 위해 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 대상자 중 패스트푸드 자주 섭취군(주 1회 이상)은 29.5%, 보통 섭취군(한 달에 2~3회 정도)은 50.7%, 비섭취군(한달에 1회 이하)은 19.8%로 분류되었다. 패스트푸드를 먹는 목적으로 '간식용'의 비율은 자주 섭취군과 보통섭취군이 비섭취근에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 패스트푸드에 관한 개선점으로 세 군 모두 저렴한 가격과 덜 기름진 음식을 희망하였다. 패스트푸드에 대한 인식에서 자주 섭취군, 보통 섭취군은 비섭취군에 비해 패스트푸드가 배고픔 해소에 도움을 준다고 인식하였으며, 패스트푸드의 섭취 빈도가 많을수록 패스트푸드를 쉽게 사 먹을 수 있고, 메뉴가 다양해 질리지 않는 것으로 인식하였다. 또한 패스트푸드 비섭취군은 자주 섭취군, 보통 섭취군에 비해 식사량이 적당하고, 여러 가지 다양한 식품을 섭취하고 있었으며, 밥, 채소류, 과일류, 단백질, 우유 및 유제품, 해조류의 섭취가 더 많았다. 건강이상 증상 조사에서 자주 섭취군과 보통 섭취군은 비섭취군에 비해 졸음이 오고, 손발이 차고, 피부가 거칠은 증상을 더 자주 느꼈다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.510-516
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• 1995

체지방이 30% 이상으로 비만이라 판정되는 20~62세의 지원자들에게 저열량 균형식, 무리하지 않은 유산소 운동 및 개인별 비만의 원인을 교정하고 평생체중을 조절하기 위한 영양상담과 교육을 포함한 행동수정을 통해 5주 동안 비만을 치료하고 성인병과 관련된 위험 요인들의 변화를 살펴보았다. 활동량, 식습관, 식이섭취조사를 실시하여 개인별 비만의 원인을 진단한 후 잘못된 식생활을 교정할 수 있도록 주 3회의 영양상담과 매주 1회의 영양교육을 실시하였다. 식이요법은 1일 1끼의식사와 3회의 조제식이를 통해 열량이 1200kcal 정도가 되고, 양질의 단백질, 비타민, 무기질은 성인 권장량의 100~150% 이상이 되도록 하였다. 식전에 식이섬유와 물을 복용하고 식사 기간은 20분 이상으로 천천히 섭취하도록 하였으며, 투긴음식, 가공식품, 패스트 푸두, 술, 청량음료, 달고 기름진 음식, 짜고 자극적인 음식 등은 제한하였다. 주당 3~5일간 1시간 정도의 가벼운 유산소 체조를 실험대상자 저원이 모여서 실시하였다. 먹은 식품, 활동, 운동, 감정상태, 피로여부 등을 일지로서 기록하게 하여 삼담을 통해 교정하고 관찰하여 긍정적인 내적동기를 갖도록 교육하였다. 비만치료 기간 중 탈락한 수는 총 16명 중 5명 (31.3%)이었으며, 비만도는 대상자의 대부분이 경증이고, 불규칙적인 식사, 빨리 먹는 습관, 과식, 짜게 먹는 습관, 야식, 음주 등의 비만의 원인이 되는 습관들을 가지고 있어 식습관 점수는 개선이 요구된다고 진단되었다. 5주동안의 비만치료로 체중은 평균 4.8kg(주당 0.96kg)이 감량 되었으며, 체지방, body mass index, 허리, 팔, 둔부의 둘레가 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈압, 공복시의 혈당, 혈액증의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤은 변화가 없었으나, LDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 감소하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify bone mineral density(BMD), body composition, lifestyle and dietary habits of young women by physical measurement and questionnaires. The study subjects, 190 young women living in Seoul, were divided into three age groups: $20{\sim}24$ years(93), $25{\sim}29$ years(44) and $30{\sim}39$ years(53). There was no significant difference in mean body muscle mass, protein, mineral, body fat and BMI among the three age groups. The rate of low weight(18%) in 20 years group was higher that of the 30 years(11.3%). The mean BMD and T-score were $0.44g/cm^2$ and -0.66. BMD and T-score of the forearm bone were significantly higher in the $30{\sim}39$ years group. But BMD and T-score of calcanues were not significantly different among the three age groups. The rate of normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis subjects by BMD were 60.5%, 38.4%, 1.1%, respectively. The rate of osteopenia in $20{\sim}24$ years group was significantly higher than the other age groups. The rate of meal irregularity was significantly higher in $20{\sim}24$ years group. The rate of women who walk and are exposed to sunlight more than 1hr per day were significantly higher in $20{\sim}24$ years group than the others. However, the score of food behaviors is significantly higher(bad) in $20{\sim}24$ years group than the others. The relationship between BMD and frequency of food intake showed significant differences in beans, broom, seaweed and rice wine. In conclusion, the risk rate of BMD was very high, 40% of the subjects, and the risk rate of BMD was higher in 20 years group than 30 years group, and the rate of low weight in 20 years group was higher than in 30 years group. The food habits and behaviors were not healthy enough. Therefore, nutrition education is needed for bone health.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the eating behavior of patients in a bid to facilitate the improvement of their eating behavior, as eating behavior seemed to affect oral health and dietary habits. Methods : The subjects in this study were 235 patients who visited the dental hygiene practice lab at C college in South Jeonla Province. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS 12.0. Results : 1. When their self-awareness of dietary habits and oral health was checked in consideration of eating behavior, those who thought they had very good dietary habits and were in good oral health had meals three times a day. Their eating time was very irregular, and they took 15 to 20 minutes to eat. Their overeating frequency was three or four times a week, and their frequency of eating between meals was once or twice a week. 2. On the contrary, the daily eating frequency of the patients who found themselves to have very bad dietary habits and to be in bad oral health was not fixed, and their eating time was neither regular nor irregular. They spent less than 10 minutes having a meal, and their overeating frequency was once or twice a week. Their frequency of having a snack was three or four times a week, and as for food preference, they had a liking for meat. 3. The patients considered themselves to be in better health when they had balanced meals and good eating behavior, namely good dietary habits. And they rated their own dietary habits higher when they were in a good oral state, had no experiences to feel pain in the mouth and didn't receive any dental treatment, namely when they were in good oral health. Conclusions : This study attempted to investigate the influence of eating behavior on oral health awareness. Another limitation of this study is that the geographic scope was just confined to an urban community in South Jeonla Province without checking any possible regional gaps. However, it's quite evident that eating behavior exerts an influence on oral health awareness, and it seems worth doing to examine a larger number of subjects by utilizing objective oral health guidelines.