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A Prospective Study on Nutritional Status and Nutrient Intake of Hemodialysis Patients Based on Coexistence of Diabetes (혈액투석 환자에서 당뇨병 유무에 따른 영양상태와 영양섭취량 비교)

  • Oh, Ye-Sung;Ann, Jae-Young;Kim, Mi-Hyang;Choe, Sun-Jung;Jeong, Jong Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2017
  • It is well known that malnutrition is a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. The number of diabetic nephropathy patients is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to investigate nutritional status and nutrient intake according to the presence of diabetes among hemodialysis patients. The nutritional intake and general characteristics of outpatients at Ajou University Hospital (24 with diabetes and 30 without diabetes) were investigated between July and September 2015. Patients' general data were collected, and nutritional status by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was evaluated. Nutrient intakes were assessed according to 3-day food records. There was no significant difference regarding body weight between the two groups. However, the non-diabetic group showed a better nutritional status by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) ($5.2{\pm}4.4$ vs. $8.0{\pm}4.3$ score, non-diabetics vs. diabetics, P<0.05). There was no difference in daily calorie intake ($1,473.9{\pm}370.5$ vs. $1,503.8{\pm}397.5kcal$) and protein intake ($60.3{\pm}19.7$ vs. $65.6{\pm}20.5g$) in those with diabetes. Intakes of vegetables protein, sodium, potassium, vitamin C, folic acid and fiber were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to those of the non-diabetic group. There was no difference in daily nutrient intake between the hemodialysis weekday and weekend groups. The non-diabetic group had higher calorie and sodium intakes per meal in the hemodialysis weekday group, but the difference was not significant. Based on these results, intervention should be performed to improve nutritional status in consideration of diabetes and dietary patterns.

The Survey of Anthropometric Data and Dietary Behavior of Chinese Middle and High School Students Living in Incheon, Korea (한국 인천에 거주하고 있는 화교 중.고등학생의 체위와 식생활 행동에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Mee-Lee;Rho, Sook-Nyung;Kim, Chun-Soo
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.289-303
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    • 2007
  • This report includes basic data on nutrition education for Chinese adolescents living in Korea. A total of 183 Chinese adolescents living in Incheon participated in the survey. Body composition was analyzed by the Inbody 4.0., and questionnaires on personal dietary behavior were administrated. When compared with the body measure indices of Korean adolescents, we found that height was similar, but weight greater ($5{\sim}12 kg$) among the participants. Regarding obesity, 30.0% of all students were obese (BMI>25), especially the high school boys (42.0%). But in the case of middle school boys, the rates of obesity and under weight (BMI<18.5) were the same (both of them at 22.9%). The average WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the female high school group (0.9) was over the normal range. The average percent body fat for each group was also over the normal range. The percentage of students having breakfast everyday was 52.2%, and the rate of skipping breakfast was 25.0%. In the obesity group, the rate of skipping breakfast was remarkably high (P<0.05). Because lunch service was not available at the schools, a lunch box from home was the most popular pattern (43.1 %), but eating out was also popular at 36.6%. For the male high school students, the eating out rate was 62.8%. Since many have-lived in Korea for a few generations, the students' eating practices were much closer to the Korean pattern. For their ordinary meal pattern, 96.0% of the students included Korean foods. however, for New Years Day, the rate of having Gyo-Ja was 75.2%, and having Wol-Byung at Choo-seok was 78.6%, showing that the Chinese tradition still remains. In the case of food preferences, the percentage having Kimchi everyday was 62.1 %, but those drinking green tea was 13.1 %. For cold drinks, the rate for drinking them more than twice per week was 71.6%. The most preferred cooking method was frying with oil (50.6%). Among the students who had visited China (or Taiwan), the rate for 'bad food familiarity' was 37.0%, and the rate for 'did not know Chinese traditional course menus' was 71.3%. As a result of combining eating practices from both China and Korea, and the absence of lunch service in Chinese schools, students are showing bad dietary behaviors. therefore, it is necessary to provide proper nutrition education and a system for lunch service in Chinese schools.

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Comparative Study on Nutrition Attitudes, Food Purchase Behaviors, and Dietary Habits of Housewives Living in Seoul and Kyunggi Area (주부들의 영양태도, 식품구매 및 식생활 평가의 차이에 관한 비교 연구 -서울특별시와 경기도 일부 지역에 거주-)

  • Chung, Keun-Hee;Shin, Kyung-Ok;Choi, Kyung-Soon;Yoon, Jin-A;Chung, Kang-Hyun;Kim, Ji-Sang
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.163-174
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    • 2012
  • This study focused on the nutrition knowledge, food purchase behaviors, and dietary habits of 213 housewives (41 women under 39 years, 98 women 40~49 years, and 74 women over 50 years). Younger housewives held more special jobs, whereas older housewives worked as housewives or had no jobs ($p$<0.05). The average monthly income of the three family groups was 3,000,000~5,000,000 won, and the monthly dietary expenditure for all three groups was 200,000~500,000 won. Familial frames for the three groups was nuclear family (over 80%), but housewives younger than 39 years (19.5%) lived together with their parents and let them take care of their children. Housewives (over 50 years) prepared a balanced diet for every meal, utilized less drastic cooking methods to prevent loss of nutrients, and shopped at many places in order to save money on various food materials. Further, they purchased food materials that resulted in the least amount of left overs. On the other hand, housewives under 39 years visited large supermarkets and purchased cooked foods more than other groups. Housewives under 39 years considered nutrients content as the most important factor when purchasing food materials, whereas 74.5% of housewives between 40~49 years and 51.4% of housewives over 50 years put the most importance on flavor ($p$<0.05). Housewives under 39 years were interested in manufacture date, nutrient content, and food price, in decreasing order, whereas housewives between 40~49 years and over 50 years were interested in manufacture date, food prices, and nutrient content. Older housewives were interested in brown rice and fruits, whereas younger housewives under 39 years were interested in meat, fish, eggs, fried foods, and fast food. Older housewives over 50 years did not consume fried foods more than two times per week and consumed three regular meals more often than younger housewives. Accordingly, for younger housewives, it is necessary that healthy foods be cooked for their families.

동해지역의 선상중력자료 처리 및 해면고도계자료와의 비교

  • 최광선;원지훈
    • Proceedings of the International Union of Geodesy And Geophysics Korea Journal of Geophysical Research Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.19-19
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구에서는 국립해양조사원의 '해양2000호'를 통해 1996년과 1997년에 측정한 동해 지역의 중력자료에 대한 자료 처리를 하였다. 효과적인 자료처리를 위해 선상중력자료 처리에 필요한 각종 보정 절차와 문제점 등을 알아보았으며, 선상자료와 해면고도계자료의 비교 및 이를 통한 선상자료의 검증을 실시하였다. 선상중력자료는 측정과 처리 과정에 있어 여러 사항을 고려하여야 한다. 즉, 육상중력기점을 이용한 절대중력으로의 환산 문제, 선박 항해 위치의 부정확성에 기인하는 문제 및 중력계의 기계적 특성과 중력 측정이 이루어질 때의 해상 조건에 의한 영향 등으로 선상중력자료에 나타나는 여러 오차를 최소화하여야 한다. 선상중력자료로부터 각종 지구중력장 연구에 필요한 중력이상을 계산하기 위해 선상중력 측정시 기인되는 각종 요인의 오차를 고려한 효과적인 보정이 이루어져야 한다. 즉, 선상중력계의 기계변이 보정, 탐사선에 대한 위치 자료의 획득 및 필터링, 그리고 탐사선의 이동으로 인한 Eotvos 효과의 정확한 계산 및 보정이 필요하고, 선상중력계의 기계적 특성에 의해 나타나는 시간지연에 대한 보정도 필요하다. 또한 이러한 보정을 통해 계산한 중력 이상에서 각 교점의 오차를 보정하는 교정오차 보정도 실시하여야 한다. 특히, 탐사선의 이동으로 인한 지구자전 각속도의 상대적인 증감의 효과로 나타나는 Eotvos 효과의 영향은 선상중력자료의 정확도에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다. 이의 정확한 계산 및 보정을 위해서는 정확한 위치정보가 필요하며 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 GPS 항해정보에 대한 Kalman 필터를 실시하였고, Eotvos 효과에 대해 Savitzky-Golay 필터를 적용하여 최적의 Eotvos 보정을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 계산된 동해지역의 중력이상에 대한 대력적인 범위는 경도 129° - 133°이고 위도 35° - 38.3° 부근이다. 이 지역에 대한 고도이상은 최소 -42.46 mGal에서 최고 161.13 mGal사이에 분포하며, 고도이상의 평균은 14.450 mGal이다. 또한 Bouguer 이상은 최소 -l5.09 mGal에서 최고 218.61 mGal이고 이의 평균은 82.681 mGal이다. 그리고 동해지역의 선상중력 측정지역에서 선상자료에 의한 중력이상과 Altimeter 자료에 의한 고도이상의 전반적인 윤곽은 비슷하면서도 일부 작은 이상의 차이가 나타났으며, 지형자료와 비교하여 보면 Altimeter에 의한 결과보다 선상측정에 의한 결과가 더욱 잘 일치하고 있어 본 연구에서 계산한 선상자료의 타당성을 알 수 있다. 고도이상의 차이는 최소 -25.94 mGal에서 최대 85.33 mGal의 차이를 보이며 차이의 평균은 3.517 mGal, RMS는 6.774 meal이다. 이는 비교적 큰 차이로 선상측정자료의 중요성과 필요성을 단적으로 나타내고 있다.

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Health Behaviors among Adolescents in the Rural Area in Korea (농촌지역 청소년의 건강행태)

  • Park, Soon-Woo
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.202-213
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    • 2009
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area with those in the urban area in Korea. Methods: The data source was the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2005. With two stage cluster sampling, a total of 58,224 sample was selected from 799 middle and high schools nationwide. The area was classified into county area, small to medium city, and large city, and then the county area was considered as a rural area. Data was analyzed with STATA 9.0 using the method of complex survey data analysis considering sampling weight, strata, and primary sampling unit. Results: The prevalence of health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area was higher than the city area as following health behaviors: smoking behaviors of smoking experience, smoking experience before entrance to middle school; drinking behaviors of frequent drinking, high risk behaviors with drinking; dietary behaviors of omitting of lunch or dinner, less intake of fruits or milk, more intake of cooky; oral hygiene of less tooth brushing, less preventive oral care, more oral symptoms and less dentist visit; safety behaviors of less wearing of safety belt or protective device; general hygiene of less hand washing before meal or after visiting rest room. Conclusions: The health behaviors among adolescents in the rural area were generally poorer than the city area. The results showed national health program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas. Further study is needed to explore the factors related with the discrepancy of health behaviors between the rural and urban area.

DENTAL TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA : A CASE REPORT (이염성 백질 이영양증 환아의 치아우식 치료 증례 보고)

  • Ryu, Jiyeon;Shin, Teo Jeon;Hyun, Hong-Keun;Kim, Young Jae;Kim, Jung-Wook;Jang, Ki-Taeg;Kim, Chong-Chul;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.96-100
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    • 2016
  • Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease caused by a deficiency of the catabolic enzyme arylsulfatase A. Deficiency of arylsulfatase A results in accumulation of sulfatide in the white matter of the peripheral and central nervous system and it occurs demyelination as a result. The patient gradually goes through mental and motor failure. General symptoms of MLD include gait disturbance, mental deterioration, muscle rigidity and impaired swallowing. Inheritance of the disease is autosomal recessive. We report a dental caries treatment of a 3-year old boy with MLD. The patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to slow the progression of the disease. He was suffered from difficulties of mastication and swallowing from the degenerative neurological symptom. He was ingesting food by both oral feeding and tubal feeding after he took percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The cause of multiple caries was mainly presumed as patient's prolonged time of meal. The treatment was performed under general anesthesia considering patient's incompliance. Severely affected lower primary molars were treated with pulp treatment and restored with stainless steel crown. Others were restored with composite resin. There were no postoperative complications. MLD is life threatening progressive disease and also has an impact on unfavorable condition for oral health. Routine home oral care and periodic professional dental care should be emphasized to the caregiver of patient considering the susceptibility of dental caries. Not only the medical care, but periodic dental office visit would benefit the quality of life of the patient.

DENTAL TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA : A CASE REPORT (피에르 로빈 증후군 환아의 전신마취 하 치아우식 치료 증례 보고)

  • Ryu, Jiyeon;Shin, Teo Jeon;Hyun, Hong-Keun;Kim, Young Jae;Kim, Jung-Wook;Jang, Ki-Taeg;Kim, Chong-Chul;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.87-91
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    • 2016
  • Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS) is characterized by the triad of congenital mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis and cleft palate. Infant PRS patients are frequently suffering from upper airway obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux and growth retardation caused by above mentioned problems. We report a dental caries treatment of 3-year old girl with Pierre Robin syndrome with multiple caries. The cause of multiple caries was mainly presumed as patient's eating habit caused by her general condition. She had some feeding problems and had history of gastric tube. She was still using milk bottle and took more than an hour to finish a meal. The treatment was performed under general anesthesia considering patient's condition; mild autism, poor cooperation and respiratory problem due to micrognathia. Severely affected upper incisors were treated with pulp treatment and restored with zirconia crown for esthetic purpose. Lower incisors were treated with pulp treatment and restored with composite resin. Upper right first primary molar was restored with stainless steel crown and other primary molars were treated with composite resin. There were no postoperative complications. According to her parents, the patient's compliance to oral hygiene management was greatly improved after the treatment since she was very pleased with the esthetic result and highly motivated by her looks. The treatment without sedation or general anesthesia would be possible once the airway is improved as the mandible grows.

A Study on Vegetable Intakes and Dietary Habits of Middle School Students in Chungnam (충남지역 중학생의 채소 섭취실태와 식습관에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Hyun-Sun;Kim, Myung-Hee;Choi, Mi-Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.525-535
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nutritional education for juveniles' desirable vegetable intake by analyzing their vegetable intake, dietary habit and nutrient intakes according to gender of middle school students in Chungnam. The average age of the subjects was 15.0, height was 162.5 cm, weight was 53.5 kg and their average BMI was $20.1kg/m^2$. The frequency of eating supper in girls was lower than that in boys. Many respondents answered that a meal-time was 10~20 minutes. Without gender difference, more than 90% respondents thought that vegetables were good for health. As for the preference of vegetable, subjects responded, "I am in the middle", "I like them", "I dislike them", "I like them very much", and "I dislike them very much" in order, without gender difference. The frequent eaten leaf vegetable was Chinese cabbage, the frequent eaten fruit vegetable was cucumber, and the frequent eaten root vegetable was radish. The favorite leaf vegetable was lettuce, the favorite fruit vegetable was corn, and the favorite root vegetable was sweet potato. The preference degrees of taro and ginger were very low. The reasons why they liked a vegetable were that it was delicious and they ate it at home often. In addition, the reason why they disliked vegetables was that they are untasty in flavor or texture and it showed that many students had a prejudice that vegetables were untasty. The intakes of plant protein, dietary fiber, ash and INQs of dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin C, folate, vitamin E in the group with high preference of vegetables were significantly higher than those of low preference group. The study results indicate that intake frequency and preference of root vegetables in juveniles are low and the major reasons of these results are taste and eating experience of vegetables. In addition, the intake amounts of dietary fiber and folate are poor in the subjects with low preference of vegetables. Therefore, families and schools should make efforts that juveniles can recognize the importance of vegetable intake and select various vegetables properly through the development of cooking methods and systematic nutrition education.

Dietary Factors Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in School-aged Children (학동기 어린이 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애에서 식이요인의 역할 규명)

  • An, Minji;An, Hyojin;Hwang, Hyo-Jeong;Kwon, Ho-Jang;Ha, Mina;Hong, Yun-Chul;Hong, Soo-Jong;Oh, Se-Young
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.397-410
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. Methods: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: "Plant foods & fish," "Sweets," "Meat & fish," "Fruits & dairy products," and "Wheat based." Results: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the "Sweets" category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between "Fruits & dairy products" and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusions: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.

A PILOT SURVEY ON THE STATE OF FEEDING, ORAL HYGIENE CARE TOOTH ERUPTION AND CARIES IN 18-MONTH OLD INFANTS (18개월 유아의 섭식, 구강위생 관리실태 및 구강상태에 관한 기초조사)

  • Lee, Chang-Han;Jeong, Tae-Sung;Kim, Shin
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.714-720
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    • 2004
  • This survey was performed as a pilot of comprehensive survey of 18-month old infants which is an important period in pediatric dentistry. Through the oral examination of 154 infants of 18-month age, labored at Pusan National University Hospital and Ilsin Christian Hospital, and direct interview with their first caregivers (mother in most cases), we investigated into the state of their weaning and feeding, between-meal snacks, oral hygiene care, tooth eruption and dental caries and obtained the results as follows : 1. 73% of the infants had not yet weaned, and 82% of which were being milked during or before sleep without oral hygine care. 2. Snacks were taken in order of fruits, biscuits, cheese, bread and candies, and beverages in order of water, fermented milks, milk, sugared juice, fresh fruit juice. 61% of the infants ate snacks irregularly. 3. The toothbrush for infants was the most popular way of oral hygiene care. The mean age of initiation of tooth brushing was 13.8 months and the mean frequency was 1.6 times a day. 4. The incisors in all infants, the 1st molars in 86%, and canines in 66% were erupted. The average number of erupted teeth was 14.1. 5. The caries prevalence rate was 27.3% and 73% of total caries was observed in maxillary deciduous incisors. dmft index was 0.97. Through these results, it was concluded that a systematic education about weaning time, mode of snacking and the way of oral hygine care is required for the parents.

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