• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.9
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• 2019

Supernumerary B chromosomes were found in Lilium amabile (2n = 2x = 24), an endemic Korean lily that grows in the wild throughout the Korean Peninsula. The extra B chromosomes do not affect the host-plant morphology; therefore, whole transcriptome analysis was performed in 0B and 1B plants to identify differentially expressed genes. A total of 154,810 transcripts were obtained from over 10 Gbp data by de novo assembly. By mapping the raw reads to the de novo transcripts, we identified 7,852 differentially expressed genes (log₂FC > |10|), in which 4,059 and 3,794 were up-and down-regulated, respectively, in 1B plants compared to 0B plants. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that various differentially expressed genes were involved in cellular processes including the cell cycle, chromosome breakage and repair, and microtubule formation; all of which may be related to the occurrence and maintenance of B chromosomes. Our data provide insight into transcriptomic changes and evolution of plant B chromosomes and deliver an informative database for future study of B chromosome transcriptomes in the Korean lily.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

The feasibility as floricultural crops and water garden plant materials of Korean native water plants was investigated. Propagation type, growing and flowering time were observed for development as water garden, interior aquarium plant and water purification materials. Flowering time of the water plant was 7 species in May, 28 species in June, 49 species in July, 55 species in August, 47 species in September, and 17 species in October. Beautiful flowering water plants were Nymphaeaceae, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Monochoria korsakowii, Iris pseudacorus, Iris laevigata, and etc. Ornamental leafy water plants were Ceratopteris thalictroides, Ludwigia ovalis, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Limnophila sessiliflora, Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Eleocharis acicularis etc. Isoetes japonica, Isoetes coreana and Isoetes sinensis were propagated by spore. Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Nuphar japonicum, Nelumbo nucifera, Ottelia alismoides, Sagittaria aginashi, Trapa japonica, and Trapa natans were propagated by seed. Persicaria amphibia, Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Oenanthe javanica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Acorus calamus were propagated by division. And Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Phragmites japonica were propagated by runner. Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Limnophila sessilifera were propagated by adventitious bud. Ceratopteris thalictroides was propagated by leaf cutting. The 35 genera, 68 species of water plants were available for horticultural use. The 45 species such as Iris laevigata, Eleocharis acicularis, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea minima, Nuphar pumilum, Nymphoides coreana, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea tetragona (water lily), and Typha latifolia could be use for water garden plant. The 21 species such as Limnophila sessilifera, Vallisneria asiatica, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata available for indoor aquarium. The 19 species such as Ottelia alismoides, Oenanthe javanica, Limnophila sessilifera and Blyxa echinosperma could be culture in container. The 27 species such as Trapa japonica, Trapa incisa, Phramites commuris (reed), Phragmites japonica, and Zizania latifolia were usable for water purification plant materials.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.413-423
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• 2016

경포가시연습지를 활용한 경포 유수지의 경포천 계획 홍수량 분담이 경포호에 미치는 영향을 수리모형실험과 RMA-2 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 경포호의 복잡한 흐름 구조를 재현하기 위해 부정류를 모의하였다. 수리모형실험에서 확보한 자료를 이용하여 수치모형의 매개변수를 추정하고, 다양한 홍수 시나리오를 고려하여 경포천 하류부 및 경포호의 흐름을 모의하였다. 경포 유수지의 홍수 분담량이 증가하면 경포호의 최대 수위는 증가하고 경포천 하류부의 수위는 감소하였다. 경포호와 경포천의 홍수 흐름이 서로 작용하는 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 경포호의 홍수 시 유지관리에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1169-1175
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• 2009

An antifungal chitinase, ChiCW, produced by Bacillus cereus 28-9 is effective against conidial germination of Botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of lily leaf blight. ChiCW as a modular enzyme consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a fibronectin type-III-like domain, and a chitin-binding domain. When two C-terminal domains of ChiCW were truncated, $ChiCW{\Delta}FC$ (lacking the chitin-binding domain and fibronectin type III-like domain) lost its antifungal activity. Since $ChiCW{\Delta}C$ (lacking the chitin-binding domain) could not be expressed in Escherichia coli as $ChiCW{\Delta}FC$ did, a different strategy based on protein engineering technology was designed to investigate the involvement of the chitin-binding domain of ChiCW ($ChBD_{ChiCW}$) in antifungal activity in this study. Because ChiA1 of Bacillus circulans WL-12 is a modular enzyme with a higher hydrolytic activity than ChiCW but not inhibitory to conidial germination of Bo. elliptica and the similar domain composition of ChiA1 and ChiCW, the C-terminal truncated derivatives of ChiA1 were generated and used to construct chimeric chitinases with $ChBD_{ChiCW}$. When the chitin-binding domain of ChiA1 was replaced with $ChBD_{ChiCW}$, the chimeric chitinase named ChiAAAW exhibited both high enzyme activity and antifungal activity. The results indicate that $ChBD_{ChiCW}$ may play an important role in the antifungal activity of ChiCW.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

A metagenomic fosmid library was constructed from genomic DNA isolated from the microbial community residing in hindguts of a wood-feeding higher termite (Microcerotermes sp.) collected in Thailand. The library was screened for clones expressing lignocellulolytic activities. Fourteen independent active clones (2 cellulases and 12 xylanases) were obtained by functional screening at pH 10.0. Analysis of shotgun-cloning and pyrosequencing data revealed six ORFs, which shared less than 59% identity and 73% similarity of their amino acid sequences with known cellulases and xylanases. Conserved domain analysis of these ORFs revealed a cellulase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 5, whereas the other five xylanases showed significant identity to diverse families including families 8, 10, and 11. Interestingly, one fosmid clone was isolated carrying three contiguous xylanase genes that may comprise a xylanosome operon. The enzymes with the highest activities at alkaline pH from the initial activity screening were characterized biochemically. These enzymes showed a broad range of enzyme activities from pH 5.0 to 10.0, with pH optimal of 8.0 retaining more than 70% of their respective activities at pH 9.0. The optimal temperatures of these enzymes ranged from $50^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. This study provides evidence for the diversity and function of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in the termite gut microbial community, which could be of potential use for industrial processes such as pulp biobleaching and denim biostoning.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular Apicomplexan parasite and a causative agent of toxoplasmosis in human. It causes encephalitis, uveitis, chorioretinitis, and congenital infection. T. gondii invades the host cell by forming a moving junction (MJ) complex. This complex formation is initiated by intermolecular interactions between the two secretory parasitic proteins-namely, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) and is critically essential for the host invasion process. By this study, we propose two potential leads, NSC95522 and NSC179676 that can efficiently target the AMA1 hydrophobic cleft, which is a hotspot for targeting MJ complex formation. The proposed leads are the result of an exhaustive conformational search-based virtual screen with multilevel precision scoring of the docking affinities. These two compounds surpassed all the precision levels of docking and also the stringent post docking and cumulative molecular dynamics evaluations. Moreover, the backbone flexibility of hotspot residues in the hydrophobic cleft, which has been previously reported to be essential for accommodative binding of RON2 to AMA1, was also highly perturbed by these compounds. Furthermore, binding free energy calculations of these two compounds also revealed a significant affinity to AMA1. Machine learning approaches also predicted these two compounds to possess more relevant activities. Hence, these two leads, NSC95522 and NSC179676, may prove to be potential inhibitors targeting AMA1-RON2 complex formation towards combating toxoplasmosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2021

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency posing unprecedented challenges for health authorities. Social media may serve as an effective platform to disseminate health-related information. This study aimed to assess the extent of social media use, its impact on preventive behavior, and negative health effects such as cyberchondria and information overload. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between June 10, 2020 and August 9, 2020 among people visiting the outpatient department of the authors' institution, and participants were also recruited during field visits for an awareness drive. Questions were developed on preventive behavior, and the Short Cyberchondria Scale and instruments dealing with information overload and perceived vulnerability were used. Results: The study recruited 767 participants with a mean age of about 45 years. Most of the participants (>90%) engaged in preventive behaviors, which were influenced by the extent of information received through social media platforms (β=3.297; p<0.001) and awareness of infection when a family member tested positive (β=29.082; p<0.001) or a neighbor tested positive (β=27.964; p<0.001). The majority (63.0%) of individuals often searched for COVID-19 related news on social media platforms. The mean±standard deviation scores for cyberchondria and information overload were 9.09±4.05 and 8.69±2.56, respectively. Significant and moderately strong correlations were found between cyberchondria, information overload, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the use of social media as an information- seeking platform altered preventive behavior. However, excessive and misleading information resulted in cyberchondria and information overload.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-86
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• 2023

Purpose: Information regarding functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infants is currently lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of FGIDs in infants aged 6 weeks to 4 months in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 433 infants was conducted between September 2018 and February 2020. Information on FGIDs was collected using the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire and the Feeding Practice and Gut Comfort Questionnaire. Adapted Rome IV criteria were used to define the FGIDs. Results: The prevalence of regurgitation was 26.3%; 16.8% of the infants presented cryingrelated symptoms and 5.5% exhibited constipation. The statistical analyses revealed that constipation was associated with sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-7.71; p=0.043), employment of the father (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.12-0.77; p=0.01), and education of the mother (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.07-3.51; p=0.031). Length at birth (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99; p=0.042) was associated with constipation. Length at visit (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91; p<0.001) was associated with regurgitation, and the weight at visit (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; p=0.038) was associated with crying and/or colic. A history of parental FGIDs was associated with crying-related symptoms (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.68; p=0.007). Conclusion: Regurgitation, crying, and constipation are common FGIDs in infants. Some parental and infant characteristics may be predictors for FGIDs. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings. Understanding the determinants of FGIDs will benefit healthcare professionals and parents to improve infant's quality of life and better manage these condition.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2018

본 연구는 다른 지역에 비해 일교차가 큰 철원 지역에서 재배되고 있는 양파에 친환경제제로 사용되는 아인산염을 농도별로 처리하여 생육특성과 페놀화합물 함량의 변이를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 그 결과 아인산염 처리 후 양파의 구무게, 너비, 폭과 당 함량에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면 페놀화합물에는 영향을 미쳐 아인산 500ppm을 처리했을 때 벤조산, 카페산, 쿠마린산, 캠페롤, 쿼르세틴 함량이 무처리구보다 다소 높은 함량을 보였다. 따라서 아인산염은 생육에는 큰 영향을 주지는 않았지만 물질 변화에 영향을 미쳐 물질 촉매제 역할과 수용성 인산과 칼리를 공급하여 장마기에 질소와 균형을 이룰 수 있는 방법으로도 큰 역할을 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2001

강원도 고랭지의 백합 재배 농가로부터 1998년부터 2000년에 걸쳐 516균주의 Botrytis elliptica를 분리하여 주요 방제 살균제에 대한 저항성 실태를 조사하였다. 분리한 균주들 가운데 benomyl, procymidone, diethofencarb에 대하여 저항성을 나타내는 균주의 출현율은 각각 90.1, 32.3, 40.9%로 높게 나타나 약제 저항성 문제가 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 분리된 균주의 benzimidazole계, dicarboximide계, N-phenylcarbamate계에 대한 감수성(S) 및 저항성(R) 반응은 6그룹(RSS, RRS, SSR, SRR, RSR, RRR)으로 나누어졌다. 6개 반응형 각각의 분리 빈도는 40.7, 8.5, 7.2, 2.7, 19.8, 21.1%로 나타났다. 이 중 carbendazim에만 저항성인 RSS형이 40.7%로 가장 놀게 나타났고, Procymidone과 diethofencarb에 저항성인 SRR형은 2.7%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 약제 반응형은 월동기를 지나면서 상대적으로 증가하는 반응형과 감소하는 반응형이 있는데 이는 이들 균 자체 적응력 차이 때문인 것으로 보여진다. 적응력이 높은 약제 반응형은 RSS, SSR형으로 나타났으며, 적응력이 낮은 약제 반응형은 SRR, RSR, RRR형으로 나타났고 RRS형은 큰 변동이 없었다. Benzimidazole계 살균제에 저항성균의 방제를 위하여 1998년 봄부터 benzimidazole계와 N-phenylcarbamate계의 합제 사용으로 효과는 얻고 있으나, 이 두 계열의 약제에 대한 다중 저항성균이 점차 증가하고 있어 점차 약효가 감소하고있는 실정이다. 이 연구는 강원도 고랭지에서 백합 잎마름병균(Botrytis elliptica)의 방제 위하여 살균제 사용에 철저한 관리가 필요함을 시사한다.